1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家第二讲代词和介词语法项目(一)代词考纲解读定方向 近几年高考对代词的考查主要集中在代词的基本用法上，因此这类试题一般较为简单。语法填空侧重对替代词及it用法的考查。考生在解题时要根据语境、句意判断人称和数；应仔细阅读上下文，根据代词具体指代的对象和句中充当的成分，确定代词的格。未来高考对代词的考查将继续侧重代词的基本用法，并会加强语境的真实性和复杂性。如何确定填代词思考趋向1当句中缺少主语或宾语时，一般要填代词，主要包括人称代词、替代词、不定代词以及it。2当所给提示词为代词时，人称代词需考虑变为宾格、变为物主代词、变为反身代词以及it变为its等。典例感悟典例
2、1(2017浙江卷6月)“She thought I had hurt _ (I)，”says Pahlsson.解析：myself根据句意可知，此处表示“她以为我伤到我自己了”，应用I的反身代词，故填myself。典例2(2015全国卷)A few hours before，Id been at home in Hong Kong，with _ (it) choking smog.解析：its空后为名词词组choking smog，设空处作其定语，故应填形容词性物主代词its。句意为：几个小时前我还在香港的家中，呼吸着那里令人窒息的烟雾。典例3(辽宁卷)Raise your leg and
3、let _ stay in the air for seconds.解析：it根据语境可知let的宾语为前文提及的your leg，故用it替代，以避免重复。句意为：抬起你的一条腿并让它悬空几秒钟。典例4(2019河南洛阳第一次统考)“As soon as he opens _ (he) mouth and sings in Chinese，the Chinese are very surprised and they feel proud of him，”said his music teacher.解析：his考查代词。根据语境mouth和主语he可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词his修饰名
4、词mouth，在句中作定语。代词的解题技法根据所作成分确定代词实例体验1(2019济南实验中学期末)A friend of _ (I) complained all the way while she was walking towards me.解析：mine空处作介词of的宾语，故用名词性物主代词，表示“我的一个朋友”。2(2020黄冈一模)Churchill suffered a severe hurt.But he amused _ (he)，writing that he couldnt understand why he was not broken like an eggshel
5、l.解析：himself动词amused后的宾语与该句主语所指的是同一个人，故用反身代词。3(2019福州市期末)At the end of the Qing Dynasty，after closed China came under the influence from abroad，many old hutongs lost _ (they) former neat arrangement.解析：their考查代词。根据空后的名词短语“former neat arrangement”可知，空处修饰该名词短语，故用形容词性物主代词。4(2020济南市模拟)I found a restaura
6、nt that sold dishes from Xian when I explored the area around _ (I) office one day.解析：my考查代词。修饰名词office应用形容词性物主代词my。5(2019合肥市质检二)It takes him and his partner only 15 seconds to form and shape it，but theyve devoted _ (they) to perfecting the skills for decades.解析：themselves考查代词。固定搭配devote oneself to
7、sth./doing sth.意为“某人致力于做某事”，故用反身代词themselves。6(2020福建调研)Yet publishers and bookstores report that more and more people throughout the United States are joining _(they)解析：them考查代词。join表示“成为的一员，加入”，是及物动词，后面应跟宾语，故填they的宾格形式them。重点强化人称代词、物主代词、反身代词的使用规则：人称代词主格I，you，he，she，it，we，you，they人称代词宾格me，you，him，h
8、er，it，us，you，them形容词性物主代词my，your，his，her，its，our，your，their名词性物主代词mine，yours，his，hers，its，ours，yours，theirs反身代词myself，yourself，himself，herself，itself，ourselves，yourselves，themselves根据所指对象确定代词实例体验1(2017全国卷)However，the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months，more than 25,000
9、 people were using _ every day.解析：it考查代词。use是及物动词，其后接宾语，此处很明显缺少代词。分析句意可知，此处用it指代上文提到的the railway。2(浙江卷)In many ways ，the education system in the US. is not very different from _ in the UK.解析：that考查代词。句意：在很多方面，美国的教育体制和英国的教育体制没有太大的差异。此处指代同类事物the education system，但并不是同一事物(名称相同，但内容不同)，故填代词that。3(2020皖南名
