1、第06讲 名词性从句复习.单句语法填空1Exactly _ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565答案：when句意：土豆被引入欧洲的确切时间不能确定，但很可能是1565年左右。分析句子结构可知，设空处为主语从句的引导词，从around 1565判断，这里指时间，故填when。2It shocked the world _ the United States withdrew from some major agreements it had been committ
2、ed to, including the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change and the 2015 Iran Nuclear Deal答案：that句意：令世界震惊的是，美国退出了它所承诺的一些主要协议，包括2015年巴黎气候变化协定和2015年伊朗核协议。此处it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。3I need help now! I have to fix a leaking pipe in my bathroom but Im not sure _ to begin答案：where句意：我现在需要帮助！我不得不修理洗手间里一个正
3、在漏水的管子，但是我不确定从何处着手。此处表示是管子哪里漏水，表示地点，填where。4Forty grams of meat per day is _ people should consume in order to stay fit答案：what句意：为了保持健康，人们每天应该消耗40克肉。“_ people should consume”是表语从句，该从句中，consume缺少宾语，且表示“所的东西”，故要用what引导该从句。5The famous player tried again and again after each failure Thats _ he succeeded
4、 at last答案：why句意：每次失败后，这位著名的球员一次又一次地尝试。那就是为什么他最终成功了(的原因)。be后面的是一个表语从句，用why引导从句，表示结果，故填why。6The retired engineer is showing _ the wheelchair climbs stairs, which all the curious visitors want to know 答案：how句意：这位退休的工程师正在展示轮椅如何爬楼梯，这是所有有好奇心的游客想知道的。由句意可知，填how，意为“怎么，如何”。这是how引导的宾语从句。7It hasnt been made cl
5、ear _ the new underground line is to be open to traffic答案：when句意：新的地铁线路何时开放还不清楚。由句意可知，填when。这是when引导的主语从句，it是形式主语。8The problem is _ sometimes when we are given something on a constant basis, we start to take it for granted and forget to be thankful for what we already have答案：that句意：问题是，有时候当我们不断地被给予某
6、些东西时，我们就认为这是理所当然的，从而忘记了要对我们已经拥有的东西应该心存感恩。由于从句中成分完整，因此应用that来引导，that在从句中只起连接作用，不作任何成分。 9Ten percent of life is _ happens to you and ninety percent is _ you respond to it答案：what; how句意：生活的百分之十是事件本身，另有百分之九十在于你如何回应它。分析句子结构可知，第一空引导表语从句，happens to you缺少主语，意为“什么事”，因此应用what来引导；第二空也引导表语从句，you respond to it成分
7、齐全，因此应用how，表方式。 10After a days exhausting climb we arrived at _ we had been told was Garden in the Air答案：what句意：经过一天筋疲力尽的攀爬，我们终于到了那个被称为“空中花园”的地方。分析句子结构可知，at为介词，后面是一个宾语从句，we had been told为插入语，宾语从句中缺主语，且在句中意为“的事物(东西)”，故用what。 11Sometimes, _ we show our gratitude to a person is reflected in the kind of
8、 food we serve him or her答案：how句意：有时我们如何表达对一个人的感激之情会体现在招待他或她的食物种类上。此处用how，表方式，引导主语从句。12It remains to be seen _ this plan is practical enough to keep the project going答案：whether句意：这个计划是否足够可行来让这个工程继续下去，还有待于进一步观察。whether引导主语从句，it是形式主语。13Some summer camps can provide you with as many as ten courses, and
9、 you are required to choose _ suits you best 答案：whichever句意：一些夏令营可以提供多达10门课程，你可以从中选择最适合自己的课程。choose后面是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，且前句提到范围即as many as ten courses，故此处表示你最喜欢的任何一门，故填whichever。14It is reported that a huge percentage of bird species are in danger Its _ their habitats or homelands are disappearing 答案：bec
10、ause句意：据报道大部分鸟类正面临危险。这是因为它们的栖息地或家园正在消失。空格处引导表语从句。根据前后两句的关系，空格处表示因果关系，故使用because。15I just wonder _ it is that all the villagers think highly of him 答案：why句意：我就是想知道为什么所有的村民对他的评价这么高。wonder后面用why引导宾语从句。16If you leave this application form and go to another website, you will lose _ you have already fille
11、d out on this form答案：whatever句意：如果你留下这个申请表不填，而去另一个网站，你将会丢失你在这个表格中已填好的任何东西。根据句意可知，是丢失已经填好的表格内容，用whatever引导。17_ theyve managed to get everything finished so quickly is not clear to us答案：How句意：他们是怎么如此快速地把一切做完的我们还不清楚。主语从句不缺少主语、宾语和定语，且由managed to get everything finished可知空格处是表示方式，因此填How。18A proposal was
