1、强调句和倒装句知识点 强调句型的基本句式为：It is /was +被强调部分+ that或who（只能指人）+句子的其余部分。被强调部分指人时，引导词用who或that，被强调部分为疑问代词who时，为了避免重复，只能用that，其余情况一律用that。如：It is I who was present at the meeting last Friday.上周星期五是我出席这个会议的。It was because he worked hard that he succeeded.他是因为努力工作才取得成功的。It was with great pleasure that we learne
2、d of your sons success.我们非常高兴地了解到你儿子所取得的成功。It was in the laboratory which Mr. Smith is in charge of that they did the experiment.他们是在史密斯先生负责的那个实验室里做这个实验的。It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.直到她把墨镜取下来，我才意识到她是个著名的电影明星。It was only when I read his po
3、ems recently that I began to appreciate their beauty.只是当我最近读到他的诗时，我才开始欣赏这些诗的美。注：a.有时某些状语从句，主语从句，定语从句因结构相似，容易与强调句型混淆，可用如下方法判断是否为强调句型：将It is who / that去掉，如果句子成立(有时要调整语序)，则属于强调句型，否则就不是。如果是时间it，则引导词需选用引导时间状语从句的从属连词when, since, before等，如为形式主语it，则引导词需选用引导主语从句的与句型相适应的连词，辨别是何it，应注意时态和引导词的关系。 当被强调部分是句子的时间状语时
4、应特别注意区别：It+ be +时间+ when /before从句。这种句型中，时间常为某一点，而且由于充当表语，一般不用介词。而强调句中，被强调的时间前常用介词。如：It was long before they met again.过了很久他们也才见面。(时间it )It was at seven oclock that we arrived at the airport.我们是在七点钟到达飞机场的。(强调句)It was seven oclock when we set off for the station.现在七点钟了，是我们动身去车站的时间了。(时间it )It was thre
5、e years ago that it happened.这事就发生在三年前。(强调句)It is / has been three years since he left his hometown.他离开家乡有三年了。(时间it )Was it you that I saw last night at the concert?昨天晚上我在晚会上见到的是你吗? (强调句)b.强调句式的疑问形式要特别注意强调句式的特殊疑问句，尤其是对疑问副词的强调，即：疑问副词+强调句的一般疑问句。如：When did you come back?你什么时候回来？When was it that you com
6、e back?你到底什么时候回来？（强调句）What do you want me to do?你想要我做什么？What is it that you want me to do?你到底想要我做什么？（强调句）倒装概述：英语句子的自然语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。如：The boy rushed out.那个男孩冲了出来。然而,在实际运用中，有时需将本来在句子后边的部分提到句子的前边。在多数情况下是把谓语的一部分或全部放在主语之前，这种现象称为倒装。英语中的倒装句常分为两种：全部倒装和部分倒装。在全部倒装的句子中，整个谓语动词都置于主语之前，通常适合于谓语是简单谓语(常为一般现在时或一般过去时
7、)，且主语不是代词的情况。如：Out rushed the boy.那个男孩冲了出来。在部分倒装的句子中只是谓语中的一部分（即作用词，如：助动词、情态动词或系动词be）置于主语之前，其余部分仍在主语后面。如：Here comes the bus.公共汽车来了。 What the child said is true, said the father.“那个孩子说的是真的。”父亲说。Never shall I forget it.我决不会忘记它。Only in this way can you learn from your mistakes.只有这样我们才能在错误中学习。英语句子之所以使用倒装
8、，其目的有二：一是语法要求，如大多数疑问句、there be句型（即：存在句）、祝愿句等。二是修辞要求，即为了强调某一成分，为了描写生动，为了衔接上文，或为了平衡句子等。如：Do you know he quarrelled with his elderbrother ?I don t know,nor do I care.-你知道他跟他的哥哥吵架了吗？-我不知道，我也不关系此事。Not until all the fish died in the river, did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.直到河中的鱼都死了，
9、村民们才意识到污染的严重性。David has made great progress recently.So he has, and so have you.-大卫最近取得了很大进步。-他确实取得了很大的进步，你也取得了进步。It was careless of you to have left your clothes outside all night.My God ! So I did.-你真粗心，整个晚上把你的衣服放在外面。-的确如此。I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life had I felt so h
10、appy.我终于得到了这个工作，我一生从来没有如此高兴过。Not a single song did she sing at yesterday s party.她在昨天的晚会上不止唱了一首歌。Only with hard work can you expect to get a pay rise.只有努力工作你才有希望获得高收入。全部倒装即主谓直接倒装，无论谓语动词是哪种，都需要提到主语之前。在以there, here或up, down, out, in, away等表示方位的副词或then, now等表示时间的副词置于句首时，以及介词短语用作地点状语置于句首时，常用全部倒装，以示强调。这时
