1、专题01 必修1 Unit 1 FriendshipUnit 1考纲要求语言知识：要求考生掌握并能运用英语词汇、语法基础知识以及所学话题。1.考纲内要掌握的词汇、短语和句型项目单词及其词性变化（语法填空必备）重点单词1upset adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的 vt.使不安；使心烦2ignore vt.不理睬；忽视ignorance n愚昧ignorant adj.无知的；粗鲁的3calm vt. & vi.(使)平静；(使)镇定 adj.平静的；镇静的；沉着的4concern vt. & n(使)担忧；涉及；关系到；担心；关注；(利害)关系concerned adj.担忧的concern
2、ing prep.关于5loose adj.松的；松开的6series n连续；系列7outdoors adv.在户外；在野外8entire adj.整个的；完全的；全部的9power n能力；力量；权力powerful adj.有权势的10settle vi.安家；定居；停留vt.使安居；安排；解决settled adj.settlement n安居；定居11suffer vt. &vt.遭受；忍受；经历suffering n痛苦；折磨12recover vi. &vt.痊愈；恢复；重新获得recovery n痊愈13pack vi. &vt.捆扎；包装；打行李 n小包；包裹14exactl
3、y adv.确实如此；正是；确切地exact adj.精确的15disagree vi.不同意disagreement nagree 反义词重点短语1add up合计 2calm down 平静下来；镇定下来3have got to 不得不，必须 4be concerned about 关心，挂念5go through 经历；经受 6set down 放下；记下；登记7a series of 一连串的；一系列的8on purpose 故意9in order to 为了 10at dusk 在黄昏时刻11face to face 面对面 12no longer/not any longer 不再
4、13suffer from 遭受；患病 14get/be tired of 对厌烦15pack (sth.) up 将(东西)装箱打包16get along with 与相处；进展17fall in love 相爱；爱上 18join in 参加；加入经典句型（高考书面表达必备）1While walking the dog,_you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.你在遛狗的时候不小心让狗松脱了，接着它被一辆小车撞着了。2. tell him/her that he/she should have studied.告诉他/
5、她本该学习3I wonder if its because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.我不知道这是不是因为我长时间无法出门的缘故，使我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都那样狂热。4.it was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to face.这是我一年半以来第一次观察夜晚5Mother asked her if/whet
6、her she was very hot with so many clothes on.妈妈问她穿这么多衣服是不是很热。2. 语法基础知识 名词性从句（1）具体见下面考点讲解3. 话题友谊具体见下面考点讲解知识点1upset adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的，不适的 vt. 使不安；使心烦，打乱(upset; upset)【归纳拓展】be upset about 对感到心烦It upsets sb. that 让某人心烦的是It upsets sb. to do sth. 做使某人不快upset the plan 搅乱了计划【典例1】The _news made him feel _.Aupse
7、t; upset Bupsetting; upsetCupset; upsetting Dupsetting; upsetting【答案】B【解析】词义辨析。Upsetting，令人心烦的；upset感到心烦的。句意：这个令人心烦的消息让他感到很心烦。所以选B。【变式】1.Knowing the result of the exam, he went home and lay in bed,_.AupsetBwasupsetCfeltupsetDandupset【答案】A【解析】考查形容词做状语：句意：知道考试的结果，他回到家，躺在床上，很难过。因为那个upset是形容词 描述he的状态，形容
8、词在句子后面表伴随，描述状态，选A。2.It is getting colder. I hope the sudden change of climate _ you.AdontupsetBdidntupsetChasntupsetDwontupset【答案】D【解析】试题分析：考查时态：句意：天气越来越冷了，我希望天气突然变化不会对你有什么影响。因为是希望，所以用一般将来时，选D。知识点2ignore vt. 不理睬；忽视；不顾(强调“装作不知道或没看到”【归纳拓展】ignorant adj. 无知的；愚昧的；不知道的ignorance n. 无知；愚昧；不知道ignore sb./sth.