12、put forward at the meeting _ the new cement plant shouldnt be built near the school答案：that句意：一个建议在会上被提出来，新水泥厂不应该建在学校附近。本题考查的是同位语从句，句中的“that the new cement plant shouldnt be built near the school”解释说明名词proposal。19The most exciting moment was _ I was given the first prize答案：when句意：我最兴奋的时刻是我获得第一名的时候。根据
13、句中的“exciting moment”可知，此处是when引导的表语从句。20They are discussing the problem _ they should stop investing money in that project 答案：whether句意：他们正在讨论是否应该停止向那个项目投资的问题。分析句子结构，空格后面是一个同位语从句，解释前面“problem”的内容，根据句意，缺少表示“是否”的词，而if不能引导同位语从句，只能填whether。.单句改错1That surprised us most was that Tom should have left witho
14、ut a word_答案：ThatWhat引导主语从句并且在从句中作主语，且意为“的事情”，应用What。2Its no longer a question now that man can land on the moon_答案：thatwhether句意：现在，人类是否能登上月球已经不再是一个问题了。句中it作形式主语，真正的主语是whether引导的从句。3The real reason why I dont have a hobby is because I dont have time_答案：becausethat句意：我没有爱好的真正的原因是我没时间。表语从句中不缺少成分，并且句意
15、完整，因此应用that。The reason why is that “的原因是”。4The news they had won the game soon spread over the whole country _答案：news后加that句意：他们赢得比赛的消息很快就传遍了全国。that引导同位语从句，解释前面的news 的内容，that不能省略。5The organizers promise who wins the first prize a chance to go abroad _答案：whowhoever句意：组织者承诺无论谁获得一等奖都会有出国的机会。在题干中，promis
16、e后面跟的是一个宾语从句，who指具体的“谁”，与题意不符；whoever是“无论谁”之意，相当于anyone who，可引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，与题意相符。 6Mary is a humorous and warmhearted woman and that is because she is a most popular person in her community_答案：becausewhy句意：玛丽是一个很幽默而且很热心的女人，这就是她为什么会成为社区里非常受欢迎的人。that is后引导的句子作is的表语，表结果，故用why。7The question is if they
17、will be able to help us_答案：ifwhether句意：问题是他们是否能帮我们。本句中包含表语从句，if不连接表语从句，故将if改为whether。8In the office an electrical engineer is looking through the instructions to know whether the heat system works_答案：whetherhow句意：办公室里一名电气工程师正在浏览说明书为了弄明白供热系统是如何工作的。know后是一个宾语从句，连接词在从句中表示方式。根据句意可知，应将whether改为how。9I kno
18、w nothing about him except he is from the south _答案：except后加thatexcept that是一个固定结构，连接宾语从句，故在except后加that。10He says the book is very interesting, and all the children love to read it _答案：and后加that动词后接有两个或者两个以上的宾语从句时，第二个以及以后的宾语从句中的that不能省略。.语法填空 (名词性从句专练)1_worries my classmate Mary a lot these days is
19、 2._she puts on too much weight and she is frequently ill.She has some doubts 3._she eats too much fast food high in fat or sugar.Also，with the college entrance examination approaching，she becomes more stressful and she cant sleep well these days.Maybe this is 4._she becomes fatter these days，she th
20、inks.5._she becomes slimmer and healthier has been her main task.So she wants to consult some experts and gain some instructions.But where she could get better suggestions and 6._will give her better advice also puzzle her.It is her parents suggestion 7._she should consult Professor Wang in Zhongsha
21、n Hospital.Professor Wang suggests 8._she keep a balanced diet first.She should eat vegetables and fruit high in fiber，vitamin and protein.Whats more，if she wants to lose weight，she had better take regular exercise more than half an hour a day.Mary asked Professor Wang 9._she should take exercise.Pr
