1、Unit 3 Travel journal基础自主检测阅读识记.英译汉1.stubborn adj. 顽固的；固执的2.detail n. 细节；详情3.source n. 来源；资源4.altitude n. 海拔高度；高处5.valley n. (山)谷；流域6.parcel n. 小包；包裹.汉译英1.fare n. 费用2.boil vi. (指液体)沸腾；(水)开3.flame n. 火焰；光芒；热情4.beneath prep. 在下面5.temple n. 庙宇；寺庙6.cave n. 洞穴；地窖高频应用1.flow vi. 流动；流出n. 流动；流量2.schedule n.
2、时间表；进度表vt. 为某事安排时间3.fond adj. 喜爱的；慈爱的；宠爱的4.shortcoming n. 缺点5.journey n. 旅行；旅程6.pace vi. 缓慢而行；踱步n. 一步；速度；步调7.attitude n. 态度；看法8.forecast n& vt. 预测；预报9.view n. 风景；视野；观点；见解vt. 观看；注视；考虑拓展变形1.journal (n.) 日记；杂志；定期刊物journalist (n.) 记者journey (形近词) (n.) 旅行；旅程2.transport (n. & vt.) 运送；运输transportation (n.)
3、 交通；运输3.prefer (vt.) 更喜欢；选择某事物(而不选择其他事物)preference (n.) 偏爱；爱好preferred (过去式/过去分词)preferring (现在分词)4.disadvantage (n.) 不利条件；不便之处advantage (反义词) (n.) 有利条件；优势5.persuade (vt.) 说服；劝说persuasion (n.) 说服；劝说6.cycle (vi.) 骑自行车cyclist (n.) 骑自行车的人7.graduate (vi.) 毕业 (n.) 大学毕业生graduation (n.) 毕业；毕业典礼8.finally (a
4、dv.) 最后；终于final (adj.) 最后的9.organize (vt.) 组织；成立organizer (n.) 组织者organization (n.) 组织organized (adj.) 有组织的；有条理的10.determine (vt.) 决定；确定；下定决心determined (adj.) 坚决的；有决心的determination (n.) 决心11.bend (n. & v) 弯；拐角；弯身；弯腰；使弯曲bent (过去式/过去分词)12.insurance (n.) 保险insure (vt. & vi.) 投保；给保险13.reliable (adj.) 可信
5、赖的；可靠的rely (vi.) 依靠；依赖1.able形容词后缀reliable 可信赖的；可靠的adjustable 可调节的fashionable 时尚的；时髦的reasonable 合理的adaptable 适合的；可适应的2.fore前缀表“预见的；前部的”forecast n& v预测；预报foresee v预见；预知foretell v预言；预测forehead n前额foreword n前言；序foresight n先见之明；远见3.位置反义词小结onbeneathoverunderabovebelow4.与“性格”有关的形容词stubborn 固执的easygoing 随和的
6、outgoing 外向的gentle 温和的optimistic 乐观的outspoken 坦率的5.表“缺点”的名词weakness 弱点；缺点shortcoming 短处；缺点disadvantage 劣势；缺点defect 缺陷；缺点一 动词介/副词1.dream about/of 梦想2.graduate from 毕业于3.care about 关心；忧虑；惦念4.give in 投降；屈服；让步5.feel like 想要；感觉像6.put up 张贴；搭建；安置二 动词(短语)名词7.change ones mind 改变主意8.make up ones mind 下决心；决定三
7、 动词形容词介词9.get sb.interested in 使某人对感兴趣10.be fond of 喜爱；喜欢四 其他11.ever since 自从；自以后12.as usual 照常；像往常一样13.at midnight 在午夜1.mind 相关短语change ones mind 改变主意make up ones mind 下决心；决定keep/bear . in mind 牢记fix ones mind upon/on 把注意力集中在read ones mind 看懂某人的心思2.“beadj.of”短语be fond of 喜欢；喜爱be tired of 对厌倦be afra
8、id of 害怕be aware of 意识到；知道be proud of 为自豪be sure of 确信1.ever since与现在完成时连用Ever since middle school (从上中学那时起), my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip.(教材P18)2.强调句型：It is/was被强调部分that/who其他部分It was my sister who (是我姐姐) first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong R
9、iver from where it begins to where it ends.(教材P18)3.insist(坚持要求)that从句(从句中谓语动词用“should动词原形”，should可省略)Although she didnt know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that she organize the trip (她坚持要求组织这次旅行) properly.(教材P18)4.主语beadj.to do (动词不定式的主动形式表达被动含义)When I told her the air would be ha
10、rd to breathe (空气将会使人呼吸困难) and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience.(教材P18)5.once作连词，意为“一旦就”Once she had made up her mind (一旦她下了决心), nothing can change it.(教材P18)6.can hardly/not wait to do sth. “迫不及待做某事”We can hardly wait to see (迫不及待地想见到) them！(教材P22)单句语法填空1.Wang W
11、ei soon got them (interest) in cycling too.答案：interested2.After (graduate) from college, we finally got the chance to take a bike trip.答案：graduating3.She gave me a (determine) lookthe kind that said she would not change her mind.答案：determined4.We found a large atlas with good maps showed details of
