1、题型组合练(五).阅读理解AWhilemost4yearoldsaremakingmudpiesorsellinglemonade，AustinPerineofBirmingham，Alabamadecidedtogoonestepfurther.Withhisredcape(披肩) coveringhisshoulders，AustinPerinefeedsthehungryandhomelesspopulationthroughoutthecityinaneffortto“showlove”tothosewhoneed“foodandsmiles”“Showlove”，accordingt
2、oAustin，hasbecomehissuperheromotto.Hissuperheroname？PresidentAustin，ofcourse.Austinsfather，TJPerine，toldCNNthatAustinhasalwaysbeencompassionate(有同情心的)，asheactslikea“littledad”forhisbrother，Taylor.However，itwasntuntilAustinlearnedthatpeopleareexperiencinghomelessnessthathedecidedtosharewhathehaswitht
3、herestofhiscommunity.TJnotedthatAustinsfirstknowledgeabouthomelessnesscameafterwatchinganaturedocumentaryaboutababypandaontelevision.“AustinandIwerewatchingananimalshowandtherewasamotherpandathatwasleavingherbaby，”TJsaid.“Austinbegantogetconcerned，andItoldhimthatthebabypandawouldbehomeless.”Tobetter
4、teachhissonabouthomelessness，TJtooktheyoungboytothecityshelter，atwhichpointAustinasked，“Canwefeedthem？”Inresponse，TJtookAustintoBurgerKingwhereheenthusiasticallyvolunteeredtopayforthechickensandwichesusinghisweeklypocketmoney，therebygivingupnewtoysthatweek.Austinandhisfatherhaveplanstoexpandtheircom
5、munityoutreacheffortssotheycanalsofighthomelessnessatitsroots.TheyhavealsostartedaGoFundMeaspartoftheirShowLoveFoundation.“Wevegottenalotofsupportfromthecountry，andwhatwewanttodoisexpandanddofrommorethanjustgivingoutsandwiches，”TJtoldCNN，sayingthat，finally，heandAustinhopetobuildaservicecenterthatdea
6、lswiththemanycausesandsymptomsofhomelessness.“Mentalillness，drugabuse，addiction，andthingslikethat，”hesaid.“AustinandIwanttobuildaservicecenterandgetsomespecialistsintherethatcanactuallyhelpthesepeoplegetbackintotheworkforce.”语篇解读本文是记叙文。文章讲述了一个来自美国阿拉巴马州，自称是“奥斯汀总统”的四岁小男孩奥斯汀的爱心故事。1WhatcanweknowaboutAus
7、tinfromthefirstparagraph?AHehassympathyforthehomeless.BHelikeswatchingsuperheromovies.CHeusedtoenjoymakingmudpiesbest.DHefrequentlymakeslemonadeforthepoor.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Withhisredcape(披肩) coveringhisshoulders，AustinPerinefeedsthehungryandhomelesspopulationthroughoutthecityinanefforttoshowloveto
8、thosewhoneedfoodandsmiles”可知，奥斯汀同情无家可归的人。2WhatdidAustindoinBurgerKing?AHeboughtnewtoysforhisbrother.BHeatechickensandwicheswithTJ.CHevisitedthehomelessbabypanda.DHeuseduphispocketmoneyforcharity.答案D解析推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“Austinasked，Canwefeedthem？.heenthusiasticallyvolunteeredtopayforthechickensandwiches
9、usinghisweeklypocketmoney，therebygivingupnewtoysthatweek.”可推知，奥斯汀把他那周本来买玩具的零花钱全部拿出来买了三明治，送给了那些无家可归的人们。3WhatdoTJandAustinintendtodo?ASetupanotherGoFundMe.BWinsupportfromthegovernment.CHelpthehomelessbecomeemployed.DGiveoutmoresandwichestothepoor.答案C解析细节理解题。根据最后一段TJ所说的话可知，奥斯汀和他的父亲打算成立一个机构，请专家帮助无家可归的人重
10、回职场。BThehighsocialcognitive(认知的) skillsofhorsestowardshumansmightpartiallyexplainwhyhumansandhorseshaveacollaborative(合作的) relationshiptoday.However，thescientificevidenceforthisabilityisstillscarce(不足的)Inthisstudy，scientistsfocusedonhorsessocialcognitiveskillswithhumansinaproblemsolvingsituationwher
11、efoodwashiddeninaplaceaccessibleonlytohumans.Forthefirstexperiment，anassistantexperimenterhidcarrotsinacontainerwhichthehorsecouldnotreach.Theresearchersobservedwhetherandhowthehorsesentsignalstothecaretakerwhenthecaretaker(unawareofthesituation) arrived.Thehorsestayednearthecaretakerandlookedat，tou
12、chedandpushedthecaretaker.Thesebehaviorsoccurredoverasignificantlylongerperiodcomparedtocasesinwhichtheycarriedouttheexperimentwithouthidingthefood.Theresultsshowedthatwhenhorsescannothandleproblemsbythemselves，theysendsignalstohumansbothvisuallyandphysically.Buildingontheseresults，forthesecondexper