22、ofessor Wang advised her to take exercise at 5 oclock in the afternoon.That is 10._she will have more time to do sports.It is with the help of Professor Wang that Mary has become much healthier now.答案：1.What2.that3.whether4.why 5How6.who7.that8.that9.when10.becauseI.单句语法填空1.（2019北京市石景山区高三英语期末）I look
23、ed out the window of the bus and dreamed about_ we would do while on our trip.what考查宾语从句引导词。我望着窗外的公共汽车，梦想着我们在旅途中会做些什么。此处介词about后面是宾语从句，从句谓语动词do是及物动词，缺少宾语，故填what。2.（2019江苏省南京市六校联合体高三联考）10.I really dont know _ she gets by on such a modest salary.how考查宾语从句。我真不知道她靠这么微薄的工资是怎么生活的。此处是how引导的宾语从句，故填how。3.（20
24、19天津市第一中学高三上学期第三次月考）3.Save your apology for you really make everything a mess.when考查宾语从句。把你的道歉留到当你真的把事情搞得一团糟的时候吧。此处是介词for后面when引导的宾语从句。故填when。4.（2019江苏省五校高三12月联考）8.That preserved historic village connected to downtown by a highway is _ many office workers spend their weekends.where考查表语从句。那条由高速公路连接市中
25、心的历史悠久的村庄是许多上班族周末的去处。结合句意可知此处是where引导的表语从句，故填where。5.（天津市七校（静海一中，杨村中学，宝坻一中，大港一中等）13.It is generally believed that communication skills are becoming _ it takes to be a good doctor.what考查名词性从句的连接词。人们普遍认为，沟通技巧正逐渐成为一名好医生的必备条件。在名词性从句中，that无意义且在从句中不作任何成分。 “_it takes to be a good doctor”是表语从句，从句中缺少takes的宾语
26、，故填what。6.（2019天津市第一中学高三上学期第一次月考）23. _we used to see as something impossible is now becoming a reality.What考查主语从句。我们过去认为不可能的事情现在变成了现实。此处是主语从句做主语，从句中缺少引导词，且谓语动词see缺少宾语，故填What。7.（江苏省扬州中学2019届高三上学期12月月考）23.All the mistakes I ever made in my life were _ I wanted to say “No” and said “Yes”.when考查表语从句。在我的
27、人生中所犯的所有错误都是当我想要说“不”，却说了“是”。句中when引导表语从句，在句中充当时间状语。故填when。8.（2019江苏省启东中学高三上学期第一次月考）14.In the opening four sentences, Du described _ the cycles of nature happen the leaves come back to the trees, the flowers bloom, and the grass grows tall.how考查宾语从句。在开头的四句话中，杜描述了自然的循环是如何发生的树叶回到树上，花儿绽放，草长得很高。the leave
28、s come back to the trees, the flowers bloom, and the grass grows tall.是自然循环的过程，表示“如何，怎样”，故填how。9(2018北京西城模拟)Could you give me some advice on getting a job?First, find out _ you like doing best答案：what句意：你能给我一些有关找工作的建议吗？首先要弄清楚你最喜欢做什么。“_ you like doing best”为宾语从句，该从句中缺少宾语(doing的宾语)，且设空处意为“的事”，故答案为what。
29、10(2018山西重点中学协作体模拟)My mother knew where we were at all times She knew _ our friends were答案：who/where句意：我母亲总是知道我们在哪里。她知道我们的朋友是谁/在哪里。根据句意可知，设空处在宾语从句中作表语，且表示“身份或地点”，故用who或where引导。11(2018河南模拟)I had no idea _ a stage manager actually did答案：what句意：我不知道舞台经理实际做些什么。“_ a stage manager actually did”为宾语从句，该从句中缺
30、少宾语，且设空处指“事物”，故用what引导。12(2018青岛模拟)The problem is _ we can improve our reading skills in such a short time答案：how/whether句意：问题是我们如何/是否能在这么短的时间内提升阅读技能。根据句意可知，填how/whether引导表语从句。13(2018四川绵阳高三考前模拟)What is concerning us greatly is _the workers held up in that area yesterday will be set free答案：when/whethe
31、r句意：我们非常关心的是昨天在那个地区被抢劫的工人们什么时候/是否会被释放。此处缺表语从句的连接词且从句中不缺主语或宾语，故可用when/whether。14(2018安徽省皖南八校高三联考)The practical suggestion came from the representatives_ the new rule be adopted答案：that句意：来自代表们的切实可行的建议是：这项新规定应该被采纳。分析句子结构可知，此处为同位语从句，说明suggestion的内容，而该从句意思非常完整，所以要用that引导。15(2018长春市高三二模)_ is the most impo
32、rtant to him is not his job, but his family答案：What句意： 对于他来说最重要的不是他的工作而是他的家庭。此处what引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语。16(2019厦门一中高三模拟)His success in digital field proved _ it took to be a best CEO 答案：what句意：他在数字领域的成功证明了要想成为最好的CEO所需要的条件。proved后接宾语从句。因为从句中took缺宾语，且该宾语意为“的事物(东西)”，填what。17(2019河北省保定市月考)Built over 2,200 yea
