1、专 题 二语 法 填 空 通 关第九讲并列句和状语从句高考总复习大二轮 山东版 英语 语法项目(一)并列句 考纲解读定方向并列句是高考考查的重点之一，重点考查上下句之间的逻辑关系，尤其在短文改错中考查 and，but，or 的错用；both.and，either.or，not.but.等固定搭配；while 表示对比转折。如何确定并列句思考趋向并列连词既可以连接并列的单词或短语，也可以连接并列的分句。语法填空无提示词的考查中，当两个或两个以上的单词、短语之间没有连词，一般是填并列连词。当两个或两个以上的句子之间没有连词时，就需要根据逻辑关系来判定用并列连词还是从句连词。典例感悟典例 1(北京卷
2、)I am not afraid of tomorrow，_ I have seen yesterday and I love today.解析：for 句意：我不惧怕明天，因为我已经看到了昨天并热爱今天。本题考查并列连词。根据语境可知，前后分句为因果关系，故答案为 for。典例 2(北京卷)He is a shy man,_ he is not afraid of anything or anyone.解析：but/yet 句意：他是一个腼腆的人，但是他不害怕任何事，也不害怕任何人。根据句意可知前后两个分句为转折关系，故用but/yet。典例 3(北京卷)Some animals carry
3、 seeds from one place to another，_plants can spread to new places.解析：so 句意：一些动物将种子从一个地方带到另外一个地方，因此植物可以传播到新的地方。设空处前后两个分句之间为因果关系，故填并列连词 so。典例 4(天津卷)Give me a chance，_Ill give you a wonderful surprise.解析：and 句意：给我一次机会，我会给你一个惊喜。本题考查特殊句式中的“祈使句and陈述句”句式。故填 and。并列句解题技法 结合语境及句子结构，明晰句子之间的逻辑关系实例体验1(2020河北衡水中学
4、调考)She didnt know anything about current TV shows _ fashion trends.解析：or 句意：她对于当前的电视节目和流动趋势一无所知。or 用在表示否定意义的动词后表示“也不，也不是，也没有”的意思。根据本句中表示否定意义的“didnt know”可知设空处填 or。2(2020江西宜春中学一次诊断)As to acute stomachache，there is no need to have an operation；all you need to do is drinking a cup of Chinese herbs，_ th
5、e western way takes more time and money.解析：while 句意：对于急性胃痛，没有必要做手术；所有你需要做的就是喝杯中国草药，而西式的方法既费时又费钱。设空处表示对比，故填 while。3 (2019 山 西 省 重 点 中 学 协 作 体 一 模)He overcame many difficulties，_ he was not fortunate enough.解析：but/yet 句意：虽然他克服了许多困难，但是他还是不够幸运。两个分句间为转折关系，故填 but 或 yet。4(2019山东青岛一模)They quickly gave me th
6、e gun _ asked me if I had heard the tiger.解析：and 句意：他们迅速给了我那支枪并问我是否听到过那只老虎的叫声。前后为顺承关系，故用 and 连接。重点强化熟记并列连词是解题的关键1若表示选择，则使用 or；2若表示转折，则使用 but；3若表示原因，则使用 for；4若表示结果，则使用 so；5若表示对比，则使用 while。He found it increasingly difficult to read，for his eyesight was beginning to fail.由于他的视力开始下降，他发现读书越来越困难了。I like E
7、nglish while my little sister is fond of art.我喜欢英语而我的妹妹热爱艺术。牢记固定句型结构，培养做题灵敏度实例体验1(2020福建泉州 1 月质检)In China，the question is not“What shall I have？”_“What shall we have？”Food is ordered to share with others，not just for oneself.解析：but 句意：在中国，问题不是“我吃什么？”而是“我们吃什么？”。点餐是为了和别人分享，而不是只为了自己。not.but.为固定搭配，意为“不是
8、而是”。2(2020重庆西北狼教育联盟第一次联考)It was an extremely dark，lonely country road.Neither a single person _ any traffic was in sight at all.解析：nor 考查固定搭配。句意：既看不到一个人，也根本看不到一辆车。neither.nor.为固定搭配，意为“既不也不”。3(2019山西八校联考)Looking back，I know the greatest difficulty on our way to success is our fear.Overcome it，_ we wi
9、ll be able to achieve our goals.解析：and 考查“祈使句and/or陈述句”。后句句意为：克服它，我们就能够达到我们的目标。前后为顺承关系，故用 and。4(2019河南豫北名校质量评估)The event will make Lanzhou beef noodle well-known not only across Lanzhou，_ across the world through the Belt and Road Initiative.解析：but 考查连词。句意：该活动将不仅使兰州牛肉拉面在兰州被熟知，也会通过“一带一路”倡议被全世界的人们熟知此处
10、考查的是 not only.but(also).结构，意为“不仅而且”。重点强化熟记固定搭配和固定句式：1表示并列或递进关系的有：both.and.，not only.but(also).等。2表示选择关系的有 either.or.，not.but.等；3祈使句and陈述句，and 表顺承；4祈使句or陈述句，or 表转折。Find ways to praise your children often，and youll find they will open their hearts to you.设法常常表扬你的孩子，这样你就会发现他们乐意向你敞开心扉。语法项目(二)状语从句考纲解读定方向
