1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家2015淄博市高考英语阅读理解一轮基础练习（3）答案环境保护类阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。An international business specialist group has announced that the move towards a green economy is becoming more urgent for emerging economies(新兴经济体)，especially South Africa.On Monday，Innovation Group announced that g
2、reen economic policies were becoming increasingly important on the global landscape and for emerging economies.According to Pule Mokoena，from Innovation Group，experts believe the adoption of these green policies will assist with“ailing(不景气的)economies”“The move to a green economy，such as the adoption
3、 of alternative energy solutions，should be adopted by economies and countries.”Mokoenas comments came as Greenpeace Africa called on the South African government to review its decision to include nuclear energy into the countrys energy plan.In order to avoid all energy crisis in the country，the_ener
4、gy_mix_had_to_be_diversified，including broadening energy carriers to include gas，nuclear，biomass，renewable(wind，solar and hydro)，as well as the efficient use of the existing resources，such as coal.For this reason，nuclear energy will account for 23 percent of South Africas energy needs，followed by co
5、al at 15 percent，hydro at six percent，gas six percent，turbines six percent and renewable energy 42 percent.However，Pule said there are other options for South Africas energy needs.“Too many companies are focusing on the costs of green policies，rather than focusing on the longterm benefits，”explained
6、 Mokoena.Nobel economics winner Joseph Stiglitz and the former World Bank chief economist agree with Mokoena and believe that the need to switch to green technology should be seen as an opportunity and not as a burden.When in South Africa earlier this year，Stiglitz said a switch to green technology
7、would stimulate demand for a range of goods and services，which would have a beneficial impact on the aftermath of the global recession. He urged policymakers not to be held back by shortterm perspectives.Innovation Group has already developed a reliable alternate energy solution，which the company be
8、lieves will change the landscape of this emerging market and other companies will follow suite and offer renewable energy solutions for emerging economies.“We are quickly becoming an industry leader in this space thanks to our inhouse expert knowledge on the various SWH technologies available and th
9、e application of our Business Process Outsourcing Solutions，which allow for the mass rollout of these technologies on a national scale.We are proud to be an active part of the solution to the current energy crisis and plan to become a major force in the drive towards sustainability and good environm
10、ental practice，”Pule said.【语篇解读】 像南非这样的新兴经济体经历了经济的快速发展之后会面临能源危机，而走绿色发展道路是唯一的出路。1Which of the following is the best title for this text?AAdvantages of Green EnergyBGreen Policies Vital for Emerging EconomiesCPotential Energy Crisis for Emerging EconomiesDHow to Develop Green Energy解析主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要
11、讲的是像南非这样的新兴经济体会在发展中遇到能源危机，因此走绿色发展道路显得很重要，政府应在这方面出台相应的政策。故B项作为本文的标题最合适。答案B2The underlined part “the energy mix had to be diversified”in Paragraph 5 implies _.Aenergy had to be classifiedBdifferent kinds of energy had to be mixedCa variety of energy had to be developed and usedDa mixture of various en
