1、阅读理解词义猜测题专练(三)指代猜测类A(2017黄冈检测)On Christmas Day, 2003, a woman named Nancy Sue Brown took her daughter and grandchildren to see a movie at an AMC theater. When the movie was over, the crowd made for the exits. A theater employee had just finished mopping the hallway and dutifully placed the “wet floo
2、r” sign in the slippery area. No one slipped due to the wet conditions, but someone did manage to knock over the sign. And by the time Ms. Brown got to the area, the sign was lying on the floor. And shortly thereafter, so was she. Her foot got caught in the sign, in a bad way, and she fell. Unfortun
3、ately Ms. Brown had undergone a back operation, and the fall caused more damage than it otherwise would have. So she and her husband sued (提起诉讼)AMC argued that the entire point of the “wet floor” sign above was to warn of danger, and therefore, courts should encourage the use by not allowing Browns
4、case to proceed (继续进行). AMC referred to a case about a December, 1998 incident, where a “wet floor” sign, not in use, fell to the floor causing another tripandfall. In that case, Georgias Court of Appeals ruled in favor of the store, but didnt go so far as to say that “wet floor” signs couldnt give
5、rise to legal liability (责任) in tripandfall accidents. In the Brown case, the Supreme Court therefore rejected AMCs argument that the former case applied.But the Browns argued something surprising that the “wet floor” sign was, itself, dangerous, because “using this type of sign in areas passed by l
6、ots of customers creates an unreasonable risk of foreseeable harm to the public in the form of tripping hazards (危险)” Thats right the safety sign, used in the way it was designed, was itself dangerous. The court thankfully didnt accept that argument, at least not entirely. But it did conclude that B
7、rowns case could continue to a jury (陪审团) “a merchants selection and use of equipment designed to warn customers of one danger that has the potential to expose them to a different one”体裁：议论文题材：社会现象主题：“小心地滑”指示牌引发的安全事件【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了布朗夫人在美国一家AMC影院看完电影离开时，被“小心地滑”的指示牌绊倒受伤后，向法院提起诉讼的原因以及法院的审判结果。 1According
8、to the text, Ms. Brown _.Aslipped on the wet floorBtripped over a warning signCknocked over warning signDwas knocked down by the crowd解析：B细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的. Ms. Brown got to the area, the sign was lying on the floor. And shortly thereafter, so was she. Her foot got caught in the sign, in a bad way, an
9、d she fell.可知，布朗夫人被“小心地滑”的指示牌绊倒了。B项中的tripped over意为“被绊倒”，与文章表述相符，故选B项。C项中的knocked over意为“打翻；撞倒”，不符合文意。2AMC mentioned the 1998 case in order to _.Aaccept its legal liability for Ms. Browns lossBprove Ms. Brown had some physical problemsCstress that it had no legal liability for the accidentDprove oth
10、er customers were responsible for the accident解析：C推理判断题。根据文章第二段第一句AMC argued that. encourage the use by not allowing Browns case to proceed.可知，AMC影院认为布朗夫人的控诉不成立，法院应该鼓励使用这样的警示牌，接着第二句AMC影院举出1998年的案例来支持自己的观点。由此可推测，AMC影院提到这一案例是为了强调自己不应该承担本次事故的责任。故选C项。3What can we learn about the Browns case from the las
11、t paragraph?AIt would be judged by jury.BIt would not be allowed to proceed.CThe court would rule in favor of AMC.DThe court accepted all the arguments of the Browns.解析：A细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的But it did conclude that Browns case could continue to a jury.可知，法院申请陪审团来审理此案。故选A项。4The underlined word “one” in t
12、he last paragraph refers to “_”AdangerBcustomerCbusiness ownerDequipment in public places解析：A词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段最后一句可知，一个商人选择和使用某一种设备来警示顾客某种危险，而这种设备本身就可能将顾客置于另一种危险中。由此可猜测，one指代上文中的danger。故选A项。长难句分析：But it did conclude that Browns case could continue to a jury “a merchants selection and use of equipment d
13、esigned to warn customers of one danger that has the potential to expose them to a different one”句式分析：did在此处起强调作用，强调谓语动词conclude; that Browns case could continue to a jury为宾语从句，作conclude的宾语；designed to warn customers of one danger为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰equipment；that has the potential to expose them to a di
