1、X8U12means n手段；方法3majority n大多数；大半minority n少数6percentage n百分比；百分率7boom n(人口、贸易的)繁荣 vi.处于经济迅速发展时期8applicant n申请人apply v申请application n申请9customs n海关；关税；进口税12luggage n行李17punishment n处罚；惩罚punish v惩罚；处罚18justice n正义；公平injustice(反义词)1means n. 方法；手段by all means 务必；一定；当然可以by any means 无论如何by no means 决不(
2、用于句首时引起部分倒装)by this/these means 用这种/这些办法by means of 依靠方法，借助手段 即学即练1(1)Taking a plane is _ getting there.去那儿最快的方式是坐飞机。(2)All possible means _ been tried.Every possible means _ been tried.所有(每一种)可能的办法都已经试过了。the quickest means of/have/has (3)This plan must be realized _.这个计划必须完成。(4)Thoughts are express
3、ed _ words.思想靠语言来表达。(5)By no means _ left alone.绝不能把他单独留下。by all means/by means of/should he be提示：(1)means 表示“方法、方式、手段”，其单复数同形。当 means 做主语且有 every, each 等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数；有 some, several, many, few, all 等词修饰时，谓语动词用复数。(2)by this means 强调的是“有条理的办事方法”；in this way 强调的是“用简便的方法”，in 有时候可以省略；with this method 强调
4、的是“用已形成的系统的、理论的方法”。2majority n. 大多数，大半the majority 大多数(其做主语表整体时，谓语用单数；若表成员情况时，谓语用复数。)the majority ofn. U单数谓语the majority ofn. pl.复数谓语be in the majority 占大多数by/with a majority of 以大多数赢得 即学即练2(1)_ were present at the meeting.大多数人出席了会议。(2)_ the people seem to prefer watching games to playing games.大部分人
5、似乎喜欢观看比赛胜于参加比赛。The majority/The majority of (3)He was elected by _ 765.他以765票的多数票当选。a large majority of8a good/great many 许多，很多a good/great manymanya great number ofn. (pl.)a great many of them (us) (代词)the (these, those)n. (pl.)many a单数可数名词单数谓语动词 即学即练8(1)Tom found that there were _ people already t
6、here.汤姆发现那儿已经有很多人了。(2)It seems that _ them are out of work now. 似乎他们中的许多人现在失业了。a great/good many/a great/good many of (3)Many a student _ this song.很多学生喜欢这首歌。likes1. means/manner/method/approach/way(1)means表示“方法”“手段”“工具”“财产”，与of搭配。(2)manner表示“方式”“方法”，指个人喜欢采用的方式，与of搭配。 (3)method指做某事的具体步骤或程序，也指系统的、抽象概
7、念的原理，与of搭配。(4)way是最通用的词，也是最不正式的词。本义是“通路”，引申作“方式”“方法”讲，含义很广，与of或动词不定式搭配。(5)approach也有“方法，步骤，途径”的意思。它侧重指待人接物或思考问题的方式。与toward或to搭配。 应用1(1)This book provides a good _ to psychology.本书提供研究心理学的良好门径。(2)The _ of their meeting makes a good story.他们相见的方式似乎有些传奇色彩。Approach /manner (3)The quickest _ of travel is
8、 by plane.最快的旅行方式是乘飞机。(4)In this _ over several days, the artist and his mouse became friends.就这样过了几天，这位艺术家和他的老鼠成了好朋友。(5)He is a man of _.他是个有条理的人。Means/way/methodX8U22twin n双胞胎之一；孪生儿之一 adj.成对的；成双的5breakthrough n突破18drawback n缺点；不利条件19feather n. 羽毛X8U33product n产品6caution n小心，谨慎cautious adj.小心的，谨慎的c
9、autiously adv.小心地，谨慎地9file n文件；档案；文件夹 vt.提交；将归档14current n(水或气)流；电流 adj.现在的；当前的18competence n能力；胜任；本领case构成的短语的用法应用(1)It is reported that there will be a heavy rain tomorrow, _ the hike would be put off.Ain any case Bin which caseCin no case Din case答案：B解析：该题考查case的相关短语及定语从句，根据前面说“据说明天有大雨”，可知hike在这种