11、状语从句主要考查考生对连词词义记忆并熟练运用于解题的能力，尤其是时间状语连词(when，while，as，until，before，since)；条件状语连词(if，unless)；地点状语连词(where，wherever)；结果状语连词(such/so.that)等。并列句和状语从句的区别思考趋向并列句是连词连接两个“互不依存的主谓结构”，两者之间是并列关系，而在状语从句中前后两个句子一个是主句，一个是从句，从句是用来修饰主句的。典例感悟典例 1_ you take the medicine，you will be all right.Take this medicine，_ you wi
12、ll be all right.解析：If；and 两个题都应该填连词。句空格处引导条件状语从句表示“如果”，故填 If；句中两个并列分句是顺承关系，故填 and。典例 2_ money is necessary for a happy life，it cant buy happiness.Money is necessary for a happy life，_ it cant buy happiness.解析：Although/Though；but 两个题都应该填连词。句空格所在句子是让步关系，故填 Although/Though；句前后是转折关系，故填 but。状语从句解题技法 成分、结
13、构面面观，逻辑关系是必然实例体验1(2018北京卷)_we dont stop climate change,many animals and plants in the world will be gone.解析：If 句意：如果我们不制止气候变化，世界上的很多动物和植物将会死去。本题考查状语从句。根据句意可知，设空处引导条件状语从句。表示“如果”，故填 If。2(2018天津卷)Lets not pick these peaches until this weekend so_they get sweet enough to be eaten.解析：that 句意：到周末我们再摘这些桃子吧
14、，那样的话它们就变得足够甜能吃了。本题考查状语从句。由设空处后的内容可判断设空处引导目的状语从句，故答案为 that，即 so that 引导目的状语从句。3(2018江苏卷)_ you can sleep well,you will lose the ability to focus,plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.解析：Unless 句意：如果你睡不好觉的话，一两夜过后你就会无法集中注意力，无法做计划，也无法保持干劲了。考查状语从句。根据语境此处考查条件状语从句，unlessif.not“除非；如果不”。4(2017北京卷)_
15、birds use their feathers for flight，some of their feathers are for other purposes.解析：Although/While/Though 句意：尽管鸟类用它们的羽毛来飞行，可是它们的羽毛中的一些还有其他用处。设空处引导让步状语从句。5(2017北京卷)If you dont understand something，you may research，study，and talk to other people_you figure it out.解析：until/till 句意：如果你不明白某件事情，你可以去调查、研究
16、并与其他人商讨，直到你弄明白为止。设空处引导时间状语从句，表示“直到为止”，故用 until/till。6(2017江苏卷)Located _ the Belt meets the Road，Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.解析：where 句意：位于“一带”和“一路”的交汇处，江苏将对“一带一路”的建设贡献更多。本题考查地点状语从句。设空处引导地点状语从句，且在从句中作地点状语，因此用 where 引导。7(北京卷)I really enjoy listening to music _ it hel
17、ps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.解析：because/as 句意：我真的很喜欢听音乐，因为它可以帮我放松并使我不操心一天中的其他事。本题考查原因状语从句。空格前后为因果关系，故答案为 because 或 as。8(天津卷)We need to get to the root of the problem _ we can solve it.解析：before 句意：在能够解决这个问题之前，我们需要找到它的根源所在。根据句意可知用 before。9(江西卷)It was the middle of th
18、e night _ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.解析：when 句意：半夜我的父亲把我叫醒并告诉我来看足球赛。根据语境可知，设空处引导一个时间状语从句，表示“当的时候”，故填 when。10(陕西卷)I believe you will have a wonderful time here _ you get to know everyone else.解析：once/if 句意：我相信一旦/如果你认识了其他所有人，你会在这里玩得很开心。根据语境可知用 once/if。重点强化九种状语从句的功能与注意事
19、项1时间状语从句when，while，as，before，after，since，until，the moment 等Mary made coffee while her guests were finishing their meal.I will tell him the news the moment he comes.名师点津 要注意时态一致，一般情况下，在时间状语从句中，表示将来的动作用一般现在时(不可用将来时)。2地点状语从句where，whereverI cannot hear the professor clearly as there is too much noise wh
20、ereI am sitting.We are always welcome wherever we go.名师点津 不要和 where 引导的定语从句混淆，若是定语从句，where 前必然有先行词。3结果状语从句so.that.，such.that.，so that(结果，以至于)He runs so fast that no one can catch up with him.There was such a crush on the train that I could hardly breathe.I got up late so that I missed the early bus.