10、校联考)Understanding the cultural habits of another nation，especially _ containing as many different subcultures as the United States，is a complex task.解析：one这里整个句子的主语是“Understanding the cultural habits of another nation”，空处是nation的同位语，表示前面已经出现过的同种类的可数名词，且为泛指，故填one。4(2020郑州一中质检)His children are wellbeh
11、aved，while _ of his sister are rude.解析：those空后有介词短语修饰，表示特指。特指同名异物的复数可数名词the children，应用those。5(2020潍坊一模)I saw a beautiful fish in the market the other day.Im considering buying some orange and blue _tomorrow.解析：ones泛指前文提到的fish，且由some可知表示复数含义，故用ones表示。重点强化替代词：that，those，one，ones与itthat/those可以指代前面出现过
12、的不可数名词或单数可数名词，指代单数可数名词相当于the one。其复数形式为those，相当于the onesone/ones指代前面出现过的那类事物中的“一个”，其复数形式为onesit特指前面提到过的同一个人或者物根据语境确定不定代词实例体验1(重庆卷)The meeting will be held in September，but _ knows the date for sure.解析：nobody句意：会议将在9月份召开，但是没有人知道确切日期。根据题干中的but可知此处应该用表示否定意义的nobody。2(陕西卷)To warm himself，the sailor sat i
13、n front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the _.解析：other句意：为了使自己暖和，那个水手坐在炉火前面赤着脚互相摩擦。the other 两者中的另一个。3(四川卷)Niki is always full of ideas，but _ is useful to my knowledge.解析：none句意：Niki 总是会有很多想法。但是就我所知没有一个想法是有用的。本题考查代词。none(三者或三者以上)都不，都没。4(安徽卷)You can ask anyone for help._ here is willing to
14、lend you a hand.解析：Everyone/Everybody句意：你可以找任何人帮忙。这里的每一个人都愿意帮助你。根据上下文逻辑可知此处表示“这里的每个人”，故答案为Everyone或Everybody。由于系动词为is，故all(所有人)不符合。5(四川卷)Shed lived in London and Manchester，but she liked _ and moved to Cambridge.解析：neither句意：她在伦敦和曼彻斯特居住过，但是她不喜欢这两座城市，然后搬到剑桥了。由表示转折的连词but可知该空应该表示否定意思且指代London and Manch
15、ester，故答案为neither。重点强化1both，all，either，any，neither，none的使用规则都任何一个都不(全部否定)部分否定两者botheitherneithernotboth三者或三者以上allanynonenotall2.other(s)，the other(s)，another的使用规则the other，otherthe other可单独使用，特指两个人或物中的“另一个”，也可修饰名词，表示“另外的”；other不能单独使用，只能修饰名词，表示泛指意义another可单独使用，也可修饰名词，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，代替或修饰单数可数名词。
16、另外another后可接“基数词/few复数名词”形式，表示“另外的(多少)”others，the othersothers单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与some一起出现；特指“其他的全部人或事物”时用the others3.nobody/no one，nothing，none的使用规则指代用来回答相当于是否加of短语nobody /no one人whonot anyone not anybody否nothing物whatnot anything否none人或物how many how muchnot a/an/any名词或no名词是it的用法实例体验1(2017天津卷)
17、_was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.解析：It句意：就在我返回我的公寓的时候，我第一次见到我的新邻居。本题考查强调句型的结构，即：It is/was被强调成分that.，故填It。2(2016全国卷)On my recent visit，I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by _ (it) mother.解析：its考查代词。mother是名词，故此处填it的形容词性物主代词its。3(全国卷
18、)Whos that at the door?_ is the milkman.解析：It句意：门口的那个人是谁？是送牛奶的人。考查代词用法。it可用于明确身份，指某人。4(山东卷)Susan made _ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.解析：it句意：苏珊清楚地向我表明，她希望自己开始一种新生活。句中that she wished to make.是真正的宾语，空格处应为形式宾语，故用it。5(陕西卷)Id appreciate _ if you could let me know in advance