9、 不理睬某人/假装不知道或未见be ignorant of/about sth.be in ignorance of sth.不知道某事【典例2】It is difficult for my teacher to _ my mistakes in my composition. He is so careful!AnoticeBrealizeCignoreDmemorize【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。句意“对我老师来说，忽视我作文里的错误是困难的。他是如此的细心。”A“注意”；B“意识到”；C“忽视；不管”；D“背诵”。故选C。【变式】1. Tom is always saying Im
10、ugly，MomJust _ himYou are the most beautiful in my eyes Adisagree Bignore Ccommand Ddislike 【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。此处Adisagree不同意，Bignore忽视，不管，不顾，Ccommand命令，Ddislike不喜欢，句意：汤姆总是说我很丑，妈妈。不管他，你在我眼中是最漂亮的。根据句意选B。2. If the baby is put into a unfamiliar room without its mother, it I _ the toys no matter how inte
11、resting they might be. (ignore)知识点3concern vt. (使)担忧；涉及；关系到 n. 担心；关注；(利害)关系【归纳拓展】concerning prep. 关于 concerned adj. 关心的；挂念的；有关的show/express concern about/for 对表示关心/担心 have concern with 和有关系with concern 关切地 concern oneself about/for 担忧/关心concern oneself with 从事，参与 concern sb./sth. 与有关be concerned abo
12、ut/over/for 关心，挂念 be concerned with/in 牵扯进/参与all parties concerned 有关各方 as/so far as. be concerned 就而言【典例3】完成句子(1)I will tell you that _(我关心你)(2)I dont want _(牵扯到这件事情里)(3)_(就我而言), this is a good idea.【答案】(1)Im concerned about you (2)to be concerned in this matter/thing (3)As/So far as Im concerned【变
13、式】What the public is _ about is whether medical workers and scientists will be able to find a cure for the new disease in a short time. Aconcerning Bconcern Cconcerned Dto concern C考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：公众关心的是医疗工作者和科学家能否在短时间内发现治疗这种新型疾病的药物。concerning是介词，意为“关于”； sb be concerned about关心/关注.。故选C。知识点4series n. 系
14、列；连续 a series of一连串的；一系列的 a series of exams 一连串的考试 a TV series 一部电视连续剧【归纳拓展】(1)series 属于单复数同形的单词，类似的单词还有 means, species, works(工厂)，deer, fish, sheep 等。(2)“a series of复数名词”做主语时，谓语动词用单数，但“these/those series of复数名词”做主语时，谓语动词用复数。【典例4】完成句子(1)It is an article _这是一篇关于那部电视连续剧的文章。(2)Theres been _ on this roa
15、d recently. 最近在这条路上发生了一连串的事故。【答案】(1)on/about that TV series(2)a series of accidents【变式】So far a series of problems _ brought about by this decision. Ahave BhasChave been Dhas beenC考查动词的语态和主谓一致。由于problems是复数，谓语动词应用复数形式；由于bring与the decision之间为动宾关系，故用被动语态。知识点5settle vi. 安家；定居；停留 vt. 使定居；安排；解决【归纳拓展】sett
16、le in/into (使)适应(新的家、工作、环境等)，习惯于；安顿下来settle down 安居下来；定居，过安定生活，舒适地坐下或躺下settle on/upon 同意，决定；在某处停留/栖息 settle down to n/v.ingget down to n/v.ing开始认真做，专心于 settle ones affairs 安排/解决好自己的事情settle a dispute/an argument 解决争端【典例5】完成句子(1)I sorted out my mails, and then_(开始做一些严肃的工作)(2)They_(结婚了并定居在) London.【答案
17、】(1)settled down to doing some serious work(2)got married and settled down in【变式】 According to his letter,he had to _ his affairs in Paris before he could return home Asettle Bsuffer Cpack Dpersuade A考查动词词义辨析。Asettle定居，解决，处理，Bsuffer遭受，Cpack收拾行李，Dpersuade说服，句意：根据他的信，他回家前不得不处理好在巴黎的事务。选A。知识点6suffer vt.