12、ergy was essential解析句意理解题。根据下文的“including broadening energy carriers to include gas，nuclear，biomass，renewable energy(wind，solar and hydro)，as well as the efficient use of the existing resources，such as coal”可判断，画线部分的含义为“要开发和利用不同种类的能源”。答案C3According to Pule Mokoena，_.Anuclear energy shouldnt be inclu
13、ded into energy plansBfocusing too much on the costs of green policies is shortsightedCgreen policies alone can solve the economic problems faced by South AfricaDgreen polices have nothing to do with the use of the existing resources like coal解析推理判断题。根据第八段中的“Too many companies are focusing on the co
14、sts of green policies，rather than focusing on the longterm benefits”可推断选B项。答案B4According to the text，the main reason for the adoption of green policies is that _.Athe existing resources are not efficiently usedBgreen energy costs less to developCgreen policies can solve the current energy crisisDgre
15、en technology will stimulate demand for a range of goods and services解析细节理解题。根据全文尤其是最后一段，为了解决目前的能源危机，为了保持可持续发展，政府必须采取这一政策。答案C阅读理解Even plant can run a fever, especially when theyre under attack by insects or disease. But unlike human, plants can have their temperature taken from 3, 000 feet away stra
16、ight up. A decade ago, adopting the infrared （红外线）scanning technology developed for military purposes and other satellites, physicist Stephen Paley came up with a quick way to take the temperature of crops to determine which ones are under stress. The goal was to let farmers precisely target pestici
17、de （杀虫剂）spraying rather than rain poison on a whole field, which invariably includes plants that dont have pest （害虫）problems.Even better, Paleys Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop problems before they became visible to the eye. Mounted on a plane flown at 3, 000 feet at night, an inf
18、rared scanner measured the heat emitted by crops. The data were transformed into a color-coded map showing where plants were running“fevers”. Farmers could then spot-spray, using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide than they otherwise would.The bad news is that Paleys company closed down in 1984, after
19、only three years. Farmers resisted the new technology and long - term backers were hard to find. But with the renewed concern about pesticides on produce, and refinements in infrared scanning, Paley hopes to get back into operation. Agriculture experts have no doubt the technology works. “This techn
20、ique can be used on 75 percent of agricultural land in the United States, ” says George Oerther of Texas A & M. Ray Jackson , who recently retired from the Department of Agriculture, thinks remote infrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade. But only ff Paley finds the financial
21、 backing which he failed to obtain 10 years ago.16Plants will emit an increased amount of heat when they are_.A. sprayed with pesticides B. facing an infrared scannerC. in poor physical condition D. exposed to excessive sun rays17In order to apply pesticide spraying precisely, we can use infrared sc
22、anning to_.A. estimate the damage to the crops B. measure the size of the affected areaC. draw a color-coded map D. locate the problem area18Farmers can save a considerable amount of pesticide by_.A. resorting to spot-spraying B. consulting infrared scanning expertsC. transforming poisoned rain D. d
23、etecting crop problems at an early stage19The application of infrared scanning technology to agriculture met with some difficulties _.A. the lack of official support B. its high costC. the lack of financial support D. its failure to help increase production20Infrared scanning technology may be broug
