1、英语知识复习 拓展精练 （45）高考资源网高考资源网阅读理解(第一节20小题。第二节5小题；每小题2分，满分50分)第一节：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。AScientists have long understood the key role that oceans play in regulating the Earths climateOceans cover 70 percent of the globe and store a thousand times more heat than the atmosphere
2、 doesWhats newer is the understanding of how this key component of our climate system responds to global warmingA brake on global warmingfor nowOne of the oceans most important climate functions is absorbing heat and carbon dioxide （CO2）, one of the gases that cause global warmingActing as a heat sp
3、onge （海绵）, the oceans have absorbed huge amounts of heat and CO2 in the last forty yearsThe most recent scientific report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change （IPCC） alsonotes with concern that the ocean is acidifying because of increased absorption of atmospheric CO2, and thus causing
4、 a threat for shell-forming speciesSharp increases in carbon dioxide levels will cause further acidification of the oceanCurrents distributing heatAnother important role the oceans play is that of distributorOceans deliver heat and life-sustaining nutrients around the globeJust as blood vessels brin
5、g oxygen and nutrients to cells in the human body, the oceans currents carry oxygen, nutrients and heat throughout the EarthThe ocean distributes 25 to 50 percent of the energy the planet receives from the sunFor example, the Gulf Stream carries heat across the AtlanticThis warm current gives northw
6、estern Europe a milder climate than it would normally have so far northA change to the oceans circulation （循环） patterns could throw Europe into a colder period, even as the rest of world experiences warmer temperatures1We can infer from the passage that _Athe oceans cause global warming Bthe oceans
7、stop global warmingCthe oceans release nutrients and heat Dthe ocean ecosystems face more dangers2From the passage we can learn that the oceans currents _Aproduce oxygen and nutrients everywhereBabsorb 2550% of the energy from the sunCdistribute heat and nutrients aroundDchange the oceans circulatio
8、n patterns3Which of the following is NOT the result of the ocean absorbing heat and carbon dioxide?AIt causes further acidificationBIt affects shell-forming speciesCIt makes the atmosphere hotterDIt regulates the Earths climate4This passage mainly talks about _Athe roles of oceans Bglobal warmingCoc
9、ean currents Dcarbon dioxideBMaps and statistics can tell us a lot about where a country is headed. Take the US Census Bureaus latest findings on American cities. They show that for the first time since 1900, Detroit is not on the list of the Top 10 most populous US cities. In its place is San Jose,
10、 California.Its part of a pattern for the heavily industrialized cities, says Dana Johnson, an economist in Detroit. Theres been an ongoing dynamic (变化) here of people fleeing the city looking for better schools, better lifestyles, better services.Detroit is hardly alone. After World War II, the US
11、was the worlds leading manufacturer. Cars, televisions, toys, and clothing made in America were exported around the world. As a result, the well-paid factory workers formed the backbone of a rising middle class. In the last three decades, the US economy has changed. Companies have moved factories ov
12、erseas to take advantage of lower wages in Asia, Latin America, and Eastern Europe.Where are people who leave the northeast and midwest going? They are moving south and west, another broad trend. In general, people are moving to where its warmer, less expensive and less crowded, or where jobs are mo
13、re plentiful in growing service industries like health care, in the technology sector, or in factories that moved from the northeast or midwest.In a sense, the computer chips of San Jose, the new 10th largest city, in the heart of what is known as Silicon Valley, have replaced the sheet metal and mo
14、lten steel of Detroit as the symbol of American economic power.5The main difficulty that Detroit is now facing is _. Athe factory closings and huge job losses Bmany peoples moving to the south and westCthe poor quality of the automobile Dthe lack of the computer chips6Which of the following isnt the
15、 trend of the change?AThe decline of the manufacturing economy.BCompanies moving overseas.CThe end of the US cities development. DThe migration of Americans to the south and west.7Which of the following is not true about San Jose?AThe newly-listed 10th largest city.BThe heart of Silicon Valley.CThe
16、symbol of American economic power.DThe centre of the heavily industrialized cities. 8Which statement is not correct according to the passage?ADetroit has been on the list of the Top 10 most populous US cities for over a century.BPeople immigrate south and west to take advantage of lower wages there.