18、& vi. 遭受；忍受；经历【归纳拓展】suffering n. (身体、精神上的)痛苦，苦恼、苦难的经历suffer pain/loss/defeat/punishment/hardship遭受痛苦/损失/失败/惩罚/艰难suffer from 受折磨，受之苦；患疾病【典例6】Though we _serious natural disasters, we are sure to overcome all difficulties.Agive awayBaffect withCsufferfromDdeal with【答案】C【解析】give away“分发, 放弃, 泄露”， affect
19、“影响”及物动词， suffer from“遭受” ，deal with“处理”。从“ we are sure to overcome all difficulties.”这句话可以推断出前半句的意思应该是“尽管我们遭受着严重的自然灾害”，因此应选C。【变式】1._ such a heavy loss in the earthquake, they got help from all over the world.ASufferBHavingsufferedCSufferedDTosuffer【答案】B【解析】句意：他们在地震中遭受了如此大的损失，他们收到了来自世界各地的帮助。Suffer 与
20、主语they之间是主动关系，又Suffer的动作发生在动作got之前，因此用现在分词的完成时。故选B。2. Iraq has _ too many wars since the 1990s, making his people _a lot.Agot through;sufferfromBlooked through;sufferingCgone through;sufferDpassed through;suffered【答案】C【解析】第一空考查短语go through “经历”;第二空make sb do sth “使某人做某事”句意：伊拉克自从二十世纪九十年代经历了太多战争，使得人民遭
21、受许多苦难。知识点7add up【归纳拓展】add up 合计 add sth. up 把加起来add up to 加起来共计/达 add.to. 把加在/上add to 增加；增添 add that.补充说【典例7】用add或其相关短语的适当形式完成句子(1)Will you _some sugar _the coffee, please?(2)The piece of music _our enjoyment.(3)“I will come later.” he_ (补充说). (4)_your score and see how many points you get.【答案】(1)ad
22、d; to(2)adds/added to(3)adds/added (4)Add up【变式】选择填空Youd better _ your scores and see if you have passed the exam Aadd up Badd up to Cadd to Dadd to up A考查动词短语辨析。句意：你最好把你的分数加起来，看看是否通过了考试。此处add up加起来；add up to总共； add to加到上。根据句意选A。知识点8go through【归纳拓展】go throughexperience 经历，经受examine carefully 仔细检查loo
23、k through 浏览，翻阅pass (through) 通过，经过be used up 用完【典例8】根据汉语提示完成句子(1)She _(翻遍她所有的衣服) to find something to wear at the party.(2)The two countries _(经历了很多战争). (1)went through all her clothes(2)went through many wars【变式】选择填空Remember to _ the pockets before you put those trousers in the washing machine. Ag
24、et through Bpass through Cgo through Dget along with C考查动词词组辨析。A. get through接通；B. pass through通过；C. go through经历，检查；D. get along with和相处，进展。句意：记住在把裤子放进洗衣机前要检查口袋。选C。知识点10set down【归纳拓展】set down(1)write down 写下，记下(2)put down 放下，搁下(3)stop and allow sb. to get off 让某人下车(4)explain or describe to oneself
25、as 解释为，认为(与 as 连用)set about doing sth.开始干某事(set out to do sth.)set sb. a good example为树立好榜样【典例10】根据汉语提示完成句子(1)I _(已将每件事记了下来)that happened.(2)Please _(写下你的想法) on a piece of paper.【答案】(1)have written/put/set down everything (2)set/put/write down your ideas/thoughts【变式】根据语境写出短语的意思(1)Why dont you set yo
26、ur ideas down on paper? 为什么你不把你的想法_呢？(1)写在纸上(2) Set that heavy bag down to have a rest.把那沉重的袋子_，休息一会儿。 (2)放下(3)Please set me down at the next corner.请在下一个拐角处_。 (3)让我下车知识点11get along【归纳拓展】get along/on with与相处 get along/on well/nicely with.进展(谈及或问及工作情况)get along/on(well)with sb与某人相处(得好)get along/on(we
27、ll/smoothly)with sth某事进展(得很好/很顺利) get back 返回，回去；寻回，找回get in 到达；收割；上班get over 解决；克服；控制表示“进展，进行”时，get alongget on，其中along和on是副词，其后不能直接加宾语。【典例11】完成句子(1)How is he _ his studies?他的学习进展如何？(2)He _ his boss.他与老板相处得很好。【答案】(1)getting along/on with(2)gets along/on well with【变式】选择填空Last night I came across the
28、 man _ you think is pleasant to _. Awho; get along Bwhom; get along Cwho; get along with Dwhom; get along with C考查定语从句的关系词。此处the man是先行词，you think是插入语，先行词在定语从句中作主语，同时作with的宾语。故选C。句意：昨天晚上我遇到了你认为那个好相处的人。翻译句子(1)How is the work getting along？ (1)工作进展如何？(2)How are you getting along with your studies? (2)