12、world geography.答案：that/which5.It becomes rapids as it passes through deep valleys, (travel) across western Yunnan Province.答案：travelling6.Along the way children (dress) in long wool coats stopped to look at us.答案：dressed7.In the late afternoon we found it was so cold our water bottles froze.答案：that
13、8.At one point we were so high that we found ourselves (cycle) through clouds.答案：cycling9.At midnight the sky became clearer and the stars grew (bright).答案：brighter10.We will reach Dali in Yunnan Province soon, our cousins Dao Wei and Yu Hang will join us.答案：where考点步步冲关1prefervt.更喜欢；选择某事物(而不选择其他事物)W
14、hich kind of transport do you prefer to use: bus or train？(P17)你更喜欢哪种交通方式：公共汽车还是火车？(1)prefer sth. to sth. 与相比更喜欢prefer (sb./sth.) to do sth. 更喜欢(某人/某物)做某事prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事(2) (3)preference n. 偏爱；优先权；偏爱的事物have a preference for 对偏爱名师点津(1)prefer的过去式、过去分词是preferred，现在分词是preferr
15、ing，相似变化的单词有refer (提及，谈及)和infer (推断，推理)。(2)prefer不用于进行时。(3)prefer相当于like better，所以prefer不可与比较级连用。即时练1单句语法填空Im quite satisfied, and I prefer renting such an apartment buying one.I prefer (exercise) at home, and it seems that I am always going on a diet.答案：toexercising/to exercise一句多译她更喜欢和我们一起去而不愿独自留下
16、。 (prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.) (prefer doing sth. to doing sth.) (would rather do sth. than do sth.) (would do sth. rather than do sth.)答案：She preferred to go with us rather than stay behind alone.She preferred going with us to staying behind alone.She would rather go with us than stay be
17、hind alone.She would go with us rather than stay behind alone.2 determinevt.确定；决定；(使)下定决心She gave me a determined lookthe kind that said she would not change her mind.(P18)她给了我一个坚定的眼神这种眼神表明她是不会改变主意的。(1)determine on/upon决定determine to do sth. 决定做某事determine 从句 决定(2)determined adj. 坚决的；有决心的be determin
18、ed to do sth.决心做某事be determined that . 决心(3)determination n. 决心名师点津(1)高考中常把determined to do sth. 作状语的用法作为考查点，有类似用法的还有lost in, caught in, absorbed in等。(2)be determined (not) to do sth.表示状态，是可延续的，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用，而determine to do sth.表示动作，不能与表时间段的状语连用。如：He determined to do it for a long time.()He was de
19、termined to do it for a long time.()类似用法的单词还有即时练2单句语法填空 (determine) to give up smoking, he threw away his remaining cigarettes.He fought the illness with (determine)答案：Determineddetermination一句多译他想到了妈妈的期望，决定不撒谎。He thought of his mothers hope, and . (宾语从句)He thought of his mothers hope, and . (不定式作宾语
20、)答案：determined that/was determined that he would not tell a liewas determined not to tell a lie1care about 关心；忧虑；惦念；在乎教材原句Of course she hadnt; my sister doesnt care about details. (P18)当然，她没有看过(地图)；我的姐姐是不会考虑细节的。care for 喜欢；照顾take care 当心take care of 照料；处理with care 小心地名师点津care about意为“介意；在乎”；care for
21、 意为“喜欢；照顾”，两者意义不同，不要混淆。即时练1单句语法填空I dont care the price, so long as the car is in good condition.He was very grateful to the nurses who had cared him.He handled the instrument care for fear that it should be damaged.答案：aboutforwith2make up ones mind 下定决心；决定教材原句Once she has made up her mind, nothing c
22、an change it.(P18)一旦她下了决心，什么也不能使她改变。change ones mind 改变主意记住call/bring . to mind回忆起fix ones mind on/upon . 将注意力集中于read ones mind看出某人的心思名师点津make up ones mind短语中的mind与change ones mind中的mind的形式要随ones的单复数变化而变化。即时练2单句写作威廉的两本书帮助本杰明下定决心成为一名画家。Williams two books helped Benjamin to to be a painter.他接了一个电话后，在最