21、名师点津 在 so.that.和 such.that.所引导的结果状语从句中，so 为副词，后面跟形容词，副词或分词，而 such 为形容词，后面只能跟名词或名词性短语。4目的状语从句so that，in order that，for fear that，in case(that)They flew there in order that they might be in time to attend the opening ceremony.名师点津 从句中常用 may，might，can，could，should 等情态动词，后接动词原形。5条件状语从句if，unless，as/so lo
22、ng as，on condition that，in case 等We will have a picnic in the park this Sunday unless it rains or its very cold.名师点津 条件状语从句和时间状语从句一样，当主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。6原因状语从句because，since，as，now(that)The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair because he wanted to sit next to his wife.名师点津 because 语气最强，用来说明人
23、所不知的原因，回答 why 提出的问题；since 次之，as 最弱。7让步状语从句although，though，as，even if/though，whatever，however，no matter what/who/howTired as/though I was，I went on with my work.I will go and attend the meeting however busy I am.名师点津(1)当有 though，although 时，后面的从句不能有 but；(2)as 引导的让步状语从句必须把表语，状语或动词原形提前。8方式状语从句as，just as
24、，as if，as thoughJack wasnt doing anything，but the teacher smiled at him as if he had done something very clever.名师点津 as if，as though 在方式状语从句中多指非真实的或可能性较小的情况，常用虚拟语气。9比较状语从句as.as.，not so.as，比较级than He works as hard as everyone else in the class.He is taller than any other student in our school.名师点津 比较
25、句型表示在一定范围内的最高级含义；比较级thananyother单数可数名词。牢记固定句型结构，培养做题灵敏度实例体验1(2019浙江卷 6 月)Pahlsson screamed _ loudly that her daughter came running from the house.解析：so 考查固定句式。so.that 为固定句式，意为“如此以至于”，故填 so。2(重庆卷)If you miss this chance,it may be years _ you get another one.解析：before 句意：如果你错过了这次机会的话，那可能要等到多年之后你才能再次获得
26、机会。此处为固定句式 it may be 一段时间before.。3 (2019 陕 西 咸 阳 二 模)Researchers have found，in their experiment，that a babys cries can cause unique emotional responses in the brain，making it impossible for us to ignore them _ we are parents or not.解析：whether 句意：研究者们在他们的实验中发现，婴儿啼哭能够引起头脑中独特的情感反应，使得我们不可能忽略他们，无论我们是不是父母
27、。whether.or.可用来引导让步状语从句，意为“无论还是”。4(2019太原二模)I had hardly sat down on the train and opened a bar of chocolate _a really old man with huge bags sat down across from me.解 析：when 考 查 连 词。hardly.when.意 为“刚 一 就”，为固定用法，符合语境，故用连词 when 引导时间状语从句。5(2019河北衡水中学一调)The song“A little bit longer”by Nick Jonas is _ a
28、n emotional and inspiring song that whenever I hear it，I always come close to dropping down tears.解析：such 句意：Nick Jonas 所写的坚持到底是如此抒情、鼓舞人心的一首歌，以至于每当我听到它时都几乎会落泪。此处为“sucha/an形容词单数可数名词that 从句”结构，意为“如此以至于”。6(2019重庆西北狼教育联盟第一次联考)I was driving home late at night _ my car lost momentum(动力)and got slower and
29、slower.解析：when 考查状语从句。句意：我深夜正驾驶在回家的路上，突然汽车失去动力，变得越来越慢。分析该句结构可知，空处引导时间状语从句。be doing.when 意为“正在做某事时突然”。重点强化1.时间状语从句(1)when(and at that time)引导时间状语从句，常构成sb.be doing.when.(某人正在做某事那时)sb.be about to do.when.sb.be on the point of doing.when.(某人正要做某事那时)sb.had done.when.(某人刚做完某事那时)It was raining when we arri
30、ved.(2)before 引导的从句中不用否定式谓语。常用如下句型：It will be long before.(得过好久才)It will not be long before.(过不了多久就)It was long before.(过了好久才)It was not long before.(过了不久就)(3)since 后面所用动词不同，该动词所表示动作持续时间的计算方法也不同。since瞬间动词的过去式从该动作发生时算起since持续性动词的过去式从动作结束时算起 It is two years since he joined the army.他参军两年了。It is two ye
31、ars since he smoked.他戒烟两年了。(4)not.until.Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.He waited for his father until/till it was twelve oclock.(5)hardly/scarcely.when.，no sooner.than.表 示“刚 就”We had hardly got/Hardly had we got into the country when it began to rain.No sooner had he arrived/He had no soo
32、ner arrived than she started complaining.(6)directly，immediately，the moment，the minute，the instant，as soon as 意为“一就”He made for the door directly he heard the knock.The moment he saw his mother，he burst into tears.(7)each time，every timeEach time he came to my city，he would call on me.2目的状语从句：so tha
33、t，in order that注意：目的状语从句中的谓语动词常与情态动词连用，否则可能是结果状语从句，不可置于句首。He got up early so that he could catch the early train.3结果状语从句：so that，so.that.，such.that.注意：so形容词/副词that 从句；such名词that 从句。She is so good that we all like her.He is such a good teacher that we all respect him.4方式状语从句：as if/thoughIt looks as if it is going to rain.5条件状语从句：so/as long as，in case，on condition that 等You can use my bike as long as you return it on time.6比较状语从句：(not)as/so.as.；not the same as；the比较级，the比较级He works as hard as others.We treat boys exactly the same as girls.The more you eat，the fatter you wll be.
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