19、whether or not you will come.解析：it句意：假如你提前让我知道你是否会来，我将不胜感激。考查代词。Id appreciate it if.属于固定句式，表示“假如我将不胜感激”。重点强化替代词it的用法指代上文提到的某样东西用以代替指示代词this，that指不知性别的婴儿(baby)或身份不明确的人(由于某种原因而不知道对方是谁)指时间、距离、价值、天气、气候或温度it常用来代替不定式、动名词短语或名词性从句作形式主语或形式宾语而将真正的主语或宾语后置构成强调句型表示“喜欢，恨”等心理方面的动词后面跟从句时，要先接it，再接从句，这类动词有like，love，h
20、ate，dislike，appreciate等。it常用于一些固定搭配中，如it is no wonder that“难怪”；make it“获得成功；及时赶到”；when it comes to.“当说到”等。语法项目(二)介词考纲解读定方向高考对介词的考查主要集中在介词的基本用法及介词与其他词构成的固定短语的用法上。语法填空题对介词的考查形式为纯空格，即没有提示词，这对考生正确理解句意提出了较高的要求。因此，考生应在掌握介词基本用法的同时，注意总结和积累其与名词、形容词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意思和用法。如何确定介词思考趋向1若空格后是名词、代词或动名词，且它们在句中不是作主语、表语或动词
21、的宾语时，那么空格处一般是填介词。2看空格前的动词或形容词，若空格处能与之构成固定搭配，且空格后的成分又作宾语，那么空格处一般填介词。典例感悟典例1(2018全国卷)I was searching _ these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing.No one had seen them for hours，and my colleagues and I were worried.解析：for考查介词之固定搭配。search for寻找，为固定搭配。典例2(2017全国卷)After school she plans to tak
22、e a year off to model fulltime before going to university to get a degree _ engineering or architecture.解析：in解析：考查介词。degree 与介词in搭配，表示在某方面的学位。故填in。典例3(2016全国卷)Most of us are more focused _ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.解析：on考查介词。be focused on注意力集中于，为固定搭配。介词的解题技法掌握介词的基本意义，轻松应考
23、实例体验1(2018北京卷)Good morning，Mr.Lees office.Good morning.Id like to make an appointment _ next Wednesday afternoon.解析：for句意：早上好，这里是Lee先生的办公室。早上好，我想预约下周三下午的见面。本题考查介词的基本用法。appointment for.在此处表示“的预约”。2(2017全国卷)This trend，which was started by the medical community(医学界)_ a method of fighting heart disease，
24、has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight.解析：as此处表示“作为一种与心脏病作斗争的方法”，故填as“作为”。3(2017北京卷)Many people who live along the coast make a living _ fishing industry.解析：in句意：很多居住在沿海的人都以捕鱼业谋生。本题考查介词。in表示“从事或影响某种工作”，符合语境。4(
25、2017天津卷)When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California，you will be _ trees that are over 1,000 years old.解析：among句意：当你开车穿越加利福尼亚州的红杉林时，你会置身于寿命超过一千年的树木之中。设空处应该用介词表示“在三者或三者以上之中”，故用among。5(2016全国卷)Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India，for example，most people traditionally eat _ t
26、heir hands.解析：withwith用(工具)，符合句意。6(2016浙江卷)The study suggests that the cultures we grow up _ influence the basic processes by which we see the world around us.解析：in句意：这项研究表明我们成长的文化影响我们看待周围世界的基本环节。本句采用定语从句的形式考查介词。“we grow up _”为定语从句，先行词为 the cultures，将先行词代入定语从句后为：We grow up _ the cultures.故设空处填介词in。7
27、(重庆卷)Last year was the warmest year on record，with global temperature 0.68 _ the average.解析：above句意：去年是有记录以来最温暖的一年，全球气温超过了平均气温0.68摄氏度。根据语境可知此处表示“在之上，高于”，所以要用介词above。8(安徽卷)They believe that there are transport developments _ the corner that will bring a lot of changes for the better.解析：around句意：他们相信交