29、你功课学得怎样？(3)Selfish men are hard to get along with. (3)自私的人很难相处。考点1：in order to【教材原句】For example, one evening when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself.比方说，有天晚上天气很暖和，我熬到11点半故意不睡觉，为的是独自好好看看月亮。【典例1】翻译句子。(1) In order
30、 to see it clearly, I put on my glasses. I put on my glasses in order to see it clearly. I put on my glasses so as to see it clearly.I put on my glasses to see it clearly.To see it clearly I put on my glasses. _(2) In order not to lose the job, she lied to the boss. _【答案】 (1) 为了看清楚，我戴上了眼镜。(2) 为了不丢掉工
31、作，她向老板说了谎。【总结提高】in order to 为了(1)in order to 引导的目的状语，可置于句首或句末，可换成 to (do sth.)。so as to 引导的目的状语，其位置一般在句末。(2)否定结构：in order not to do 和 so as not to do。(3)前后两部分主语一致时，才能用 in order to 或 so asto 来引导，否则，改用 so that 或 in order that 来引导。【变式】1.同义句转换(1)I went home in order that I could change my clothes.I went
32、 home _my clothes.I went home _ my clothes.(2)We started early so that we could get to the meeting on time.We started early _we could get to the meeting on time.We started early _get to the meeting on time.【答案】(1)in order to change; to change(2)in order that; in order to2.选择填空After graduation he too
33、k all his works to London _ get a good job there. Aso that Bin order that Cin order toDas to C考查不定式的用法。A. so that 为了，这是连词，后面接句子， B. in order that为了，这是连词后面接句子，C. in order to 为了，后面接动词原形， D. as to至于。句意：毕业后，他把所有的作品都带到伦敦，为了能找到一份好工作。选C。考点2 分词短语作状语【教材原句】While walking the dog, you were careless and it got l
34、oose and was hit by a car.你在遛狗的时候不小心让狗松脱了，接着它被一辆小车撞着了。【句法分析】While walking the dogWhile you were walking the dog，这是状语从句的省略。在when, while, if, as if, though, as, where, unless等连词(词组)引导的状语从句中，如果谓语动词有be，而主语又跟主句的主语相同或为it时，则从句的主语和be常常省略。【典例2】【2019北京卷语法填空】Nervously _2_ (face) challenges, I know I will whisp
35、er to _myself_(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.【答案】facing【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。分析句式可知，此处是做句子的状语，要用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是I，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填facing。【规律方法】考查现在分词作状语，改写句子的原则是主句和从句的主语一致。这个句型是提高写作句子水平的重要手段。【变式】When first _ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.Ain
36、troducing BintroducedCintroduce Dbeing introduced【答案】B【解析】将从句补全应为When these products were first introduced to the market，主从句主语一致且从句中有be，可以省略主语和be。考点3 should have done结构的虚拟语气【教材原句】.tell him/her that he/she should have studied. 告诉他/她本该学习【句法分析】should have done结构表示过去应该做某事而事实上没有做；而shouldnt have done则表示过去
37、本不该做某事而实际上却做了，两者皆含有“责备”的口吻。【典例3】（2019天津高考模拟）Whats wrong with you?Oh, I am sick. I _ so much ice cream just now.Ashouldnt eatBmustnt eatCcouldnt have eatenDshouldnt have eaten【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查情态动词和虚拟语气。句意：你怎么了？我生病了，我刚才不应该吃那么多冰激凌。A. shouldnt eat不应该吃；B. mustnt eat禁止吃；C. couldnt have eaten不可能吃；D. shouldnt
38、 have eaten本来不应该吃。根据just now可知，是发生在过去，故选D。【知识拓展】拓展：其他“情态动词havedone”结构：(1)must have done对过去发生的事情的肯定推测。“一定”。(2)cant/couldnt have done对过去发生的事情的否定推测。“不可能”。(3)neednt have done过去没有必要做却做了。“本来没必要做”。(4)ought (not) to have doneshould (not) have done(5)might/may have done过去可能做了某事(可能性小)。“可能做了”。(6)could have don