13、imenttheytestedwhetherthehorsesbehaviorchangedinothersituationsandthefindingswereasfollows：Thehorsesgavemoresignalsifthecaretakerhadntwatchedthefoodbeinghiddenthanifthecaretakerhad，suggestingthathorsescanchangetheirbehaviorinresponsetotheknowledgelevelsofhumans.Thesetwoexperimentsshowedsomebehaviors
14、areusedbyhorsestocommunicatedemandstohumans.Theyalsosuggestedthathorsespossesshighcognitiveskillsthatenablethemtoflexiblyaltertheirbehaviortowardshumansaccordingtohumansknowledgestate.Thishighsocialcognitiveabilitymayhavebeenacquiredduringthedomesticationprocess.Inordertoidentifythecharacteristictha
15、tenableshorsestoformclosebondswithhumans，infutureresearchtheteamaimstocomparecommunicationbetweenhorses，aswellaslookingmorecloselyatthesocialcognitiveabilityofhorsesintheircommunicationwithhumans.语篇解读本文是说明文。作为最早被人类驯化的动物之一，马是人类的重要伙伴和好朋友，在人类的发展史上发挥了重要作用。在被人类驯化的过程中，马逐渐形成了自己与人类共处的高度的社会认知能力，研究人员也通过实验证明了这
16、一点。4Howisthesecondparagraphmainlydeveloped?AByinferringsomethingfromfacts.BBydescribingdetails.CByanalyzingcauses.DByexaminingdifferences.答案B解析写作手法题。根据第二段对实验过程的描述可知，该段主要对实验的细节进行了描写。故选B。5Whichofthefollowingaffectedthehorsesbehaviorinthestudy?AThenumberofcarrots.BThecolorandsizeofthecontainer.CThephys
17、icalappearanceofthecaretaker.DThecaretakersknowledgeofthehiddenfood.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，饲养员是否看见食物被藏起来，对马的行为产生了影响。故选D。6Whatdoestheunderlinedword“alter”inParagraph4mean?AChange.BControl.CDevelop.DFollow.答案A解析词义猜测题。根据该词所在句的语境可知，此处表示“这两个实验还表明马有很高的认知技能，能够让它们根据人们的认知状态灵活改变它们对人类的行为”。第三段中的“whetherthehorsesb
18、ehaviorchangedinothersituations”中的changed也是提示。alter意为“改变”。CAskamaninthestreetwhateducationisfor，andanimmediateresponsemightbe“forequippingyoungpeoplewiththeskillstogetajob”Well，yes，butiseducationnotaboutalotmorethanthat?Indeed，IwouldarguethatitisbecauseourBritisheducationholdsahigherideal(理想)equippi
19、ngyoungpeoplewithselfconfidenceandanunderstandingoftheworldaroundthemthatitisboominginternationally.YetIbelievethatwhatmakesoureducationgreatisbeingthreatenedbytheeverincreasingfocusonteachingtothetest.Thefocushasarisenbecauseonlybytestingchildrencanweknowwhatprogresstheyhavemade.Itsaparadox(自相矛盾)，s
20、incethecurriculumchangesthataretakingeffectweredesignedtowidenyoungpeoplesknowledgeoftheworldaroundthem.Butpleasedonotmisunderstandme.Iamnotsuggestingthattestsshouldbewithdrawn.Iamsayingthatschoolsneedtohavetheconfidencetoaimmuchhigherandwiderthanteachingtothetest.Theyshouldputarichlearningexperienc
21、eforstudentsfirst；thetestshouldbeusedtovalidate(证实) learning，notanendinitself.Teacherscount.Agoodmanysubjectteachersknowtheirdepartmentshavebeenshortchangingtheirstudents，buttheylacktheselfconfidenceandsupporttomoveawayfromteachingtothetest.So，whatisthesecrettogettingbackontrack？Whatgoodschoolshavek
22、nownallalongisthatastaffroomfullofteacherswithagoodknowledgeofwhattheyareteaching，togetherwithapassionandskillforcommunicatingit，liesattheheartofthebesteducation.Teachersinsistenceonputtingtheirloveofsubjectsfirstwillproducemoreengaged(参与) students.Andwithmoreengagedstudentsoftencomebetterexaminatio
23、nresults，greaterselfconfidenceandsoon.Schoolsshouldalsofindtheselfconfidencetoputafocusoninspiringteacherswhoarekeentobroadenwhattheyteach.Inthisway，Ibelieveeducationalachievementwillimprove.语篇解读这是一篇议论文。文章通过对教育目的的探讨告诉我们，学校应拓宽其教学内容并设定更高更广泛的教育目标。7Whichbelongstothepurposeofeducationaccordingtotheauthor