24、ht back into operation because of_.A. the desire of farmers to improve the quality of their produceB. growing concern about the excessive use of pesticides on cropsC. the forceful promotion by the Department of AgricultureD. full support from agricultural experts 全解全析4145 CDACB 本篇是一篇说明文，主要介绍了将原用于军事和
25、卫星的红外线扫描技术运用于农业的前景，人们为此所做出的努力及遇到的困难。16C。细节理解题。依据文章第二自然段第2行“an infrared scanner measured the heat emitted by cropsThe data were transformed into a color-coded map showing where plants were runningfevers”，说明植物在发“高烧”，也就是说，“身体状况”不佳时才会散发热，所以选项C符合题意。17D。推理判断题。本题要求判断使用红外线扫描技术的目的。依据文章第二自然段第4行“showing where
26、plants were running feversFarmers could then spot spray，”说明目的是确定有问题的区域，以使农民有针对性地喷杀虫剂。显然，选项D（确定有问题的地域）为最佳选项。18A。细节理解题。依据文章第二自然段最后一句“Farmers could then spot-spray, using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide than they otherwise would”（采取点喷，农民们可以节省平时用量的50至70的杀虫剂），选项A符合题意。19C。推理判断题。依据文章第三自然段的第1句“The bad news
27、is that Palelys company closed down in 1984，after only three yearsFarmers resisted the new technology and long-term backers were hard to find”，从中可以看出红外线扫描技术应用于农业遇到了一些问题，原因有两个：一是农民对新技术的抵制，二是难以找到长期赞助商。文章中还有一处明显的提示出现在最后一句：“But only if Palely finds the financial backing which he failed to obtain 10 year
28、s ago”从该句提供的信息同样可以反推出10年前的情形，所以选项C正确。20B。细节理解题。依据文章第三自然段第2行“But with the renewed concern about pesticide on produce, and refinements in infrared scanning，Palely hopes to get back into operation”，可知B项（出于对杀虫剂过度使用的担心）符合题意。Passage 4 Development of a widely accepted chronology for the arrival of humans h
29、as been equally difficult, and it was only with the development of optically stimulated luminescence dating that a human presence in Australia was confirmed at 53,000 to 60,000 years ago. Older dates for a human presence in Australia have now been shown to be erroneous . The importance of Australia
30、as a separate natural laboratory in which to test extinction theories lies in the fact that humans arrived there much earlier than they arrived in the other continental areas (the Americas and northern Eurasia) that experienced substantial megafaunal extinction. What Miller et al. have shown is that
31、 the extinction of Genyornis occurred simultaneously across southeastern Australia (indeed probably right across the continent) about 50,000 years ago. This is very close to the presently accepted time of arrival of humans in Australia. It was also a period of modest climate change, well before the
32、dramatic climatic fluctuations of the terminal Pleistocene. The data of Miller et al., therefore, support those who see human hunting rather than climate as causing the extinction of the megafauna. Genyornis was a ponderous bird, around 80 to 100 kg in weight, about twice as heavy as the living emu
33、and cassowary. It was an inhabitant of Australias inland plains and some coastal regions, but its legs were relatively short and thick, suggestion that it was a slower runner than the emu. Proponents of humancaused extinction suggest that it is just such characteristics that made the megafauna vulne
34、rable to human hunting. A new school of thought has recently established itself in the extinction debate. It advocates the idea that a combination of human impact and climate change was responsible for the extinction of the worlds megafauna. The new Genyornis data also weaken that argument, for the
35、following reason. Fifty thousand years ago, Australia was experiencing mild cooling; 11,000 to 12,000 years ago, the Americas were experiencing rapid warming. These disparate climatic conditions, all coincident with megafaunal extinction, suggest that whatever was happening with climate, it was bad