17、CThe US was an important exporting country in the middle of the last century.DThe US economy now is not as prosperous as 30 years ago.CRegistrars at most well-known colleges say they deal with deceitful claims like these at the rate of about one per week. Personnel officers do check up on degrees li
18、sted on application forms, then. If it turns out that an applicant is lying, most colleges are reluctant to accuse the applicant directly. One Ivy League school calls them impostors(骗子); another refers to them as special cases. One well-known West Coast school, in perhaps the most delicate phrase of
19、 all, says that these claims are made by no such people. To avoid outright(彻底的)lies, some job-seekers claim that they attending means being dismissed after one semester. It may be that being associated with a college means that the job-seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. One s
20、chool that keeps records of false claims says that the practice dates back at least to the turn of the centurythats when they began keeping records, anyhow. If you dont want to lie or even stretch the truth, there are companies that will sell you a phony diploma.One company, with offices in New York
21、 and on the West Coast, will put your name on a diploma from any number of nonexistent colleges. The price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from Smoot State University. The prices increase rapidly for a degree from the University of Purdue. As there is no Smoot State and the real school
22、 in Indiana is properly called Purdue University, the prices seem rather high for one sheet of paper.9. The main idea of this passage is that _ .A. employers are checking more closely on applicants nowB. lying about college degrees has become a widespread problemC. college degrees can now be purchas
23、ed easilyD. employers are no longer interested in college degrees10. We can infer from the passage that _ .A. performance is a better judge of ability than a college degreeB. experience is the best teacherC. past work histories influence personnel officers more than degrees doD. a degree from a famo
24、us school enables an applicant to gain advantage over others in job competition11. This passage implies that _ .A. buying a false degree is not moralB. personnel officers only consider applicants from famous schoolsC. most people lie on applications because they were dismissed from schoolD. society
25、should be greatly responsible for lying on applications12. The word phony (Line 13, Para. 2) means _ .A. thorough B. ultimate C. false D. decisiveDWhats your idea of a good time? What about dancing in a rainy field with one hundred and fifty thousand other people while a famous rock band plays on a
26、stage so far away that the performers look like ants?It may sound strange but that is what many hundreds of thousands of young people in the UK do every summerWhy? Because summer is the time for outdoor music festivalsHeld on a farm, the Glastonbury Festival is the most well-known and popular festiv
27、al in the UKIt began in 1970 and the first festival was attended by one thousand five hundred people each paying an admission price of 1 the ticket included free milk from the farmSince then the Glastonbury Festival has gone from strength to strength in 2004 one hundred and fifty thousand fans atten
28、ded, paying 112 each for a ticket to the three-day eventTickets for the event sold out within three hoursPerformers included superstars, such as Paul McCartney and James Brown, as well as new talent, like Franz Ferdinand and Joss StoneAlthough many summer festivals are run on a profit-making basis,
29、Glastonbury is a charity event, donating millions of pounds to local and international charitiesGlastonbury is not unique in using live music to raise money to fight global povertyIn July of this year, the Live 8 concerts were held simultaneously （同时） in London, Paris, Rome and BerlinSuperstars such
30、 as Madonna, Sir Elton John and Stevie Wonder performed in order to highlight international poverty and debt13What does the author mean by saying “the Glastonbury Festival has gone from strength to strength”?AThe festival has achieved growing successBGreat efforts have been made to hold the festival
31、CThe festival has brought in a large amount of moneyDThere have been thousands of fans attending the festival14Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?AThe Glastonbury Festival is run on a profit-making basisBTickets for the 2004 Glastonbury Festival were in great demand despite the
32、high priceCBoth James Brown and Joss Stone were born in poor familiesDIn the 1970 Glastonbury Festival, one could have lunch on the farm for free15We can learn from the last paragraph that _Athe Glastonbury Festival is not so popular as the Live 8 concertsBthe Live 8 concerts are held every year in
33、LondonCLondon, Paris, Rome and Berlin are famous for outdoor music festivalsDsome superstars are concerned about global poverty16What is the best title for the passage?AHow to have a good time BCharity events around the worldCThe Glastonbury Festival DSuperstars performances in charity eventsELead d
34、eposits, which accumulated in soil and snow during the 1960s and 70s, were primarily the result of leaded gasoline emissions originating in the United States. In the twenty years that the Clean Air Act has mandated unleaded gas use in the United States, the lead accumulation worldwide has decreased