14、fferent one为定语从句，修饰的也是equipment。句意：但是法院确实给出了结论：布朗事件的最后裁定交由陪审团“一个商人选择和使用某一种设备来警示顾客某种危险，而这种设备本身就可能将顾客置于另一种危险中”。B(2017山东部分重点中学第一次调研)Music icon Bob Dylan will not attend the Nobel ceremony in December because he has other commitments, the Swedish Academy said on Wednesday.“The Swedish Academy received a
15、 personal letter from Bob Dylan yesterday where he explained that he could not make himself available in December.，” it said in a statement.“He wishes that he could accept the award personally, but other commitments make it unfortunately impossible. He underlined that he felt incredibly honored by t
16、he Nobel Prize，” it added. The Swedish Academy said it respected Dylans decision, but that it was “unusual” for a Nobel laureate not to come to Stockholm to accept the award in person. Nobel laureates are honored every year on December 10 the death anniversary of the prizes founder Alfred Nobel, a S
17、wedish industrialist, inventor and philanthropist.Several other literature prize winners have skipped the Nobel ceremony in the past for various reasons British writer Doris Lessing on grounds of ill health, British playwright Harold Pinter because he was hospitalized and Austrian playwright and nov
18、elist Elfriede Jelinek due to social phobia.“We look forward to Bob Dylans Nobel lecture, which he must carry out it is the only requirement within six months starting from December 10,2016，” the academy said.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了2016年诺贝尔文学奖的获得者Bob Dylan缺席颁奖仪式的故事。【难句分析】“The Swedish Academy received a person
19、al letter from Bob Dylan yesterday where he explained that he could not make himself available in December.，” it said in a statement.分析：本句是一个复合句。where引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语，修饰先行词a personal letter；that引导宾语从句，在从句中不作句子成分。译文：瑞典文学院在一项声明中提到，他们昨天收到了Bob Dylan的一封个人信件。Bob Dylan在信件里解释说他不能参加12月份的诺贝尔奖颁奖仪式。5What does t
20、he underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?Areceiving a personal letterBexpressing himself in a statementCfeeling honored by the awardDaccepting the award personally解析：D考查代词指代。根据第三段的“He wishes that he could accept the award personally”可推知，此处的it代指的是亲自去领奖。6What is the Swedish Academys attitude to
21、wards Bob Dylans decision?Asupportive BoppositeCindifferent Dtolerant解析：D考查观点态度。根据第三段的“The Swedish Academy said it respected Dylans decision, but that it was unusual for a Nobel laureate not to come to Stockholm to accept the award in person”可知，瑞典文学院对Dylan的缺席表示尊重。干扰项分析：A项意为“支持的”，B项意为“相反的”，C项意为“漠不关心”
22、，均与文章中瑞典文学院对Dylan缺席领奖的态度不符，故排除。7What is the best title of the passage?AThe Nobel Prize Goes to Music Icon Bob DylanBLaureate Bob Dylan Will Be Absent for the Nobel CeremonyCBob Dylan a Music Icon Who Won the Nobel PrizeDA Great Anniversary Event the Nobel Ceremony解析：B考查标题判断。根据第一段“Music icon Bob Dyla
23、n will not attend the Nobel ceremony in December because he has other commitments, the Swedish Academy said on Wednesday”可推知，本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍了2016年诺贝尔文学奖获得者Bob Dylan缺席颁奖仪式的事件。8According to the passage, which of the following is true?ABob Dylan informed the Swedish Academy of his absence by telephone.B
24、The Nobel ceremony is in memory of the birth of the prizes founder.CElfriede skipped the Nobel ceremony because of physical illness.DAccording to the Swedish Academy, the deadline of Dylans lecture is June 10,2017.解析：D考查细节理解。根据最后一段“We look forward to Bob Dylans Nobel lecture, which he must carry out
25、 it is the only requirement within six months starting from December 10,2016， the academy said”可知，Bob Dylan演讲的最后期限是2017年6月10号。干扰项分析：根据第二段的“The Swedish Academy received a personal letter from Bob Dylan yesterday”可知，Bob Dylan是通过信件来告知瑞典文学院自己将缺席颁奖仪式的，而不是电话；根据第三段的“Nobel laureates are honored every year o
