1、第二板块阅读理解与阅读七选五专 题 二阅 读 七 选 五高考总复习大二轮 山东版 英语 第二部分 题型应对探究段首题空格为主旨句解题攻略在某段第一句设空的内容通常是该段落主旨句。学生需要通过认真研读该段的内容，然后从选项中查找下文的同义词或其他相关词或句，从而确定答案。有时则需反复读设空处后面一两句或更多内容，确定关键信息词，然后在各个选项中查找关联词和信息句。一般正确答案选项与所设空后的第一句在意义上是紧密衔接的，因此正确选项和原文的内容是连贯且符合逻辑的。典例(2019全国卷)37_More than that，how should you stay motivated to achiev
2、e the goal？First，you need to evaluate yourself，your values，your strengths，your weaknesses，your achievements，your desires，etc.Only then should you set your goals.BSo how should you motivate yourself?DSo why should we try to set specific goals?FMotivation is what you need most to do a good job.解析：B 主旨
3、句。句意：那么，你应该如何激励自己呢？该题中，设空处位于文章段落的开头，可能会是该段的主旨句。设空处后面how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal也是引出该段话题或是对主旨句的进一步说明。另根据句子结构一致的原则，可找到与此问句结构一致的选项 B；So how should you motivate yourself？故选B。空格为承上启下句解题攻略在某段第一句设空的内容也有可能为承上启下的句子，这就需要学生做到瞻前顾后，既熟悉上一段结尾的内容，又结合下一段的内容，分析所选的答案是否能够将两段内容连贯起来。典例(2018全国卷)“I ad
4、ore dancing，”says Lester Bridges，the owner of a dance studio in Iowa.“I cant imagine doing anything else with my life.”Bridges runs dance classes for all ages.“Teaching dance is wonderful.37_D_ Its great to watch them.For many of them，its a way of meeting people and having a social life.”38_“I can t
5、ell you about one young couple，”says Bridges.“Theyre learning to do traditional dances.They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile.39._F_”ASo why do we dance?DMy older students say it makes them feel young.FDancing seems to change their feeling completely.解析：A 本题空格在段首，需要填一个主旨
6、句或一个承上启下句。解本题可用关联逻辑法。上文提到跳舞能使人感到年轻，是一种结识人和社会生活的一种方式，由本段中的“They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile.”可知，跳舞可以让原本情绪低落的他们变得开心，故 A 项(那么我们为什么跳舞呢？)符合语境，起到承上启下的作用。段尾题还有一种可能，即这一空是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否能与选项紧密连接起来。典例(2018浙江卷 6 月)Moving into a n
7、ew home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience.Of course，you want to make sure that you become an accepted and valuable part of your new neighborhood.The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should._31_FPeople tend to take pride in keeping e
8、verything in their street fresh and inviting.GHere are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly.解析：G 本题设空处为第一段段尾。空格前一句“The easiest way to.a good neighbor should.”，同时结合下文几段的具体做法可知，G 项“这里是几个能帮你快速在社区中获得大家的友谊的窍门”能很好地起到过渡作用，本设空类型为过渡句类。故选 G 项。空格为总结、概括句解题攻略做题时一要注意空格前的一句或两句；二是注意在
9、选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结的信号词，如 to conclude，in a word，thus，hence，in short，to sum up，therefore，as a result 等词语；三是要注意与前文的逻辑关系，找到关键的线索词句，如表示转折、对比、并列或排比的关系。如果第一段的段尾是空格，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。典例(2019洛阳高三二模)There is no doubt that analyzing the exact data is important
10、 to assessment of an actual event.But data should be dealt with wisely.We often get wrong data which mislead us.Remember，data have no feeling but we humans have.Data dont mean much to people if we do not have the abilities to analyze the data with the knowledge and confidence to judge whether they a