33、rs ago in _ is now Sichuan Province in Southwest China, this amazing engineering achievement is still used today答案：what句意：2,200多年前在现在的中国西南部的四川省，建造的这个惊人的工程至今仍在使用。what引导宾语从句，作介词in的宾语，同时在宾语从句中作主语。18(2019广东省五校高三联考)In Japan, it is recognized that the best communication is _ you dont speak at all答案：when句意
34、：在日本，人们公认最好的交流是当你什么也不说时。根据语境可知，此处填when引导表语从句。19(2019河北曲周县一中高三模拟)Id like to start my own businessthats _ Id do if I had money答案：what句意：我想自己创业，那是我有钱后要做的事。此处引导表语从句，且在从句中作do的宾语，意为“的事情”。故用what。20(2019海南儋州一中高三统测)Today, people still come and goto see _ the Canadian gold rush happened答案：where句意：如今，人们仍然来往这里看
35、加拿大的淘金热在哪里发生的。分析句子结构可知，宾语从句中缺少地点状语，故填where。II单句改错1(2019唐山模拟)I didnt know what one to buy because these books were all useful to me_答案：whatwhich句意：我不知道该买哪一本，因为这些书对我都有用。which指“哪一本”符合句意。2(2019河北调研)The question that who should do the job requires consideration_答案：去掉thatthe question后为同位语从句，这个同位语从句是由who引导
36、的，that为多余的连接词。3(2019江苏质检)The hope he may recover is not gone yet_答案：hope后加that本句中含有同位语从句，其中连接词that不能省略。4(2018山西四校联考)What I believe its the best way to get close to nature_答案：去掉WhatI believe后为省略了that的宾语从句，what为多余成分。5(2018浙江质检)You want to know that everything is going in our school_答案：thathowknow后的宾语从
37、句中缺少方式状语，应用how。6(2018河南八市联考)In our life, we often regret what we did and which we couldnt do_答案：whichwhatwhat引导宾语从句，此处意为“的事情”，在从句中作do的宾语。7(2018河南焦作模拟)After arriving at school, I discussed with some classmates that we could do_答案：thatwhat句意：到达学校后，我和一些同学讨论我们能做点什么。本句中含有宾语从句，该从句中缺少do的宾语，且表示“事物”，故用what引导
38、。8(2018武汉武昌区调研)Last term, I couldnt accept the truth which I failed in my math examination. _答案：whichthat考查名词性从句。名词truth后为同位语从句，从句中不缺少成分，故用that。9(2018湖北八校第一次联考)During the break time, we argued about what club was the best. 来_答案：whatwhich考查宾语从句。休息时我们争论哪个俱乐部是最好的。根据语境可知，应用which引导宾语从句，意为“哪一个”。10.(2018凉山
39、州诊断)The happiest people enjoy that each age gives them._答案：thatwhat或whatever考查宾语从句。_each age gives them为宾语从句,该从句缺少宾语,且设空处表示物,故用what或whatever引导。1.【2019江苏卷单项填空】25.Scientists have obtained more evidence _ plastic is finding its way into the human body.that考查同位语从句。句意：科学家已经获得更多证据，塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子成分，且与e
40、vidence指代的是同一事件，用that引导同位语从句。故填that。2.【2019新课标I卷语法填空】While they are rare north of 88,there is evidence _ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.that考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence内容，故填that。3.【2019北京卷语法填空】What students do at
41、college seems to matter much more than _ they go.where考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所大学，表示地点，作状语。故用where。4.（2018江苏）21. By boat is the only way to get here, which is _ we arrived.4.how考查名词性从句。乘船是到达这里唯一的途径，这就是我们如何到达的。分析which引导的非限定性定语从句可知，后面为表语从句。分析句意可知，这里用连接副词how引导表语从句，充当方式状语，表示“如何”。故填how。5
42、.（2017北京）23. Every year, _ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.5.whoever每年，任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。空格所在部分是主语从句，缺少主语，用连接代词，根据意思可知是人获奖，因为需要做主语，故填whoever。6.（2017北京）26. Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing _she was heading.6.where 考查宾语从句。Jane漫无目的地走在
43、两旁栽着树的街道上，不知道她将去往何方，根据语境可知此处是表地点的，故填where。7.（2017江苏）26. We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _ it used to charge.7.what 考查宾语从句。我们选择这家宾馆是因为一晚上的住宿费降到了20美元，这是该宾馆过去要价的一半。 “half of _ it used to charge”是$20的同位语，即原来价格的一半是现在的$20；另外，of是宾语从句；宾语从句中的charge后面缺少宾语，所以用wha