28、通的发展就要到来了，这将会带来很多更好的变化。around the corner就要到来。9(福建卷)A common memory they all have _ their schooldays is the school uniform.解析：of句意：他们对于他们学生时代的共同记忆是校服。本句包含一个定语从句“they all have _their schooldays”，将先行词memory代入定语从句后为：They all have a common memory _ their schooldays.由此可见设空处填 of。10(江西卷)It is unbelievable t
29、hat Mr.Lucas leads a simple life _ his great wealth.解析：despite句意：令人难以置信的是，尽管很富有，Lucas先生过着简朴的生活。despite尽管。重点强化一、几组常见介词的用法辨析1表示时间的at，on和inat表示某个时间点、时刻等on表示在具体的日子或具体的某一天的上午、下午、晚上等in表示在某段较长的时间内(如世纪、年代、月份等)或泛指上午、下午、晚上等2.表示时间的in和afterin表示“在时间之内/之后”，所在的句中必须表示将来after表示“在时间之后”，通常“after时间段”与过去时连用，“after时间点”与将
30、来时连用3.表示方位的through，across和over意义短语through表示“从的内部穿过”through the forest从森林穿过across表示“从表面穿过”across the desert穿过沙漠over表示“从的上面越过”jump over the fence跨过篱笆墙4.表示交通方式的by，on和in意义短语by后可直接跟涉及和不涉及交通工具的名词，名词前不加冠词by sea，by air，by car，by trainon/in后跟交通工具时，名词前应有冠词，物主代词、指示代词等修饰语on ones bike，in ones car5.表示“用”的by，in，wi
31、thby指“靠手段，用方法，凭借”，后可接名词、代词或动名词in多用于表示语言、材料的名词前with多用于表示工具或身体器官的名词前6.表示“除之外”的besides和exceptbesides表示“除之外还”except表示“除之外”二、其他常考的介词介词意义/用法with(表示状态)具有，带有(表示伴随)随着(表示原因)由于，因为(表示关系)和一起构成with复合结构against(表示态度)反对(表示对比)以为背景(表示方位)倚靠着of表示“的”“ofn.”相当于形容词for“for时间段”表示“长达”despite尽管，虽然without如果没有beyond超出，超越介词用法不算难，固
32、定搭配记心间实例体验1(2018天津卷)Bob thought he couldnt go to the party because he had to write a report，but he went _ all.解析：after句意：由于得写一份报告，鲍勃原以为自己参加不了那场聚会了，但是他最后还是去参加了。本题考查介词短语。根据句意可知填after。after all还是，终究。2(2018江苏卷)Chinas soft power grows in line _ the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globa
33、lly.解析：with句意：中国软实力的增长是与全球对中国不断增长的欣赏和理解紧密相连的。考查介词短语。in line with为固定短语，意为：与紧密相连。3(2017天津卷)We offer an excellent education to our students._ return，we expect students to work hard.解析：In句意：我们向我们的学生提供优质的教育，作为回报，我们希望学生能够努力学习。考查介词。in return 意为“作为回报，作为报答”。4(2017江苏卷)Determining where we are in relation _ ou
34、r surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.解析：to句意：通过对比我们周围的环境来确定我们的位置仍然是我们生存的重要技能。本题考查介词短语。in relation to“相对某事物而言”，符合语境，故此处填to。5(2016浙江卷)That young man is honest，cooperative，always there when you need his help._ short，hes reliable.解析：In句意：那个年轻人诚实且有合作精神，当你需要他帮忙的时候，他总是在那儿。简言之，他是值得依赖的。
35、in short简言之。6(浙江卷)These comments came in response _ specific questions often asked by local newsmen.解析：to句意：对于当地新闻记者常常问起的特定问题，这些评论正好作出了回复。in response to作为对的回应。7(江苏卷)Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but _ Thomas Edison.解析：for句意：要不是Thomas Edison，许多现在让我们获益的东西都不会存在。根据句意和该句中的虚拟语
36、气可知答案为for。but for要不是。8(湖北卷)This meeting room is a nonsmoking area.I would like to warn you _advance that if you smoked here you would be fined.解析：in句意：这间会议室是无烟区。我想事先提醒你如果在这儿吸烟的话你会被罚款的。in advance提前，事先。9(福建卷)Our club is open to everyone regardless _ age，sex or educational background.解析：of句意：我们的俱乐部对所有人