11、re true or false._AThus we should try our best to be wise thinkers.解析：A 本题设空在段尾，空格前的一句论述内容是“如果我们没有能力运用所学知识和自信去分析数据正确与否，那么数据对我们来说就毫无意义”。所得出的结论就是“因此我们要尽最大努力成为一名睿智的思考者”，结合线索词 Thus 可知 A 选项是正确答案。故选 A 项。段中题段中设空即主题句的展开句。尤其注意分析空前后的逻辑关系和行文逻辑及内容的连贯性，注意句间的衔接手段。其特点主要以转折手法引出主题句，或者是用来承上启下的过渡句，也可能是补充前文具体的事实、事例和说明。
12、因此第一步需要依据信息词将选项进行排除之后，把剩下的几个可能正确的选项依次代入设空处，最终判断和确定一个选项和空白处前后内容能达到语意连贯，逻辑关系清晰，最后便得出了正确答案。下面是依据逻辑关系解题的常用方法。根据并列或递进关系解题解题攻略并列或递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间有 first(第一)，second(第二)，third(第三)；firstly(第一，首先)，secondly(第二，其次)，thirdly(第三)；first(首先)，next(其次)，then(那么，然后)；in the first place(第一，首先)，for an
13、other(其次)；to begin with(首先，第一)，to conclude(最后)等连接词或词组，则表明前后两句是逻辑上的并列关系，空格处很有可能是个并列的句子。如果空格前后两句之间有 also(也，而且)，further(进一步地，而且)，furthermore(而且，此外)，likewise(同样地，也)，similarly(相同地，类似地)，moreover(而且，此外)，in addition(另外)，whats more(更重要的是)，not only.but also(不但而且)等连接词或词组，则表明前后两句是逻辑上的递进关系，空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。典例(2019
14、北京卷)Much of the work in todays world is accomplished(完成)in teams.Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals._46_Companies spend millions hiring top business people.Is their money well spent?BSports team owners spend millions of dollar
15、s attracting top talent.解析：B 细节句。设空处后的“Companies spend millions hiring top business people.”与本空为并列关系，故答案为 B 项：体育团队的老板们花数百万美元吸引顶尖人才。根据转折或让步关系解题解题攻略转折或让步关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间有 however(然而)，nevertheless(然而，不过)，still(还，仍然)，though(可是，不过，然而)，yet(然而)，on the contrary(正相反)，in contrast(与此相反，相比之下)
16、，in comparison(比较起来，与比较)，by comparison(相比之下)等连接词，则表明前后两句话是逻辑上的逆转，空格处很有可能表示转折或让步关系。典例(2017全国卷)I was，nevertheless，talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness._38_Instead，we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner.My nature-loving friends had remembered to
17、 bring all the necessities of life.AThis time there was no tent.解析：A 根据后文转折副词 Instead 后的描述“我们这次有野营车，里面有舒服的床和空调”可知，这次的野营没有帐篷，故选 A项。根据因果关系解题解题攻略如果前后的句子之间出现 as a result(结果)，thus/therefore(因此)，so/such.that(如此以至于)等标志性词语，表明前后句有着因果关系。典例(全国卷)If you find a public speaking course that looks as though its goin
18、g to give you lots of dos and donts，walk away！Your brain is so full of what youre going to be talking about._54_.As far as were concerned，there are basically no hard and fast rules about public speaking.Your audience can be your friends.GSo trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make
19、 things worse解析：G 本题可利用因果关系解题。空格前面一句“Your brain is so full of what youre going to be talking about.(你的大脑充满了要谈的内容。)”表示原因，而 G 项中的 So 在此处表示结果。故选 G 项。根据解释例证关系解题解题攻略前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性，思维过程基本是归纳(从例子到观点)和演绎(从观点到例子)。典例(2019全国卷)Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and l
20、ong term objectives，keeping in mind your beliefs，values and strengths.Remember that goals are flexible._39_They also need to be measurable.You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.EThey can change according to circumstances.解析：E 细节句。句意：它们可以根据情况来改变。设空处前面的句子提到 Remember that goals are flexible.(要记得目标是灵活的。)，接下来可能会接着解释它们会改变。选项 E 中的 They 与上句话中的 goals 指代一致。故选 E。