39、e过去本可能做而未做。“本来能做”。(7)would have done愿意做某事却不能做。“本来想要做”。【变式】Oh, Im not feeling well in the stomach. I _ so much fried chicken just now.Ashouldnt eat Bmustnt have eatenCshouldnt have eaten Dmustnt eat【答案】C【解析】由just now可知，本题谈论过去之事。谈论过去之事，在should或must之后接不定式的完成式。must表示推测只用于肯定句中，shouldnt have done表说话之前不应该做
40、某事，但事实上却做了，含有责备的口气。考点4 含有the+序数词+time句型的时态【教材原句】.it was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to face.这是我一年半以来第一次观察夜晚【典例4】（2018天津模拟）_ I spoke English before foreigners, I was a student of high school.AThe first time BFor the first timeCAt the first time DAt the beginning【答案
41、】A【解析】考查名词词组引导时间状语从句。句意：我第一次在外国人面前讲英语是在高中的时候。此处是名词词组The first time引导的时间状语从句，其他三个选项都是介词词组，不能引导时间状语从句，故答案为A。【总结提升】It is/was the first time(that).这是一个固定句式，it可换成this或that; first可换成second, third等，以表达不同的意义。(1)It is the first time that.后接现在完成时；It was the first time that.后接过去完成时；It will be the first time th
42、at.后接现在完成时。(2)the first time可起从属连词作用，引导时间状语从句。The first time I saw her, my heart stopped.我第一次见到她时，心脏都停止了跳动。(3)for the first time意为“第一次”，单独用做状语。He was cheated for the first time.他第一次被骗了。【变式】1.Have you ever been here before?No. This is the first time that I _ to the Great Wall.Acomes Bhave beenCcame D
43、had come【答案】B【解析】This is the first time that.之后的从句需要用现在完成时态。2This is the first time that we _a film in the cinema together as a family . Asee Bhad seen Csaw Dhave seen 【答案】D【解析】考查动词时态的用法。句意：这是首次我们一家人在电影院一起看电影。 ItThis is the first timethat 结构中，that 从句通常用现在完成时；e.g. Its the first time（that）the boy has
44、spoken to a foreigner这个男孩还是第一次同外国人说话。Its the first time that shes seen an elephant这是她第一次见到大象。故本题选D。3. 翻译句子那是我第一次当面与总统讲话。（It was the first time that.）It was the first time that _.考查过去完成时。在“ It/ This is the first/ second/ .time that+从句”句型中，从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时；在“ It/ This was the first/ second/ .time that+从
45、句”句型中，从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时。故填I had talked to the President to face.考点5 with的复合结构【教材原句】Mother asked her if/whether she was very hot with so many clothes on.妈妈问她穿这么多衣服是不是很热。【典例5】【2019江苏卷单项填空】 32.Chinas image is improving steadily, with more countries_ its role in international affairs.A. recognizingB. being
46、 recognizedC. to be recognizedD. recognized【答案】A【解析】考查with复合结构。句意：中国的形象正在稳步提升，更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。“更多的国家”和“认识”之间是主动关系，用with + 名词 + 现在分词结构，故选A。【解题指导】“withn.形容词/副词/介词短语/分词/动词不定式”这种结构在句中经常做状语，表示原因、方式或伴随状态。如果分词的动作与前面的名词是主动关系，用现在分词；如果是被动关系，则用过去分词；如果表示一个未来的动作就用不定式。【变式】_ five minutes _ before the last bus
47、left, we arrived at the station.AThere were; go BWith; to goCIt was; left DIt had; left【答案】B【解析】本题考查with的复合结构，即“with宾语宾语补足语”。本题用不定式做宾补表示将来的动作。句意：在最后一班公交车离开的前五分钟，我们到了车站。考点6 强调句型【教材原句】I wonder if its because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do w
48、ith nature.我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。【典例6】【天津市北辰区2019届高三年级模拟考试】What did she want to know, Tom?She wondered _ we could complete the experiment.A. when was itB. it was when thatC. it was whenD. when it was that【答案】D【解析】考查强调句。句意：“她想知道什么，汤姆？”“她想知道我们什么时候才能完成实验。”分析句子意思以及句子结构可知，空格部分为强调特殊疑问词