36、for the big animals. Under these conditions, the hybrid model becomes indistinguishable from the humancaused extinction model for the influence of climate becomes extremely weak, and only the arrival of humans is important in predicting extinction. 66. The last word “megafauna” in Paragraph 2 most p
37、robably means A birds. B plants. C big animals. D small animals. 67. Genyornis was vulnerable to human hunting because it was A a delicacy. B very weak. C very small in size. D clumsy. 68. How many models have been put forward for the extinction of Genyoris? A One. B Two. C Three. D Four. 69. That A
38、ustralia experienced mild cooling and the Americas rapid warming suggests that A the climatic conditions were unfit for Genyornis to live. B Genyornis were highly adaptable to different climatic conditions. C The two climatic conditions were both bad for Genyornis. D The climatic conditions had noth
39、ing to do with the extinction of Genyoris. 70. The selection is mainly about A the debate over the time of the human presence in Australia. B the relationship between the human presence and magafaunal extinction. C the relationship between human activities and climatic changes. D the debate over fac
40、tors causing megafaunal extinction.Passage 466. 【正确答案】 C big animals. 【本题考点】 词语释义题。 【试题精解】 考生如果有一定的构词法知识一眼就可看出该题的答案。 “mega”在英文中指 “big”；fauna指 “animals” ，显然C 为正确答案。考生如果没有这方面的知识，也可以利用上下文来判断。作者在提到megafauna后紧接着提到了Genyornis,在第三段开始对其进行了描述： “Genyornis was a ponderous bird, around 80 to 100kg in weight, abo
41、ut twice as heavy as the living emu and cassowary.” 足见其大。 【考点出处】 第二段末句，但对该词的推断却应联系上下文。67. 【正确答案】 D clumsy. 【本题考点】 细节判断题。 【试题精解】 第三段中指出 “it is such characteristics that made the megafauna vulnerable to human hunting” “such characteristics” 指的是其 “heavy, short and thick”, 即 “clumsy”。 【考点出处】 根据第三段第二句可知它
42、的腿短而粗，跑得慢，D 项clumsy“笨拙的”与句意一致。68. 【正确答案】 C Three. 【本题考点】 细节判断题。 【试题精解】 文中共提到了三种：（1）Human hunting;（2）Climate;（3）Human impact and climate change。 【考点出处】 第二、三、四段中。69. 【正确答案】 D The climatic conditions had nothing to do with the extinction of Genyoris. 【本题考点】 推理暗示题。 【试题精解】 澳大利亚经历了 “mild cooling”, 美洲经历了 “
43、rapid warming”, 而两个地方都出现了Genyornis的灭绝，说明气候对其灭绝并未产生什么影响。在文中最后一段作者也指出 “the influence of climate becomes extremely weak, and only the arrival of humans is important in predicting extinction.” 【考点出处】 第二段和第四段。70. 【正确答案】 D the debate over factors causing megafaunal extinction. 【本题考点】 主旨大意题。 【试题精解】 本文重点介绍了
44、造成“magafaunal extinction”的三种原因，所以D 为正确答案。 【考点出处】 考察对全文的理解能力，实际上从第三题的做答中我们就可得出解答该题的部分相关信息。核心词汇 1.chronologyn.年代学 2.luminescencen.发光 3.erroneousa.错误的 同义 false, incorrect, inexact 4.megafaunan.巨型动物 5.fluctuationn.变化 同义 oscillation, rolling 6.ponderousa.笨重的 同义 heavy, weighty, massive, bulky 7.cassowaryn
45、.食火鸡全文精译 澳洲古代巨鸟灭绝探因 要创建人类是何时到来的、且为人们所广为接受的年代表同样也是困难的。并且只有在光学模拟发光测定年代的方法发展起来后，人们才确定53，000年到60，000年前澳洲有了人类，现在已证明更久远的年代是错误的。 之所以把澳洲称为试验种族灭绝理论的天然实验室，其重要性在于（lie in）：人类到达这儿的年代要远远先于到达经历过巨型动物灭亡的其他大陆（如欧洲和欧亚大陆北部）的年代。Miller等人向我们说明，“巨鸟”于50，000年前在澳洲南部同时灭绝，这和人们普遍接受的人类到达澳洲大陆的时间相当接近。这也是气候温和的时期，随后很久才发生了更新世晚期灭绝性的气候剧变
46、。Miller的资料支撑了认为人类捕猎而非气候变化是巨兽灭绝的原因的观点。 “巨鸟”是远古时期一种巨型鸟类，重约80到100公斤，是鸸鹋和食火鸡的两倍重。它是澳洲内陆和沿海地区的动物，但它的腿相对短而粗，证明它不如鸸鹋跑得快。坚持人类导致这种鸟灭绝的人说，它们的这种特性使它们很容易受到（be vulnerable to .）捕杀。 在这一“灭绝争论”中，新的学派又建立了。他们赞成人类及气候因素结合导致（be responsible for .）了世界范围巨型动物的灭绝的观点。新的巨鸟资料也削弱了这种争论，原因如下：50，000年前，澳洲气候逐渐变冷；11，000到12，000年前，美洲气温迅速上升。这些完全相异的气候条件正好与巨鸟灭绝时期相吻合（be coincident with）。这说明，无论气候怎样变化，巨型动物还是难逃厄运。在这种情况下（under these conditions），这种结合两种说法的观点就变得与人类导致其灭绝的观点难以区别了。因为在他们看来，气候影响是那么微弱，只有人类的到来才预示了巨型动物的灭绝。- 9 - 版权所有高考资源网