35、significantly.A study published recently in the journal Nature shows that air-borne leaded gas emissions from the United States were the leading contributor to the high concentration of lead in the snow in Greenland. The new study is a result of the continued research led by Dr. Charles Boutron, an
36、expert on the impact of heavy metals on the environment at the National Center for Scientific Research in France. A study by Dr. Boutron published in 1991 showed that lead levels in arctic snow were declining.In his new study, Dr. Boutron found the ratios of the different forms of lead in the leaded
37、 gasoline used in the United States were different from the ratios of European, Asian and Canadian gasolines and thus enabled scientists to differentiate (区分) the lead sources. The dominant lead ratio found in Greenland snow matched that found in gasoline from the United States.In a study published
38、in the journal Ambio, scientists found that lead levels in soil in the Northeastern United States had decreased markedly since the introduction of unleaded gasoline.Many scientists had believed that the lead would stay in soil and snow for a longer period.The authors of the Ambio study examined samp
39、les of the upper layers of soil taken from the same sites of 30 forest floors in New England, New York and Pennsylvania in 1980 and in 1990. The forest environment processed and redistributed the lead faster than the scientists had expected.Scientists say both studies demonstrate that certain parts
40、of the ecosystem respond rapidly to reductions in atmospheric pollution, but that these findings should not be used as a license to pollute.17.The study published in the journal Nature indicates that _.A.the Clean Air Act has not produced the desired resultsB.lead deposits in arctic snow are on the
41、increaseC.lead will stay in soil and snow longer than expectedD.the US is the major source of lead pollution in arctic snow18.Lead accumulation worldwide decreased significantly after the use of unleaded gas in the US _ .A.was discouragedB.was enforced by lawC.was prohibited by lawD.was introduced19
42、.How did scientists discover the source of lead pollution in Greenland?A.By analyzing the data published in journals like Nature and Ambio.B.By observing the lead accumulations in different parts of the arctic area.C.By studying the chemical elements of soil and snow in Northeastern America.D.By com
43、paring the chemical compositions of leaded gasoline used in various countries.20.The authors of the Ambio study have found that _.A.forests get rid of lead pollution faster than expectedB.lead accumulations in forests are more difficult to deal withC.lead deposits are widely distributed in the fores
44、ts of the USD.the upper layers of soil in forests are easily polluted by lead emissions第二节：阅读下文，根据(A-F)给出的相关信息，将最合适的段落与之进行匹配，并在答题纸上将相应选项的标号涂黑。选项中有一项是多余选项。A. Criteria of the rankingB. Africa countries ranking lowC. Research on girls education in developing countriesD. Northern European countries at t
45、he topE. High rate of early death of childrenF. Hope and improvement in sight 21. A yearly list of the best and worst places to be a mother and child rates the United States 11th, behind Britain. Scandinavian countries are at the top. Sweden is number one. Denmark is second. Finland is third. Save t
46、he Children, an American-based humanitarian organization, compared conditions in 110 countries. The report came out last week.22. At the bottom of the list, Mali and Burkina Faso share last place. Just above them are Ethiopia, Chad, Yemen, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Mauritania. Gambia and
47、Eritrea are also in the bottom ten, along with two Asian countries: Nepal and Cambodia. Cambodia is tied with Eritrea in 100th place. 23 . Save the Children based its report on six conditions related to the health and security of women. These include the risk of early death, and the rate of use of m
48、odern birth-control methods. Another measure was the percentage of births with the aid of trained medical workers. Still another was the percentage of pregnant women with a shortage of iron in the blood. The study also examined reading levels among women and the involvement of women in national gove
49、rnment. There are some conditions related to the education of both women and children.24. Save the Children has published a report on the State of the Worlds Mothers for six years now. This year the group included a progress report on education for girls. Researchers examined progress made over the
50、past ten years in 71 developing countries. The report says Bolivia, Kenya, Cameroon and Bangladesh have made the most progress in girls education. Listed at the bottom are Rwanda, Iraq, Malawi and Eritrea. Worldwide, the report says, 58 million girls are out of school.25. Charles MacCormack is head
51、of Save the Children. He says many children in the world are lucky just to survive the first five years of life. But Mr MacCormack calls the situation far from hopeless. He notes that world leaders have agreed on eight goals to reduce poverty, save lives and increase security by 2015. 高考资源网高考资源网 高考资源网参考答案高考资源网高考资源网DCCA ACDB BDDC ABDC DBDA DBACF高考资源网高考资源网高考资源网高考资源网