49、when，且为宾语从句结构，故特殊疑问句必须置于主从句之间，并且要使用陈述语序。故D选项正确。【点睛】强调句型：It is (was) 被强调部分+that (who) + 句子其他部分。此结构强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语。强调句的连词只有两个，that和who。当强调的部分是人，且为句子的主语时，才用who，其余用that。原句： My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.强调主语： It was my father who/that did the experiment in the lab yesterday
50、evening.强调宾语： It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.强调时间： It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab. (注意不用when)强调地点： It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.强调句的判断：去掉It is (was)和that (who)后，剩余成分能组成完整句子，则为强调句型。【
51、总结提升】It is/was被强调部分that/who强调句(1)强调句一般疑问句形式：Is/Was it被强调部分that/who？(2)强调句特殊疑问句形式：疑问词is/was itthat/who？【注意事项】(1)判断方法：将强调句型中的“It is/was”，“that/who”同时去掉，看剩下的部分句子结构是否仍然完整。若完整，则是强调句型；反之，则不是。(2)强调主语或宾语且其为人称代词时，应注意其形式：仍用主格或宾格形式。(3)强调主语时，that或who后面的谓语动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致。【变式】1.【2018天津】14. It was only when the
52、car pulled up in front of our house _we saw Lily in the passenger seat.A. which B. thatC. when D. where【答案】B【解析】考查强调句。句意：只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。这里考查强调句，强调句型结构为：It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。本题强调时间状语only when the car pulled up in front of our house。故选B。点睛：本题考查强调句，要
53、求有学生掌握好强调句的常用句型以及相关知识的能力。分析句子时首先要看清楚结构，It is / was开头而后面跟句子时就要看它是不是强调句了。强调句有一个特点：拿掉It was/isthat后不影响整个句子的完整性，则是强调句。判断完是不是强调句后再根据强调的部分是人还是物来选择连接词that或者是who。2.【2017天津卷】11. It was when I got back to my apartment _ I first came across my new neighbors.A. who B. where C. which D. that【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：当我回到
54、我的公寓的时候，我首先遇见了我的新邻居。根据关键词It was开头，后面连词首选that，构成强调句型，但需要验证，本句中去掉It was 和that，句意完整，所以确定是强调句型。故选D。考点：考查强调句型。【名师点睛】判断一句话是否是强调句的一个方法是去掉强调结构，如果这句话还能够成立就是强调句，例如这道题，去掉强调结构是：when I got back to my apartment _ I first came across my new neighbors.这句话是成立的，所以是强调句。除了强调句的陈述句，还需要掌握强调句的一般疑问句和特殊疑问词的结构，还有强调句做名词性从句的语序问
55、题。【语法填空】【2016上海】(B)But like so many other things, it is only too much stress(34)_ does you harm. 34.that考查强调句型。强调句型的基本结构为It is/was被强调成分that/who其它成分；其最大的特点就是去掉it is/wasthat/who句子仍然成立。要注意强调句型能强调除谓语动词以为的所有的句子成分。本句强调的是句子主语only too much stress。考点7 名词性从句（1）【典例7】【江苏省盐城中学2019届高三年级质量检测】People crowd into _ ch
56、erry trees are blooming, appreciating the fresh spring sight.A. whatB. whenC. whichD. where【答案】D【解析】考查宾语从句引导词。句意：人们涌向樱花盛开的地方，欣赏清新的春光。从句做介词into的宾语，且从句缺少地点状语。A. what什么；B. when什么时候；C. which哪一个；D. where哪儿。故选D。【解题指导】名词性从句中引导词的确定要根据从句的句子类型，如果从句是陈述句，引导词为 that，如从句是一般疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句，则引导词为if 或whether，如果从句是特殊疑
57、问句就用它原来的疑问代词或疑问副词作为引导词。本题做题步骤分析主句People crowd into可知，本题考查宾语从句。分析从句cherry trees are blooming不缺主语或宾语，那就不能填关系代词。再根据翻译确定关系副词。【变式】1.【2019北京卷语法填空】What students do at college seems to matter much more than _8_ they go.【答案】where【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所大学，表示地点，作状语。故用where。2 .【江苏省南京市学201
58、9届高三年级模拟考试】The same boiling water softens the potato and hardens the egg. Its about _youre made of, not the circumstances.A. thatB. whatC. howD. who【答案】B【解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：同样的沸水使土豆变软，使鸡蛋变硬。重要的是你是由什么构成的，而不是环境。本句为表语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指代事物，用what，故选B。考点8话题写作友谊【典例8】假设你是李华，在上周的班会上，同学们对朋友和友谊进行了讨论，请根据以下内容给你的朋友Tom写一封