11、谓语动词通常是come, go,run, fly, rush等表示位置转移的动词和be动词。如：There stands an old pine tree at the entrance to the valley.在峡谷在人口处有一棵大树。Over rolled the goat, dead.那只山羊打了一个滚，死了。Up jumped the cat and caught the mouse.那只猫跳了起来，抓住了老鼠。Nearby are houses built by the villagers themselves.附近的房子都是村民自己建的。Seeing the gardener
12、coming, away ran the naughty children.看见园丁来了，这些淘气的孩子们就跑了。Now comes Wang s turn to keep guard.现在该你去站岗了。Can you tell me where my uncle is ?Yes, of course, here comes your uncle !-你可以告诉我我的舅舅在那儿吗？-当然可以，那不就是你舅舅吗！Under a big tree sat a fat man, half asleep.大树下坐着一个胖子，快要睡着了。On the roof hang six lights.天花板上挂
13、着六只灯。注：但主语是人称代词时，主语和渭语的语序不变。Out they rushed in a great hurry.他们急匆匆地跑了出来。In he came, stick in hand.他进来了，手里拿着拐杖。He was phoned for and away he went.有人打电话找他，他就出去了。Why hasn t Xiao Li come yet ?Look, there he comes.-小李怎么还没有来？-看，他不是来了吗。部分倒装即谓语中的一部分（即作用词，如：助动词,情态动词或系动词be）置于主语之前，其余部分仍在主语后面。1.为了强调only及其所修饰的状语
14、（通常是副词、介词短语或从句），则将它们移到句首，句中的主谓语用部分倒装。如：Only then did I realize what“revolution”meant.到那时我才意识到“革命”一词是什么意思。Only in that way can we learn English well.只有这样我们才能学好英语。Only when the rain stopped did the match start again.雨停了比赛才又开始了。Only until his father was out of prison could Charles go to school.直到他父亲出狱了
15、他才上学。Only when he told me the news did I know what had happened.他告诉了我这个消息我才知道所发生的事。Only once did his father discuss his future with him.他的父亲只跟他讨论过一次他的未来。Only by working hard can we succeed in doing anything.只有能力我们才能成功地干事情。Only when I worked as an interpreter did I realize how important it is to gras
16、p English.我当了翻译才意识到掌握英语的重要性。注：但如果置于句首的由only引导的词组不是状语一般不用倒装。如：Only the doctor can save his life.只有医生才能救他了。Only some of the children seemed to have escaped from the big fire.好象只有几个孩子从大火中逃生。2.否定或半否定意义的副词或连词置于句首，需用部分倒装。常见的否定副词或连词有：never, seldom, little,nowhere, rarely , not（+副词或短语）, not until（+短语或句子）（注：
17、含有否定意义的连词not until后接从句，为了强调而置于句首时，只是主句中的主谓语作部分倒装，从句不用倒装）, hardly (scarcely).when（一就）, no soonerthan（一就）, not onlybut also（不仅而且）(注: hardlywhen, no soonerthan,以及not onlybut also引导两个分句时,将前一个分句中的主谓作部分倒装，而后一个分句中的主谓语序不变。)如：Never have I seen such a wonderful place as Hangzhou.我从来没有见过象杭州这么好的地方。Seldom do the
18、y watch TV during the day.他们白天很少看电视。Little did he care about his own health though he was very ill.即使生病了他也不关心自己的健康。Not for a moment did he doubt the truth of your story.他一直对故事的真实性表示怀疑。Not until he got off the bus did he find that he had got his wallet stolen.他下车了才发现他的钱包被偷。Not only did he make a prom
19、ise, but also he kept it.他不仅仅许下诺言，而且还遵守诺言。Hardly had I reached the railway station when the train started.我一到火车站，火车就开走了。Scarcely had it stopped raining when the PLA fighters were on their way again.雨一停这些解放军战士就又上路了。No sooner had they started off than it began to snow.他们一动身就开始下雪了。Not until his classma
20、tes criticized him did he begin to admit his mistake.直到同学们都批评他了他才开始承认错误。Not only can the computer memorize the data fed into it, but it can also analyze them.计算机不仅可以存储输入的数据，而且还可以分析这些数据。3.把副词so放在句首，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一人（或物）。其句型是：so +作用词（be, have,助动词或情态动词等）+主语。把neither, nor置于句首，表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一人（或物）。其句型是：ne