23、后时刻改变了主意。He after a phone call at the last minute.在网络上，我们能够迅速地、轻易地找到细节，查看事实，而不需要记住它们。On the Internet, we can quickly and easily locate the details, and check facts, without .周围这么吵闹，这个男孩根本不能将注意力集中在他正在做的事情上。With so much noise around, the boy could not at all.答案：make up his mindchanged his mindkeeping
24、them in mindfix his mind on/upon what he was doing3give in 屈服；投降；让步；上交教材原句Finally, I had to give in. (P18)最后，我只好让步了。give in to sb./sth. 向某人/某事投降、让步give up (doing) sth. 放弃(做)某事give away 赠送；泄露give back 归还；恢复give off 放出，散发(光、热、烟、气味等)give out 分发；公布，宣布；(食物、燃料、电力等)用光；精疲力竭give way to . 给让路；对让步give rise to
25、产生；引起名师点津give in “屈服；投降；让步；上交”。当“屈服”讲时，如果接宾语，后面常接介词to，表示向某人/物屈服。即时练3用give相关短语的适当形式填空We will never ， whatever they might do or say about our plan.Jane tried to keep up a calm appearance, but her trembling voice her .The rotting bananas are a bad smell, so youd better throw them away.I know smoking is
26、 bad for health, but I simply cant it .After two days our food ， and we had to return.答案：give ingave; awaygiving offgive; upgave out1Although she didnt know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that she organize the trip properly.(P18)翻译虽然她对去某些地方的最佳路线并不清楚，她却坚持要自己把这次旅游安排得尽善尽美。从句语气意义insist(
27、vt.)虚拟语气，其谓语动词常用(should)动词原形坚决要求；坚持主张陈述语气坚决认为；坚持说insist(vi.)其后常接介词on/upon坚持；坚持主张；硬要即时练1单句语法填空(2016天津高考)I told her she shouldnt swim after a whole nights coughing, but she refused to give up and insisted she (go)I might fail, but anyhow I insist doing it. I never lose heart.答案：(should) goon/upon单句写作这
28、位女士坚持说她没有做错事并坚决要求应该得到恰当的对待。The lady insisted that she and that she properly.答案：had done nothing wrong; (should) be treated2When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience.(P18)翻译当我告诉她那里空气稀薄，呼吸困难，而且天气很冷时，她却说这将是一次有趣的经历。the air
29、would be hard to breathe是“主语beadj.不定式”结构，其中the air是breathe的逻辑宾语，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。使用此结构须具备两个前提条件：表语是表性质的形容词主语是to do的逻辑宾语(1)常用形容词有：difficult, hard, easy, comfortable, pleasant, interesting, exciting等。(2)不定式和句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系；若不定式为不及物动词，其后应该加相应的介词。即时练2单句语法填空(2017江苏高考)The disappearance of dinosaurs is not n
30、ecessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But alternative explanations are hard (find)Many bad habits can be especially difficult (cure)答案：to findto cure单句写作句式升级汤姆不容易取悦。(please) 汤姆很难相处。 用as a result连接句和 答案：Tom is not easy to please.Tom is hard/difficult to get along with.Tom is not easy to please
31、; as a result, he is hard/difficult to get along with.3Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it.(P18)翻译她一旦下了决心，什么也不能使她改变。(1)once用作连词时，意为“一旦就”，引导时间状语从句。从句要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。(2)once用作副词时，意为“曾经；一度；从前；一次”。(3)once引导的从句中的主语若与主句主语一致，且从句的谓语动词是be的某种形式，则可将从句中的主语和be动词省略，构成省略句。即时练3单句写作一旦造成损失，这些农田要花费很多年才
32、能恢复过来。 ， it will take many years for the farmland to recover.一旦发现，任何错误都必须加以改正。 ， any mistake must be corrected.李华，曾经的一个好学生，现在却一直试图逃学。Li Hua, ， now is trying to escape school.他每周洗一次汽车。He cleans his car .答案：Once the damage is doneOnce (it is) foundonce a good studentonce a week现在进行时表将来英语中有少数动词(位移动词)或动
33、词短语，如：go, come, start, leave, arrive, return, move, fly, take off等，其现在进行时可以表示将来。主要用来表示按计划、安排在近期将要发生的动作。Look, the plane full of food and clothes is taking off soon to help the victims in the earthquake.看，满载着食品和衣服的飞机很快就要起飞去帮助在地震中受灾的人们。Please call the station to make sure when the earliest train is lea
