1、课时作业31.阅读理解(2016天津高考)Failure is probably the most exhausting experience a person ever has. There is nothing more tiring than not succeeding.We experience this tiredness in two ways: as startup fatigue (疲惫) and performance fatigue. In the former case, we keep putting off a task because it is either t
2、oo boring or too difficult. And the longer we delay it, the more tired we feel.Such startup fatigue is very real, even if not actually physical, not something in our muscles and bones. The solution is obvious though perhaps not easy to apply: always handle the most difficult job first. Years ago, I
3、was asked to write 102 essays on the great ideas of some famous authors. Applying my own rule, I determined to write them in alphabetical order (按字母顺序), never letting myself leave out a tough idea. And I always started the days work with the difficult task of essaywriting. Experience proved that the
4、 rule works. Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle. Though willing to get started, we cannot seem to do the job right. Its difficulties appear so great that, however hard we work, we fail again and again. In such a situation, I work as hard as I canthen let the unconscious take over. When
5、planning Encyclopaedia Britannica (大英百科全书) , I had to create a table of contents based on the topics of its articles. Nothing like this had ever been done before, and day after day I kept coming up with solutions, but none of them worked. My fatigue became almost unbearable.One day, mentally exhaust
6、ed, I wrote down all the reasons why this problem could not be solved. I tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself, not with me. Relieved, I sat back in an easy chair and fell asleep.An hour later, I woke up suddenly with the solution clearly in mind. In the weeks that fo
7、llowed, the solution which had come up in my unconscious mind proved correct at every step. Though I worked as hard as before, I felt no fatigue. Success was now as exciting as failure had been depressing.Human beings, I believe, must try to succeed. Success, then, means never feeling tired.1People
8、with startup fatigue are most likely to _.Adelay tasksBwork hardCseek helpDaccept failure 2What does the author recommend doing to prevent startup fatigue?AWriting essays in strict order.BBuilding up physical strength.CLeaving out the toughest ideas. DDealing with the hardest task first.3On what occ
9、asion does a person probably suffer from performance fatigue?ABefore starting a difficult task.BWhen all the solutions fail.CIf the job is rather boring.DAfter finding a way out.4According to the author, the unconscious mind may help us _.Aignore mental problemsBget some nice sleepCgain complete rel
10、iefDfind the right solution5What could be the best title for the passage?ASuccess Is Built upon FailureBHow to Handle Performance FatigueCGetting over Fatigue: A Way to SuccessDFatigue: An Early Sign of Health Problems答案与解析本文是一篇说明文。一次次的失败会导致人们产生疲惫，只要克服这些疲惫，人们就会走向成功。文章主要介绍了两种疲惫及克服这些疲惫的方法。1A细节理解题。该题问的
11、是在开始阶段有疲惫感的人们的表现。根据第二段第二、三句可知，他们会推迟任务，A项与原文相符。故A项正确。2D细节理解题。该题问的是作者提议应如何阻止开始阶段的疲惫。根据第三段第二句可知，作者建议从最难的工作着手来阻止开始阶段的疲惫。故D项正确。3B细节理解题。该题问的是在什么场合人很容易产生执行疲惫。根据第五段第三句可知，当所有的努力都失败时，我们就很容易产生执行疲惫。故B项正确。4D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句可知，潜意识的思维也许会帮助我们找到正确的解决方案。故D项正确。5C标题概括题。通过对全文的理解可知，文章主要介绍了两种类型的疲惫以及人们可以采取的克服措施，故C项“克服疲惫：一条
12、通往成功的路”最能概括文章的主旨，适合做标题。故C项正确。.完形填空(2017开封、武邑、鹤壁、新乡、安阳联考)Youre surrounded by robots and you probably dont even know it. Most are not all that _1_ and they wont come up to you and speak like a friend._2_ youre unaware of them, they know youre there. Robots are monitoring _3_ in hospitals, providing ba