37、开放，不分年龄、性别和教育背景。regardless of不管，不顾。10(浙江卷)Facing up to your problems instead _ running away from them is the best approach to working things out.解析：of句意：面对你的问题而不是逃避它们才是解决问题的最好办法。instead of而不是。重点强化再记常考的几类固定搭配1动词介词apply for 申请approve of同意belong to 属于 believe in 信仰come from 来自 come across 碰见depend on 依
38、靠 deal with 处理head for 前往 hunt for 寻找look into 调查 lead to 导致search for 寻找 set about 着手stick to 坚持 send for 派人去叫account for 说明的原因concentrate on 全神贯注于learn from 向学习operate on 给动手术meet with 偶然遇见；遭受pay for 为付款prepare for 为做准备suffer from 患病serve as 担任，充当refer to 查阅，参考；涉及；指的是2动词副词介词break away from 脱离catch
39、 up with 赶上put up with 忍受go on with 继续look forward to 盼望get close to 接近look out for 小心look down upon 看不起look around for 四处寻找go back to 回去，追溯到go in for 参加；从事；追求think highly of 对评价很高get along well with 与相处很好3动词名词介词pay attention to 注意take care of 照顾take advantage of 利用make use of 利用make fun of 嘲笑have t
40、rust in 信任catch sight of 瞥见get rid of 摆脱take part in 参加play a trick on 捉弄take pride in 为感到骄傲play a part in 在方面起作用show an interest in 对感兴趣have a talent/gift for 有的天赋have an effect on 对有影响keep an eye on 留意；密切注视play a joke on 开某人的玩笑have difficulty with 方面有困难shake hands with 与握手4动词oneself介词(bev.ed介词)ada
41、pt oneself to 适应accustom oneself to 适应apply oneself to 致力于addict oneself to 沉湎于abandon oneself to 沉溺于bury oneself in 埋头于busy oneself with 忙于devote oneself to 致力于，献身于5be形容词介词be good at 善于be familiar with 熟悉be fond of 喜欢，爱好be proud of 以自豪be afraid of 害怕be full of 充满be accustomed to 习惯于be used to 习惯于be
42、 related to 与有关be equal to 等于，能胜任be rich in 富含be late for 迟到be fit for 适合be similar to 与类似be angry with 对生气be absorbed in 专心于be curious about 对好奇be busy with sth. 忙于某事be content with 对满意be satisfied with 对满意be popular with sb. 受某人的欢迎be patient with sb. 对某人有耐心be tired of(be fed up with)对厌倦be tired fr
43、om 因感到疲劳be aware of 知道，意识到be absent from 缺席，未到场be different from 与不同be interested in 对感兴趣be surprised at 对感到惊讶be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格be ashamed of 对感到惭愧6介词名词at a loss 不知所措at peace 处于和平中at war 在战争中at work 在工作on fire 着火on sale 出售，打折on the way 在途中on account of 因为by accident/chance 偶然by air/plane 乘飞机
44、by coincidence 碰巧by hand 用手工by mistake 错误地by the day 按天算by nature 天生地in cash 用现金付款in depth 在深度上in detail 详细地in height 在高度上in length 在长度上in English 用英语in no time 立刻in no way 决不in place of 代替in addition to 另外in charge of 掌管in return 作为回报in spite of 尽管in exchange for 作为交换in favor of 支持，赞成in possession
45、of 拥有，占有in case of 万一；如果；假如in memory of 为了纪念in honour of 为向表示敬意on behalf of 代表at the beginning of 在的开始at the mercy of 在支配下；任由摆布on the decrease/increase 在减少/在增加at the cost of 以的代价at the risk of 冒的危险on exhibition/show 在展出on holiday/vacation 在度假on no account/condition 决不小题夯基练单句语法填空1(天津改编)The quality of