34、ving.请给车站打个电话确认最早一班火车什么时候离开。现在进行时表示将来除使用位移动词外，也可使用某些非位移动词，如：do, buy, meet, have, play, finish, stay, publish等，此时句中一般要有表示将来的时间状语。At this time next year we are having our holiday in Beijing.明年的此刻我们正在北京度假呢。即时练.单句语法填空1The midterm exam (come), and everyone is trying hard to study.答案：is coming2Ladies and
35、gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane (take) off.答案：is taking3I (not go) out tonight; I (stay) at home.答案：am not going; am staying4Are you (have) a meeting with Bill tonight?答案：having5Lily (walk) to school tomorrow.答案：is walking.单句写作1我下周日要离开华盛顿到纽约去了。I Washington for New York next Sunda
36、y.答案：am leaving2穿上大衣，我马上带你下楼去看医生！Put on your coat. I down to the doctor!答案：am taking you3所有的T恤都在半价销售，因为这家店下周要关门了。All the Tshirts are sold at half price, because the shop down next week.答案：is closing4明年冬天我们去墨西哥度假。We our holiday in Mexico next winter.答案：are taking5下周五我们将乘飞机去上海出席一个重要的会议。We to attend an
37、 important meeting.答案：are flying to Shanghai next Friday基础达标演练.单句语法填空1(2016全国卷)They needed to be aroused (激发) one way or the other, and they preferred good news bad.答案：to2If you dont speak good English, youll be a big disadvantage when you try to get a job.答案：at3We have made up our (mind) to overcom
38、e this difficulty.答案：minds4My husband and I insisted that our children (be) old enough to make their beds.答案：were5She is scheduled (give) a speech tonight, hoping all of us will attend it.答案：to give6I hold a positive attitude online voting.答案：towards/to7She left school three years ago and (work) as
39、a nurse ever since.答案：has been working8This machine is very easy (operate). Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.答案：to operate9Mr Black, who is a very person, works as the president of a large international . (organize)答案：organized; organization10My brother from Beijing University last year.
40、 He has been working in a famous company after . (graduate)答案：graduated; graduation.单句改错1The government insisted that plans made to help those out of work. 答案：made前加(should) be2The man is very stubborn and difficult to get along well. 答案：well后加with3Having worked for two days, Steve managed to finish
41、 his report on the schedule. 答案：去掉the4He persuaded her to stop smoking but failed. 答案：persuadedadvised5Determining，Dad filled our plates with steaming stew and passed them around. 答案：DeterminingDetermined.教材微写作A根据提示完成句子1苏珊一直梦想着到丽江旅游。(dream about) 答案：Susan had been dreaming about travelling to Lijian
42、g.2她宁愿玛丽和她一起去。(prefer) 答案：She preferred Mary to go with her.3尽管玛丽很固执，苏珊还是决定去说服她一起去旅行。(stubborn; determine; persuade) 答案：Although Mary was stubborn, Susan determined to persuade her to travel together.4最终玛丽做出让步，并同意和苏珊一起去旅游。(finally; give in) 答案：Finally, Mary gave in and agreed to travel with Susan.5她
43、们尽情地欣赏那儿的美景。(view) 答案：They enjoyed the wonderful view there to the fullest.6玛丽很激动，以至于夜里不能入睡。(stay awake) 答案：Mary was so excited that she stayed awake during the night.B将以上句子连成一篇逻辑严密的短文，注意书写规范答案：Susan had been dreaming about travelling to Lijiang and she preferred Mary to go with her. Although Mary was stubborn, Susan determined to persuade her to travel together. Finally, Mary gave in and agreed to travel with her. They enjoyed the wonderful view there to the fullest, which made Mary so excited that she stayed awake during the night.- 16 -