1、Unit 3 On the movePeriod2 Using language知识点梳理单元语法精讲精练动词不定式作定语和状语I.语法感知感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题1That football is such a simple game to play is perhaps the basis of its popularity.2It is fun enough to attract millions of people.3Football has become one of the best ways for people to communicate.1句1和句3中的动词不定式
2、作定语。2句2中的动词不定式作结果状语。II.语法精析动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等，但不能作谓语。一、结构基本结构：to动词原形，有时不定式符号to可以省略。否定形式：not to动词原形。不定式有形式和语态变化，通常有下表中的几种形式(以do为例)：形式主动被动一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have been done进行式to be doing完成进行式to have been doing二、动词不定式作定语不定式及其短语作定语，与
3、其他短语作定语一样，一般都放在被修饰的词之后，通常表示一个将来的动作，有时也可以表示某一过去的特定动作。 动词不定式作定语与被修饰的词之间有一定的逻辑关系。这些关系常见的有三种。1不定式与被修饰的名词或代词有逻辑上的动宾关系。He told me he had a composition to write.他告诉我他有一篇作文要写。I want to get something to drink.我想喝点东西。由上述例句得知，此时的不定式必须是及物动词。如果是不及物动词，其后就带一个结构或含义上所需要的介词。如：Will you please bring me a chair to sit i
4、n?请给我拿把椅子来坐好吗？She has nothing to worry about.她没有什么可担心的事。2不定式与被修饰的名词或不定代词有逻辑上的主谓关系。如：He was the last one to arrive.他是最后一个到达的人。Is there anyone to take care of the children?有人照顾这个孩子吗？例句中的不定式动作的逻辑主语分别是one和anyone。此时的不定式在意义上相当于一个定语从句。如：Among the men to take part in the work(Among the men who are to take p
5、art in the work)，he is probably the most active.在参加这项工作的人当中，他可能是最活跃的。3不定式所修饰的词在意义上通常是用于不定式所做某种事情的。如：We have got a new way to kill field mice.我们找到了一种杀死田鼠的方法。I think he will have a chance to go to his hometown.我认为他有机会去他的家乡。可以看出，way是用来to kill field mice，chance是用来 to go to his hometown。因此，这种类型的不定式译法较灵活，
6、可译作“的”或“来/去”等。如：She has no time to see the film.她没有时间去看那部电影。4几点用法(1)不定式作定语，修饰the first，the last，the third等，中心词为不定式的执行者时用to do(主动式)，中心词为不定式承受者时用to be done(被动式)。The newspaper reporter was the last to walk out of the cave.那位报社记者是最后一个走出山洞的。This is the third question to be discussed.这是要讨论的第三个问题。(2)中心词是由动
7、词派生的名词，原动词常用不定式作宾语，此类名词有wish，decision，refusal，arrangement，intention，agreement，hope，need，plan，promise，failure，attempt等。They made a decision to put off the meeting until next week.他们做出了把会议推迟到下个星期的决定。He expressed his wish to visit the Great Wall.他表达了参观长城的愿望。He made a promise to be a good boy.他许诺要做一个好孩子
8、。There is no need to build a dam on the small river.没有必要在这条小河上筑坝。(3)中心词是由形容词派生的名词，原形容词常用不定式作状语，此类名词有ability，eagerness，anxiety，patience，willingness等。A good teacher must have the ability to make himself understood.一个好老师必须有让别人理解自己的能力。(4)名词本身是抽象名词，常用不定式解释其中的内容，此类名词有chance，plan，means，courage，effort，measu
9、re，movement，opportunity，power，reason，right，skill，strength，struggle，idea，way，approach等。In our country，everyone has the right to go to school.在我们国家，每个人都有上学的权利。He has a strange way to make his classes lively and interesting.他有一种奇特的方法使他的课生动有趣。(5)中心词是不定式的执行者，动词不定式应后于谓语或在未来发生。He had no photographs to remi
10、nd him of the past.他没有照片来回忆过去。We are in need of nurses to look after the patients.我们需要护士照顾病人。Is there anybody to carry on the work?有人继续做这项工作吗？(6)中心词是不定式的承受者，不定式应该是及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语，不定式通常不能带宾语。不定式的执行者是句子的主语，间接宾语或泛指的人，用主动式to do；强调不定式另有一个执行者，用被动式to be done。I have a letter to post，so I cant go to swim wit
11、h you.我有一封信要寄，所以我不能和你一起去游泳。I have a letter to be posted.Can you help me?我有一封信要寄出去，你能帮我吗？注意：不定式为不及物动词时，应有必要的介词。She has a lot of things to attend to.她有许多事情要处理。Is there something to be ashamed of?这有什么值得羞愧的吗？He is looking for a room to live in.他正在找房间住。I have nothing really to complain about.我真的没什么好抱怨的。注