24、?AHelpingyoungpeopletohaveajob.BPreparingstudentsforallkindsoftests.CMakingyoungpeoplebehaveconfidently.DEnablingyoungpeopletosucceedinlife.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“ourBritisheducationholdsahigherideal(理想)equippingyoungpeoplewithselfconfidenceandanunderstandingoftheworldaroundthem”可知，在作者看来，教育的目的在于让年轻人拥有自信
25、并了解周围的世界。故选C。8Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftestsatpresent?AFormalandcompetitive.BNecessarybutimperfect.CStandardbutworthless.DImportantandfunctional.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第三段中的“YetIbelievethat.whatprogresstheyhavemade.”可知，应试教育的现状令作者担忧，而考试又是有必要的，因为考试能反映学生的进步情况；根据第四段中的“Iamnotsuggestingthattestsshouldbewithdrawn.”和“
26、schoolsneedtohavetheconfidenceto.notanendinitself”可知，作者并没有建议取消考试，而是说学校应勇于追求比考试更广泛的教育目标，考试本身不是教育的目的，而应被作为验证学习成果的方式。由此可推知，在作者看来，当下的考试必不可少但有一定的缺陷。故选B。9Whatshouldteachersdotofacethechallengeaccordingtotheauthor?AArrangeinterestingclassestostudentstaste.BTrainstudentsaccordingtonewteachingstandards.CEnco
27、uragestudentstoexpresstheirloveforsubjects.DFeelconfidenttocareaboutmorethanexaminations.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第五段中的内容可知，虽然很多教师自己也知道学生被“亏待”了，但他们缺乏自信和支持来摆脱应试教育；而作者认为教师将自己对学科的热爱放在首位能让学生的参与度更高，从而促成好的结果，比如更好的考试成绩、学生更自信等。由此可推知，作者认为教师的关注不应仅限于考试。故选D。10Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?AWhatIstheFutureofBritishEducatio
28、n?BWhatIstheTruePurposeofBritishEducation?CSchoolsMustAimHigherthanTeachingtotheTestDSchoolsShouldWithdrawTestsfortheSakeofStudents答案C解析标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，本文由“教育的目的是什么”开篇，进而论述了学校应拓宽其教学内容并设定更高更广泛的教育目的，而不仅仅注重考试。故C项作本文标题最佳。.七选五Itsverycommonthesedaysforpeopletotakesomesortofregularexerciseeachweek.Butifyouven
29、everdoneitbefore，whatsthebestwaytogoaboutit？11Heorshewillcreateapersonalizedplanforyoubasedonyouraims.However，eachhourlysessioncanbesteepconsideringyouhavetopayboththepersonaltrainerandmembershipofthegym，too.Sowhatsleft？Well，ifyouhavethecouragetodoit，youcanmakeyourownplan.Itsrelativelyeasytodoifyouh
30、avetheknowhow.12First，keepyourfitnessgoalinmind.Areyoulookingtoslimdownorincreaseyourabilities？Whateveritis，makesurethethingsyouchoosetodoareachievingthatgoal.Next，doyourresearch.13Watchasmanyoftheseaspossible，butmakesuretobealittlecriticalofthemeveryonehasadifferentphysiqueandwhatworksforonemaynotw
31、orkforanother.Finally，keepyourfeetontheground.14Ittakesatleastthreemonthstoseeanyrealisticbodychanges.Anddontbeoverzealous(过度热衷的)neverworkinpainagoodworkoutisdifficultandchallenging，butneverpainful.Painmeansyouaredamagingyourself.Ifnothingelse，focusoncalisthenics(健身操)15Doasmanyofoneexerciseasyoucanw
32、ithoutstopping，andthentryandrepeatthatnumbertwicemoremakesureyousweat，anddontforgettorestforaminuteinbetweeneachactivity!ABepatientwithyourselfandsetrealisticgoals.BButbeforeyoudo，herearesomebasicpointers.CWell，manypeoplemakeuseofapersonaltrainer.DTheyjustdontwanttodesigntheirownworkoutplan.ETheseda
33、ys，socialmediaisfulloffitnessvideosandadvice.FFindawaytomakeeachexercisemoredifficultasyougetinshape.GThesearethebasicbodymovementswhicheveryonecandoanywhere.语篇解读本文是说明文。如果你想设计一套适合自己的锻炼计划，却没有足够的资金雇用私人教练，该怎么办呢？本文将教给大家几个自主健身的小贴士。11答案C解析结合上文中的“whatsthebestwaytogoaboutit”和下文中的“Heorshewillcreateapersonali
34、zedplanforyoubasedonyouraims.”可知，C项“许多人会请私人教练”符合语境，在文中起承上启下的作用。12答案B解析结合上文中的“Itsrelativelyeasytodoifyouhavetheknowhow.”和下文的几点小贴士可知，B项“但是在你做之前，这里有一些基本的建议”符合语境，在文中起承上启下的作用。13答案E解析根据下文中的“Watchasmanyoftheseaspossible”可知，E项“现在的社交网站上有很多健身的视频和建议”符合语境。14答案A解析结合上文中的“keepyourfeetontheground”和下文中的“Ittakesatleastthreemonthstoseeanyrealisticbodychanges.”可知，A项“对自己要有耐心，同时要制定切实可行的目标”符合语境。15答案G解析根据上文中的calisthenics可知，G项“这些是任何人在任何地方都可以做的基本的肢体动作”符合语境，是对calisthenics的解释和说明。8