10、情况下要推迟，which引导定语从句，指代整个主句。 (2)The first bus has just left and the next bus will come in twenty minutes._， we will have to wait.AIn this case BIn this wayCBy this means DIn the end答案：A (3)John may phone tonight. I dont want to go out _ he phones.Aas long as Bin order thatCin case Dso that答案：C解析：as lo
11、ng as意为“只要”，in order that意为“为了”，in case意为“以防”，so that意为“以致；为了”。in case引导条件状语从句。 (4)I dont think Ill need any money, but Ill bring some _.Aat last Bin caseConce again Din time答案：B解析：根据句子中所说自己目前不需要钱，可是要带一点备用或者以防万一。in case是“以防万一”的意思，恰好符合此意。in time是“及时，恰好，迟早”的意思。 (5)Youd better take something to read wh
12、en you go to see the doctor _ you have to wait.Aeven if Bas ifCin case Din order that答案：CX8U41adaptation n适应(性)；改编本adapt vt.改编，(使)适应4outcome n结果；效果7remark n谈论；言论；评述 vt. & vi.谈论；评论；说起9acquaintance n相识，了解，熟人10fortune n机会；运气；大笔的钱11status n身份；地位；职位16compromise n. & vi.妥协；折衷6acquaintance n. C认识的人，熟人；U认识，
13、有交情；了解have acquaintance with sb. 与认识，有交情have acquaintance with sth. 对了解make sb.s acquaintance/make the acquaintance of sb.与某人初次相见、结识某人on first acquaintance 初次相见时即学即练6(1)I _ at a party.我是在一个聚会上认识他的。(2)He has some little _ the English language. 他稍微会一点儿英语。made his acquaintance/acquaintance with1.acquai
14、ntance/friend/companion(1)acquaintance熟人，相识的人；尤指在工作和事业中认识的人。(2)friend朋友；指关系密切、感情较深者。(3)companion同伴，伙伴；指共同参加某种活动或在某种情况下同甘共苦的人。 应用1(1)a traveling _旅伴(2)a trusted _知已(3)a nodding _点头之交(4)a _ in despair患难之交Companion/friend/acquaintance/companionX8U51alternative n. 可能的选择 adj.供选择的；其他的2starvation n挨饿；饿死sta
15、rve vi.挨饿；饿死3accuracy n精确；准确accurate adj.准确的；精确的8botany n植物学botanical adj.植物学的，与植物学有关的9analysis n分析analyses pl.analyse vt.分析analyst n分析者，化验员analytic(al) adj.分析的，解析的10category n种类；类别；范畴11significance n意义；意思；重要性，重要意义14academy n学院；学会；学术团体；院校1alternative n. (两者或两者以上)选择；二选其一；可供选择的东西；替代物adj. 选其一的；替代的an al
16、ternative to. 的替代品have no alternative but to do sth. 别无选择只好做alternative energy 可替代能源 即学即练1(1)Have you got an _ suggestion?你有没有其他的建议？(2)You _ marrying or remaining a bachelor.你可以结婚也可以仍做单身汉，任你选择。alternative/have the alternative of (3)We have _.除了继续下去，我们没有选择的余地。(4)There is _.除了战斗，没有其他的办法。no alternative
17、 but to go on/no alternative but to fight5arrest n. 逮捕；拘留vt. 逮捕；吸引arrest sb. for 因而逮捕某人get arrested 遭逮捕arrest ones attention 引起注意under arrest 被捕make an arrest 进行拘捕 即学即练5(1)Embry _ stealing cars.恩布里因为偷车而被捕了。(2)He was placed _ in 1995.他在1995年被软禁。(3)The police expected to _ soon.警方很快就会进行拘捕。was arrested
18、 for/under house arrest/make an arrest1.alternative/choice/selection(1)alternative一般强调在只有两种可能性或者行为方式之间进行的选择。(2)choice泛指从一组人或物中进行的自由选择，指选择，挑选，抉择。(3)selection含有从许多可供选择的人或物中择优选拔的意思。 应用1(1)The store offers a wide _ of fruit and vegetables.商店提供许多可供选择的水果和蔬菜。(2)An unhappy _ is before you. Your mother will never see you again if you do not marry Mr Collins, and I will never see you again if you do.摆在你面前的是个很不幸的难题，你得自己去选择。如果你不嫁给柯林斯先生，你母亲就再也不想见你，而如果你要嫁给他，我就再也不愿见到你。Choice/alternative (3)Parents should be careful in their _ of the movies their young children see.家长们在为孩子们挑选电影时应小心谨慎。selection
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