12、意：(1)中心词如果是time，place，way，不定式可省略后面的介词。如：He is looking for a place to live (in)(2)在There be句型中，to do和 to be done在多数情况下语义相同。如：There is a lot to be said/to say about the subject.(7)合成词可作前置定语。如：welltodo family，this nevertobeforgotten day，waitandsee attitude，an easytouse book，doordie policy，difficulttoso
13、lve problem，takehome pay，gotomeeting clothes等。三、动词不定式作结果状语动词不定式作状语表示结果时常用如下结构：so形容词/副词as to do如此以至于such形容词名词as to do如此以至于enough名词to do足够名词/形容词/副词enoughto do足够too形容词/副词to do太以致不能不定式作结果状语，注意下面几种情况：1only to do表示出乎意料、意想不到的结果。He hurried to the railway station，only to find the train had left.他匆忙赶到车站，却发现火车
14、已经开走了。2enough to do，too.to do结构。The Californian ship arrived too late to save more people.加利福尼亚号来得太晚，没能挽救更多的人。The boy isnt old enough to go to school.The boy is too young to go to school.这个男孩年龄太小以至于不能去上学。3在so(such).as to do结构中，意为“如此以至于”。I am not such a fool as to believe a cheat.我还没有傻到相信一个骗子。He is s
15、o kind as to help the old lady off the bus.他是如此善良以至于帮助这位老人下车。He is not so stupid (such a fool) as to do that.他还没有蠢到做那种事。注意：一般说来，不定式作状语的逻辑主语必须是主句主语，主句主语和不定式的动词存在着动作上的主谓或动宾关系。因此不定式短语作状语可以转化为相应的状语从句。结果不定式so(such).as to相当于结果状语从句so(such).that.。III.高考链接A.单句语法填空1Please tell me the subjects _ (discuss) at t
16、he next session.2We need someone_(help) with the work.3Mr Zhang is always the last man _(arrive) at the office.4He got to the station only _(find) the train had left.5The Olympic Games_ (hold) in the year 2022 will be a success.6Women and children were the first _(get) into the lifeboats.7In his spe
17、ech，he expressed their determination_(achieve) their goals.8The speed is high enough for us _(catch) up with the first liner.答案：1.to be discussed 2. to help 3. to arrive 4. to find 5.to be held 6. to get 7. to achieve 8. to catchB.完成句子9He told me that he had no pen _ in composition class.他告诉我在作文课上他没
18、有写字用的钢笔。10I have an important meeting _ next month.我下个月有一个重要会议要出席。11Every day he made one of the smaller animals bring him_ .他每天让一个小动物给他带来一些吃的东西。12The problem _at tomorrows meeting is a very difficult one.明天会上要讨论的问题非常难。13We have made a plan _ Lei Feng after discussing.讨论后我们制定了一个向雷锋学习的计划。答案：9. to wri
19、te with 10.to attend 11.something to eat 12. to be discussed 13. to learn fromC.单句写作1我们应当有勇气承认自己是无知的。 _2她晚上通常有很多会议要参加。_3我不至于愚蠢到会把它写下来。_4她焦急地从包里拿出那件衣服来试穿，结果发现它不合适。_5我代表我们学校的学生会，到首都国际机场迎接交换生。(represent；现在分词作状语)_6苦干、决心和善良的天性使她走进了医学院的大门。(It is.that.，as well as)_7一旦启动，今年这个工程就很难停下来。(once引导的状语从句的省略)_8他想知道经
20、理在会议上说了些什么。(what引导的宾语从句)_9让人难以理解的是为什么她偷走了我的手机。(It isadj.to dowhy)_答案：1.We must have the courage to admit that we are ignorant.2. She usually has a lot of meetings to attend in the evenings.3.Im not so stupid(such a fool) as to put it in writing.4.Anxiously，she took the dress out of the package and t
21、ried it on，only to find it didnt fit.、5.I，representing the students union of our school，went to the capital international airport to meet the exchange students.6.It was hard work and determination as well as her good nature that got her into medical school.7.The project is hard to stop once begun this year.8.He wanted to know what the manager had said at the meeting.9.It is difficult to understand why she has stolen my mobile phone.