59、信分享你们的讨论内容和观点。要点：1. 为什么需要朋友2. 什么样的朋友是真正的朋友3. 你对友谊的看法。注意：1. 词数100左右2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear Tom,_Yours,Li Hua【答案】Dear Tom,Last weeks, we had a heated discussion about “friends” and “friendship”. Im writing to share our ideas with you.We all agree that we can hardly do without friends in life. There ar
60、e many difficulties we cant overcome with our own efforts. Besides, we need friends to share our joys and sorrow, otherwise we would feel lonely. A good friend is someone who respects us and who we respect. True friends are those who never desert us even when we are in trouble. Instead, they offer u
61、s sincere and selfless help even at the cost of their own interests.In my opinion, true friendship is largely based on supporting each other, which can stand the test of time.Best wishes!YoursLi Hua【解题指导】本文是一篇提纲类作文。文章出了详细的提示。考生在成文时应注意：合理发挥想象力，使文章的表达自然，丰满。文章的写作要点要齐全：1. Im writing to share 2. We all a
62、gree that we can hardly do without friends3. A good friend is someone who 4. In my opinion:注意文章的人称：以第一人称为主。时态：一般现在时。注意使用高级词汇had a heated discussion，sincere and selfless，at the cost of，is largely based on和句型，以提高文章的档次；恰当使用一些连词、插入语，使文章表达自然，流畅。注意次数：80120之间。【范文亮点】A good friend is someone who respects us
63、and who we respect.定语从句。true friendship is largely based on supporting each other, which can stand the test of time.非限制性定语从句。【变式】网络上曾疯传这么一句话友谊的小船说翻就翻。从网络上的各种配图来看,导致友谊翻船的原因林林总总。请你以维护友谊为主题,写一篇100词左右的英语短文。要求:1. 描述上图并解释图片所传达的意思；2. 列举导致友谊翻船的原因（至少两条） ；3. 就如何维护友谊给出你的建议。注意:开头已为你写好,不计入总词数。A boat shared by a
64、pair of friends turns over for some reason, which reflects friendship can be easily damaged in reality. _【答案】A boat shared by a pair of friends turns over for some reason， which reflects friendship can be easily damaged in reality.Friendship falls apart easily even for minor incidents. For example，
65、a quarrel over idols or differences in hobbies might ruin a long-held relationship in a single minute. However， it is actually lack of trust that is to blame for the loss of friendship. Friends are supposed to be trusted， and if the trust between both sides fades away， so will friendship itself.Vari
66、ous means are available to keep up friendship. First of all，sincerity is the foundation of friendship， on which trust is likely to develop slowly but steadily. More importantly， frequent exchange of opinions helps friends better understand one another， which in turn strengthens ties between friends.
67、【审题指导】本文是看图作文。题目要求描述图片，并解释图片所传达的意思，要列举至少两个导致友谊翻船的原因，并就如何维护友谊给出你的建议。同学们在写作时要根据图片和提示列出要点，并以此为基础充分发挥自己的想象力，灵活运用英语知识，采用不同的表达方式将各要点完整地表述出来。在写作时还要注意时态、语态的:正确运用，按逻辑关系安排好写作内容，同时应选用合适的连接词，并适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。【点睛】本文内容符合题目要求，逻辑清晰，结构布局合理，并使用了高级词汇和句型。高级词汇有: fall apart， minor， ruin， lack of， be to blame， be supposed t
68、o， fade away， available， keep up，foundation， steadily， in turn， strengthen 等。高级句型有:（1）it is actually lack of trust that is to blame for the loss of friendship使用了强调句型，强调主语lack of trust; （2）if the trust between both sides fades away， so will friendship itself中含有“so+助动词+主语”结构;（3）sincerity is the foundation of friendship， on which trust is likely to develop slowly but steadily 中含有“介词+ which”引导的非限制性定语从句。这显示出了作者深厚的英语基础知识和良好的英语运用能力。