13、nking services, _4_ people from burning buildings and assisting astronauts in _5_. Robots are everywhere. Are robots _6_or deadly enemies? Robotic expert Hans Moravec says intelligent robots today are no smarter than the average insect. But, dont feel too _7_about that. For example, army ants in Sou
14、th America _8_ everything in their path when they go to warforests, crops, buildings, people.In case you _9_ dont care about our little mechanical friends, _10_ this: Robot technology is currently _11_ at a rate 10 million times faster than the evolution of _12_. Considering the advances in robot te
15、chnology during the upcoming years, Moravec says that robots must pass through four _13_ of development before they rule the planet. First robot technology must achieve the ability to _14_ as generalpurpose tools with software running at one million instructions per second (MIPS). Those robots will
16、have the _15_ of reptiles (爬行动物). Next, this happening into 2020, robots will have acquired brains capable of _16_ 300 million MIPS, which will give them the intelligence of smart mice. A hundred billion MIPS will be _17_sometime after 2030. By then robots will be provided by their_18_ (humankind) w
17、ith monkeylike brains. _19_， at the dawn of 2040, robots will _20_human intelligence and they will quickly surpass humans and challenge people for supremacy (至高无上) of the planet. 1A.slowBobvious Chuge Dvaluable2A.In caseBIf onlyCEven ifDAs if3A.researchersBscientists CpresidentsDpatients4A.rescuingB
18、forcingCsending Dcalling5A.studio Bspace Cdistance Dtown6A.servants Bleaders CcompetitorsDfriends7A.curiousBnervous CsafeDpleasant8A.destroy Bhide CsmellDvisit9A.alsoBstillCagainDseldom10A.considerBexplainCdeclare Dconclude11A.beginning BsellingCexploding Dreducing12A.farmers Btheories CsocietiesDan
19、imals13A.stations BgenerationsCresultsDexperiments14A.serveBstay CsettleDappear15A.weightBmemory CintelligenceDsense16A.recording BimprovingCdividingDprocessing17A.followedBreached Ccorrected Dloaded18A.neighbor BparentCcreatorDenemy19A.FinallyBLuckilyCSuddenly DRegularly20A.collect Bchange Cdiscove
20、r Dequal答案与解析随着科技的发展，机器人会越来越多地出现在我们的生活中。1B考查形容词。根据后面的“youre unaware of them, they know youre there.”可知，有些机器人并不显眼。A.slow“慢的”；B.obvious“明显的，显而易见的”；C.huge“大的”；D.valuable“有价值的”。故选B。2C考查连词。句意：即使你没有意识到他们，他们仍然就在你身边。故选C。A.In case“假使，万一”；B.If only“要是就好了”；C.Even if“即使，尽管”；D.As if“如同，好像”。故选C。3D考查名词。此处指机器人在医院里帮
21、助监视看管病人。A.researchers“研究者”；B.scientists“科学家”；C.presidents“总统，董事长”；D.patients“病人”。故选D。4A考查动词。根据后面的“from burning buildings”可知，此处指救援处在危险中的人。A.rescuing“救援”；B.forcing“强迫”；C.sending“运送”；D.calling“打电话”。故选A。5B考查名词。根据单词“astronauts”可知，机器人可以帮助在太空的宇航员。A.studio“录音棚”；B.space“太空，空间”；C.distance“距离”；D.town“城镇”。故选B。6
22、D考查名词。根据连词or后面的“deadly enemies”可知，此处是在询问“机器人会成为朋友呢还是敌人”。A.servants“仆人，佣人”；B.leaders“领导”；C.competitors“竞争者”；D.friends“朋友”。故选D。7C考查形容词。根据连词but可知，此处是说也不要感到太安全。A.curious“好奇的”；B.nervous“紧张的”；C.safe“安全的”；D.pleasant“愉悦的”。故选C。8A考查动词。这里是说蚂蚁大军会毁坏掉它们所途经路上的东西，包括树木、庄稼等。A.destroy“杀死，破坏”；B.hide“隐藏”；C.smell“闻”；D.vi
23、sit“拜访，参观”。故选A。9B考查副词。句意：如果你仍然不在乎我们的这些“机械的朋友”。A.also“也”；B.still“仍然”；C.again“再，又”；D.seldom“很少”。故选B。10A考查动词。指“考虑到这一点”。A.consider“考虑，认为”；B.explain“解释”；C.declare“宣布，申明”；D.conclude“得出结论”。故选A。11C考查动词。这里是说机器人科技的发展比一些动物的进化速度快好多倍。A.beginning“开始”；B.selling“卖”；C.exploding“爆炸，激增”；D.reducing“减少”。exploding是“激增，翻倍
24、”的意思。故选C。12D考查名词。根据“army ants in South America”可知，这里是说一些动物。A.farmers“农民”；B.theories“理论”；C.societies“社会”；D.animals“动物”。故选D。13B考查名词。此处指的是机器人一代一代的发展。A.stations“车站；位置”；B.generations“世代，一代代”；C.results“结果”；D.experiments“实验”。故选B。14A考查动词。serve as是固定搭配，“担任，起的作用”。此处指机器人首先要充当一种工具。A.serve“服役，服务，招待”；B.stay“呆，停留”