21、ither (nor ) +作用词（be, have,助动词或情态动词等）+主语。（注：neither, nor本身表示否定，所以其后的作用词须用肯定形式）。这两种结构的句子都是省略句，谓语动词的时态应根据前一句谓语动词而定，单复数形式根据后句的主语而定。He is a doctor and so are his parents.他是医生，他的父母也是医生。I like sports and so does my brother.我喜欢体育运动，我弟弟也喜欢。All the men must go there, so must you.所有的人都必须去那儿，我也一样。Society has c
22、hanged and so have the people in it.社会变了，社会中的人也就变了。She can hardly drive a car, and nor can I.她几乎不会开车，我也不会。Peter seldom come late to school, and nor does he.彼特很少上学迟到，他也是。I don t think Jack will come today, nor will Mary.我认为杰克今天不会来，玛丽也不会来。注：a. so +主语+作用词（be, have,助动词或情态动词等），其意思为indeed, certainly（的确如此，
23、当然是这样），且句中的主语与前句的主语是同一人或物，带有感情色彩，用于对上下文所说的事的进一步肯定或确认。You say he works hard, so he does, and so do you.你说他工作很努力,他的确如此，你也一样。If you don t want to go there, neither shall I.如果你不想去那儿，我也不去。It is very cold today.So it is.今天很冷！的确如此。It was very hot yesterday.So it was, and so is it today.-昨天很热。-的确如此，而且今天也很热。
24、Did John help you ?So he did. But I m sorry his help was of little use.-约翰帮了你吗？-他的确帮了，但很遗憾他的帮助几乎是没有用的。b.主语+ do + so意思是照前面所说过的事那样做。这种结构中的do是代动词，替代句中的动词和宾语部分，使句子简洁、明快。My mother asked me to clean my bedroom. I did so.妈妈要我打扫卧室，我照她说的去做了。The teacher asked me to finish all the exercises,and I did so.老师叫我把所
25、有这些练习做完，我真地做完了。4.在so (such)that句型中，如果把so或such部分置于句首时需要用部分倒装。如：So easy was the work that they finished it in a few days.这项工作是如此的容易，以致他们几天就把它干完了。So well did she do her homework that the teacher praised her.她的作业做得如此之好，以致老师都表扬了她。So absorbed was she in the work that she often forgot to take her meals.她是如
26、此全神贯注于她的工作之中，以致她常常忘记吃饭。In such a hurry did he leave that he forgot to lock the door.他如此匆忙地离开了，以致他忘记了锁门。Such a noise was there that I couldn t work in the room.噪音如此之大，以致我都无法在房间里工作。Such an inspiring and wise leader was Lincoln tha tall the American people loved him dearly.林肯是一个如此令人鼓舞和英明的领袖，以致美国人民深深地爱戴
27、着他。5.频度副词often, always, many a time等放于句首时句子常用部分倒装。Often does he hear the girl sing in her room.他经常听到这个女孩在她房间唱歌。Often did she give us good advice.她经常给我们提出一些好的建议。Many a time has he been to the USA.他去过美国很多次。Many a time has he given us good advice.他给我们提过很多次好的建议。6.在as、（时也可用though）引导的让步状语从句中，强调某一部分可采用部分倒装
28、。其从句结构常为：名词（无冠词）/形容词/副词/分词+ as /though +主语+动词。这时动词不需倒装。Child as he is, he can answer the difficult question.尽管他还是个孩子，但他确实能够回答这个困难的问题。Late though it was, the workers went on working in the construction site.尽管很完了，工人们还在建筑工地继续工作。Hard as he worked, yet he didn t get good results in the final examination
29、.尽管他学习很努力，但他还是没有在期末考试中取得好成绩。Try as he might, Mike couldn t get rid of the trouble.尽管迈克尽力了，但他还是没有摆脱麻烦。7.当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had, were,或should等时，如将if省略，则要将had, were,或should等移到主语之前，构成倒装结构。如：Had I not got my leg hurt, I would have taken part in the sports meet.要不是我的腿受伤的话，我会参加了这次运动会。Were he to leave today, he would get there by Friday.如果他今天就走，他星期五之前就可到达那儿。Should he come, tell him to ring me up.要是他来了，就叫他给我打电话。