26、n December 10 the death anniversary of the prizes founder Alfred Nobel”可知，诺贝尔奖颁奖仪式的举行日是Alfred Nobel逝世的日子，而不是诞辰；根据第四段的“Austrian playwright and novelist Elfriede Jelinek due to social phobia”可知，Elfriede Jelinek缺席是因为社交恐惧症，这是一种精神疾病，而不是身体疾病。C(2017云南高三年级八校跨区调研考试)Spider (蜘蛛) webs have something in common w
27、ith guitar strings. The long, thin strings on a guitar can vibrate (振动). They move back and forth, or from side to side. So do webs made by spiders. The lines of silk they produce can carry vibrations. This movement gives the small creature information about what landed on the web.Spiders have eight
28、 legs and usually eight eyes. The animals build webs with their own soft, naturallymade silk. And much like playing the strings of a guitar, a spider can send out vibrations across its web over many different frequencies (频率). Spiders catch their food, usually insects in their webs. They make small
29、movements, which spread across their webs. The vibrations can give the spider details about what is caught in the web maybe a possible mate, or something tasty to eat.Vibrations are not just used to spot what is for dinner. They are also important in courtship (求爱), so lots of males will actually cr
30、eate a very specific kind of musical pattern which the females can use to determine not only that theyre a male, but theyre the right species, and whether they might want to mate with them as well.Spiders make their own vibrations to find out the condition of the webs. By controlling the tightness o
31、f the material, they can effectively control how information is getting to them when they hang out in the middle of the web. Spiders have a special ability to shape the physical nature of their selfmade materials and creations. Scientists think that spider silk may have changed over time for this pu
32、rpose.【解题导语】本文介绍了蜘蛛吐出的蛛丝可以传播不同频率的振动，这些振动让它们知道蜘蛛网上落下了什么东西并且这些振动在求爱中也非常重要。【难句分析】They are also important in courtship (求爱), so lots of males will actually create a very specific kind of musical pattern which the females can use to determine not only that theyre a male, but theyre the right species, and
33、 whether they might want to mate with them as well.分析：这是一个复合句。本句含有which引导的定语从句以及that和whether引导的宾语从句。译文：振动在求爱方面也很重要，所以很多雄蜘蛛会制造一种独特的音乐形式，雌蜘蛛不仅可以凭此确定它们的性别，还能确定它们的物种，以及它们是否愿意交配。【知识充电】蜘蛛可以用蛛网来捕获飞来的昆虫，有一些蛛丝的强度比钢丝还大。对于人类来说，研究蛛丝的结构并弄清楚其原理之后，可以制造出来高强度纤维；对人类的语言也有一定的丰富作用，比如可以作为组成成语的元素：蛛丝马迹。另外，如果你一不小心用小刀割伤手了，可以
34、用蛛网来止血，并且新结的蛛网更好用。9How does a spider feel that an insect is caught in the web?AThrough its sense of sight.BThrough vibrations of its web.CThrough different frequencies.DThrough a musical pattern.解析：B考查细节理解。根据第二段的“The vibrations can give the spider details about what is caught in the web”可知，蜘蛛可以通过蛛网的
35、振动知道有东西落到蛛网上了。故选B项。10What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 2 probably refer to?AInsects. BStrings.CSpiders. DVibrations.解析：A考查代词指代。根据第二段的“Spiders catch their food, usually insects in their webs. They make small movements, which spread across their webs”可知，蜘蛛在它们的蛛网上捕食，一般捕到的都是昆虫。它们制造出传遍整张蛛
36、网的小振动。所以They指代的是昆虫。11Which of the following statements is TRUE?ASilk produces vibrations as the strings of a guitar do.BFemale spiders make special sounds to attract a partner.CHunting will be hard for spiders if the silk is loose.DThe tightness of silk cant be adjusted once its made.解析：C考查细节理解。根据第四
37、段的“By controlling the tightness of the material, they can effectively control how information is getting to them”可知，蛛网的紧密度对蜘蛛捕猎至关重要，故选C项。干扰项分析：根据第一段的第一句“Spider (蜘蛛) webs have something in common with guitar strings”可知，蛛网和吉他弦有一些共同之处，故排除A。根据第三段的“so lots of males will actually. theyre a male”可排除B。根据第四段
38、的“By controlling the tightness of the material. in the middle of the web”可知，蜘蛛可以控制材料的紧密度，它们可以有效地调整蛛网的属性，故可排除D项。12The text mainly tells readers _.Aguitars and spider webs are similarBspider webs have various functionsCspiders are skillful in hunting insectsDvibrations are vital in a spiders life解析：D考查主旨大意。根据整篇文章的叙述，尤其是“The vibrations can give the spider details about what is caught in the web maybe a possible mate, or something tasty to eat”可知，D项正确。7