25、；C.settle“解决；定居”；D.appear“出现，露面”。故选A。15C考查名词。此处指那些机器人将会有爬行动物的智能。A.weight“重量”；B.memory“记忆”；C.intelligence“智力，智能”；D.sense“感觉，观念，道理”。故选C。16D考查动词。此处指“每秒加工处理百万条指令的能力”。A.recording“记录，记载”；B.improving“改善，增进；提高”；C.dividing“划分，除，分开”；D.processing“处理；加工”。故选D。17B考查动词。这里是说达到“每秒加工处理上亿条指令的能力”。A.followed“跟随，遵循，追求”；B
26、.reached“达到，影响，抵达”；C.corrected“改正；告诫”；D.loaded“使担负；装；填”。故选B。18C考查名词。人类是机器人的创造者。A.neighbor“邻居”；B.parent“父母”；C.creator“创造者”；D.enemy“敌人”。故选C。19A考查副词。根据前面说的过程可知，这是最后一步。A.Finally“最后，终于”；B.Luckily“幸运地是”；C.Suddenly“突然”；D.Regularly“有规律地，定期地”。故选A。20D考查动词。此处指机器人将会抵得上人类的智力。A.collect“收集”；B.change“改变”；C.discover
27、“发现”；D.equal“等于；比得上”。故选D。.语法填空(2017山师附中月考)According to the data from population reports and the statistics made by the World Bank, Japanese people in 2013 _1_ (live), on average, to 83 years old, and the country itself ranks _2_ the top five nations with the longest life expectancy (预期寿命)_3_ major c
28、ontributor to Japans high life expectancy and overall health is their diet, as determined by the countrys Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.According to a recent study _4_ (publish) by the BMJ, Japanese people _5_ kept on the traditional Japanese diet during the 15year study had a mortality rat
29、e (死亡率) 15% lower than those who did not. Further, those who _6_ keep were also _7_ (little) likely to suffer from some diseases.Japans Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare _8_ (break) the traditional Japanese diet down in their version of the food pyramid, called the “Japanese Food Guide Spinning
30、 Top”. Though the Japanese diet gives special _9_ (important) to high intakes of fish and soybean products instead of fats, it is _10_ (general) a balance of grains, vegetables, fish and meat, and milk and fruits. However, the guide also includes snacks, sweets, cakes and alcoholic drinks, which can
31、 be consumed in control, rather than completely rejected.答案与解析本文为说明文。根据世界银行的统计数字，日本人的平均寿命在世界上名列前五名，其原因是日本的传统饮食习惯。1lived根据本句中 in 2013可知本句需用一般过去时。2among/onrank 在这里为不及物动词，故设空处需为介词。among 意为“之一”。on the top 在之首。3A设空处后的 contributor 为可数名词，在本句中表示泛指，故与不定冠词连用。4published本题考查非谓语动词作定语。被修饰词 study 与 publish 为逻辑上的被动
32、关系且表示完成，故用过去分词形式作定语。5who/that本句中 Japanese people had a mortality rate 15% lower than those.为主句，“_5_ kept on the traditional Japanese diet during the 15year study”为定语从句，先行词为 Japanese people，关系词在定语从句中作主语，先行词指“人”，故答案为 who 或 that。6did本题考查强调。“who _6_ keep”为定语从句，根据上下文可知该从句谓语动词应为一般过去时，故设空处填 did。动词原形前加助动词表示
33、强调。7less句意：此外，那些真正保持日本传统饮食习惯的人们患一些疾病的可能性也更小。根据上句中 lower than 可推知本空也需用比较级形式。8breaks根据本段中的 gives (一般现在时)，可推知本空的时态也应该为一般现在时，主语“Japans Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare”为第三人称单数，故答案为 breaks。9importance此处需用名词形式作动词 gives 的宾语。10generally此处需用副词形式作“is”的状语。.短文改错(2017九江一中月考)Can you imagine someone steal yo
34、ur shoes? Well, thats exact what happened to a 18yearold student from Izumo. Nine boys come to him and forced him give them his shoes. The thief were young, about 14 to 15 years old. The shoes were Nike Air Max sneakers who are very popular with young people yet they were worth about $164. The boys
35、also injured her. This has happened to other middle school students. How a strange world it is!答案Can you imagine someone your shoes? Well, thats what happened to 18yearold student from Izumo. Nine boys to him and forced him give them his shoes. The were young, about 14 to 15 years old. The shoes were Nike Air Max sneakers are very popular with young people they were worth about $164. The boys also injured . This has happened to other middle school students. a strange world it is!