46、 education in this small school is better than _ in some larger schools.解析：thatthat指代可数名词单数或不可数名词，空处指代的quality为抽象不可数名词，故用that。2(北京改编)The park was full of people，enjoying _ in the sunshine.解析：themselves根据句意可知是公园里的人正在享受阳光，故用反身代词themselves。3(全国卷改编)Sarah made _ to the airport just in time to catch her p
47、lane this morning.解析：itmake it是固定用法，本题中意为“(尤指在困难的情况下)准时到达，赶上”，后可搭配介词to，再接表示地点的名词。4(四川改编)On my desk is a photo that my father took of _ when I was a baby.解析：me“that my father took of _”作定语修饰photo，that 在定语从句中作took的宾语，根据短语take a photo of sb.“为某人照相”判断用代词me。5(江西改编)My brother would like to buy a good watc
48、h but _ was available from that shop.解析：nonenone意为“没有一个”，可以指代人或者物，在句中作主语。6(湖南改编)I knew that _ would ever discourage him；he would never give up wanting to be a director.解析：nothingnothing意为“没有任何东西/事情”。7(浙江改编)Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes _ animals both on land and sea?解析：to be home t
49、o sth.是固定搭配，意为“的家园/栖息地”。8(陕西改编)The Scottish girl _ blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.解析：with句意：在第五届汉语演讲比赛中，那位有着一双蓝色眼睛的苏格兰姑娘获得了一等奖。with表示“具有”。9(北京改编)Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves _ half an hour.解析：in“in一段时间”表示将来，由句意可知，火车并没有开走，故用in。10(安徽改编)B
50、efore you pay a visit to a place of interest，look in your local library _ a book about it.解析：forlook for意为“寻找”。大题提能练语法填空代词专练(用适当的代词填空)My name is Li Kang.Today is my first day at Senior High school and Im writing down my thoughts about 1._.2_ new school is very good and the classrooms are amazing.Eve
51、ry room has a computer with a special screen，almost as big as a cinema screen.The teacher is a very enthusiastic woman called Ms Shen，whose method of teaching is nothing like 3._ of the teachers at my Junior High school.4._ thinks that reading comprehension is important，but 5._ should speak a lot in
52、 class.I dont think I will be bored in Ms Shens class!Today we introduced 6._ to each other in groups.7._ were embarrassed at first but everyone was very friendly and 8._ was really nice.Ms Shen gave 9._ instructions and then we worked by ourselves.Shen wants to help us improve our spelling and hand
53、writing with spelling games and other activities.10._ of us like her attitude very much.语篇解读 本文的作者是一名高中新生，讲述了他上高中第一天的见闻。1解析：it考查it的用法。空处作介词about 的宾语，指代前面的my first day at Senior High school，故用it。2解析：My考查形容词性物主代词。从前文可知作者在谈“我的”新学校，形容词性物主代词在名词new school前作定语。故填My。3解析：that考查指示代词。此处指代前文出现过的method of teachi
54、ng，用that。4解析：She考查人称代词。作主语要用主格人称代词，指代Ms Shen，用She。5解析：we考查人称代词。作主语用主格，在课堂上多说的应当是“我们”学生，故填we。6解析：ourselves考查反身代词。introduce oneself to sb.向某人做自我介绍。由主语we 可知，此处是“我们互相介绍我们自己”，故用ourselves。7解析：Some考查不定代词。根据常识，第一次见面“有些人”会难为情。8解析：it考查it的用法。此处替代前文的everyone was very friendly，用it。9解析：us考查人称代词。在及物动词后作宾语，用宾格，指“我们”，用us。give sb.instructions给某人指导。10解析：All考查不定代词。从前句和常识来看，应是“我们大家都”非常喜欢她的这种教学态度。故用不定代词all，注意首字母大写。- 16 - 版权所有高考资源网