44、t来引导宾语从句，并充当宾语从句中的宾语，故填what。8.（2017天津）4. She asked me _ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadnt.8.whether考查宾语从句。他问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了，我承认。我还没有还。根据句意填whether。9(2016浙江6月)I made up my mind I would find out_ was good in my present situation.9What考查宾语从句。我决心我要找出我现在处境的好处。宾语从句缺少主语，故填w
45、hat。10(2016江苏)It is often the case _anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.10that考查主语从句的引导词。通常情况下，对于那些坚持希望的人来说，一切皆有可能。本句中的it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的名词性从句，从句结构完整，不缺成分，故要用that引导。11.（2018北京）11. Without his support, we wouldnt be _ we are now.11. where或what考查表语从句。没有他的支持，我们是不会在现在这个位置的或不会是现在的我们。结合句子的意思
46、可知，该处指我们所处的位置或现在的我们，故填where或what。12. （2018北京）15. This is _ my father has taught meto always face difficulties and hope for the best.12.what考查名词性从句。这是我父亲教我的总是要面对困难，抱最大的希望。“_ my father has taught me”是表语从句，该空在从句中做teach的宾语，且表示“父亲教我的道理”，故填what。13.（2018天津）9. The gold medal will be awarded _to wins the fir
47、st place in the bicycle race.13.whoever考查名词性从句连接词。无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。分析句子可知，宾语从句中缺少主语，故填whoever。14(2017北京高考)Every year, _ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival答案：whoever句意：每年，在风筝节上，制作出最漂亮的风筝的人会赢得一份奖品。设空处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，且表示“无论谁”，故填whoever。15(2017天津高考)She asked me _ I ha
48、d returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadnt答案：whether/if句意：她问我是否已经把书还给图书馆，我承认我还没有归还。设空处引导的是宾语从句，根据句意可知，该宾语从句要用whether/if引导，表“是否”。II单句改错1(2018全国卷)But sometimes were not aware what cheaply we can make this food ourselves_答案：whathow句意：但是有的时候我们意识不到我们自己可以使得这种食物多么地便宜。此处修饰cheaply。用副词ho
49、w。2(2018全国卷)The general rule is what mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people_答案：whatthat句意：通常的规则是气候温暖的地区语言种类少，而说这些语言的人人数较多。that引导表语从句，在从句中不作任何成分，而what作主语，宾语或者表语。本句不缺少成分，故将what改为that。3(2018全国卷)Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whenever is ahead of you f
50、or the day_答案：wheneverwhatever句意：锻炼使得你更加清醒并且随时做好处理你所面临的困难的准备。handle后面的宾语从句中缺少主语，而whenever作时间状语，故将whenever改为whatever。 4(2018全国卷)That is only evidence which traditions once existed_答案：whichthat句意：这是唯一的证据证明传统曾经存在过。that引导同位语从句，介绍前面的evidence的内容。5(2018北京高考)Its hard to predict why driverless cars will be e
51、verywhere on our roads_答案：whywhen句意：很难预测什么时候无人驾驶汽车会行驶在我们的道路上。when引导宾语从句，作时间状语。6(2016全国卷)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live_答案：thatwhere句意：我的叔叔是我住处附近的一家餐馆的老板。宾语从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导。7Its no longer a question now that man can land on the moon_答案：thatwhether句意：现在，人类是否能登上月球已经不再是一个问
52、题了。句中it作形式主语，真正的主语是whether引导的从句。8The real reason why I dont have a hobby is because I dont have time_答案：becausethat句意：我没有爱好的真正的原因是我没时间。表语从句中不缺少成分，并且句意完整，因此应用that。The reason why is that “的原因是”。9The news they had won the game soon spread over the whole country _答案：news后加that句意：他们赢得比赛的消息很快就传遍了全国。that引导同位语从句，解释前面的news 的内容，that不能省略。10The organizers promise who wins the first prize a chance to go abroad _答案：whowhoever句意：组织者承诺无论谁获得一等奖都会有出国的机会。在题干中，promise后面跟的是一个宾语从句，who指具体的“谁”，与题意不符；whoever是“无论谁”之意，相当于anyone who，可引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，与题意相符。