1、走向高考 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索人教版(课标卷地区)高考总复习语法专项突破第二部分专题四 动词与动词短语第二部分一、特定语境下动词词义的辨析1adapt，adjust，adopt，attachadapt适应，adapt oneself to使自己适应adjust 适应，调整，adjust oneself to使自己适应adopt采取，采纳；收养，领养attach 把附在上；重视attach much importance to.非常重视According to experts，China needs to adjust its family planning policy to f
2、ight against an aging population.根据专家的建议，中国需要调整计划生育政策来应对人口老龄化问题。Parents attach much importance to education.They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.父母都非常重视教育。他们会尽自己最大的努力给予孩子们无价的馈赠。2injure，hurt，wound，destroyAs a matter of fact，I didnt mean to hurt his feelings.事实上，我不想伤害他的感情
3、。injure一般指在意外事故中受伤。hurt表示“伤害”的一般用法，既可指肉体的伤害，也可指情感的伤害。wound 常指外伤，尤指在战争、战斗中造成的伤害。destroy一般指彻底损坏，常译成“毁坏，损坏”。3fit，suit，matchShe matched the carpet with some very nice curtains in colour.她用颜色非常好看的窗帘和这地毯搭配起来。fit及物动词，表示“适合，合身”。作形容词，表示“适合的，健康的”。常构成be fit for搭配。作不及物动词，表示“吻合，合身”。suit作“适合”解，常强调颜色、款式、质地等适合某人，而f
4、it则强调尺寸、大小合身。match表示“在(品质、颜色、设计等方面)与相配”。4spend，cost，take，payThe watch was very good，and he paid 20 percent down for it.那块表很不错，他以20%的折扣价买下了它。spend主语只能是人。常用结构：sb.spend(s)some time/moneyon sth./in doing sth.cost主语只能是指物的名词、代词或名词性短语。常用结构：sth.cost(s)sb.some money take主语多为指物的名词。常用结构：ittakes(sb.)some timeto
5、 do sth.pay主语是人，为买某物而付钱。常用结构：sb.pay(s)some moneyfor sth.The government was planning a new railway connectingBeijing and Shanghai.政府当时正在规划一条连接北京和上海的新铁路。In this day and age，women can have children and jobs as well.I cant agree more.Its great to have the two combined.在当今时代，妇女既可以带孩子又可以工作。我完全赞成。把两者结合起来太棒
6、了。6rise，arise，raiserise升起，是不及物动词，其过去式是rose，过去分词risen。arise(问题等)出现，是不及物动词，其过去式与过去分词：arose，arisen。raise 举起，是及物动词，是规则动词。The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳东方升起西方落下。Those who want to say anything more raise your hand and then rise to speak.想多发言的人举手，然后站起来发言。温馨提示常见形近动词小结综观近几年高考试题对动词的考查不难发现，高
7、考题中所给的四个选项常出现词形相似的情况，考生在平时遇到词形相近的动词应注意归纳。这里总结了一些常见的形似动词：1translate(翻译)，transport(运输)，transplant(移植)，transform(改变，转变);2conserve(保护)，preserve(保护，维护)，reserve(保留);3 commit(犯)，submit(提 交，呈 递)，permit(允 许)，admit(承认);4imply(暗示)，apply(应用)，supply(提供)，reply(答复);5inspect(检查)，expect(期待)，respect(尊敬)，suspect(怀疑);6
8、resist(抵抗)，persist(持续)，insist(坚持)，assist(帮助)，consist(由组成);7rise(上升)，arise(出现)，raise(提高)，arouse(唤醒);8affect(影响)，afford(买得起，提供)，offer(给予，提供);9succeed(成功)，proceed(进行)，exceed(超越);10explode(爆炸)，explore(考察，探究)，export(出口);11require(要求)，acquire(获得)，inquire(询问)，inspire(鼓舞);12contribute(捐献)，distribute(分配);13a
9、dapt(使适应)，adopt(采纳，收养);14consume(消耗)，assume(假定)。二、特定语境下动词短语词义的辨析break 短语break away from脱离；背叛；break down损坏；(化学)分解；(汽车)抛锚；垮掉；break in闯入，强行进入；插嘴，打断；break into闯入；打断，突然(笑、唱等)起来；break off打断；折断；break out(战争、火灾等)突然发生，爆发；break up(物理)分解；粉碎，破碎；结束；散开，解散The machine must break down at this busy hour.正忙的时候机器偏偏坏了。h
10、old短语hold back隐瞒；阻碍；犹豫；控制(情感)；hold out伸出；坚持，维持；hold up阻挡，使停顿；支撑得住；hold on等着；别挂断；坚持住；hold on to保留；抓住不放Id hold on to that house for the time being；house prices are rising sharply at the moment.我目前要守住那套房子，这段时间房价涨得很快。bring短语bring about引起，导致；bring back把送回，归还；使回忆起；bring down使倒下；降低；bring in引进；挣得；bring out使
11、罢工；阐明；出版；bring up教育，培养The government has taken measures to bring down the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.政府已经采取措施来降低日用品的高价格，以保持市场稳定。make短语make sense有意义，讲得通；make it及时到达；成功；make up编造；化妆；组成，构成；补齐，凑足；铺床；和好；make up for补偿，弥补；make up of由构成；make room for让地方；make fun of取笑；make use of利用；
12、make way for为开路，让路；make up ones mind打定主意，决定The boy is working harder than ever，hoping to make up the time he has wasted playing online games.为了把浪费在网络游戏上的时间弥补回来，男孩比之前学习更努力。come短语come about发生，产生；come along一起来；come across(偶然)遇见(或发现)；come off从离开，脱落；come on来吧，赶快；come out出来；(书)出版；come to共计，达到；come up with
13、追上，赶上；想出(主意)；找出(答案)Would you like to come along with us to the film tonight?今晚你愿意和我们一起去看电影吗？put短语put aside放在一边；put away收起来放好；储蓄；put back放回原处；拨回；推迟；put down放下；平定，镇压；记下；put forward提出(计划、建议等)；拨快；提前；put off延期，推迟；使分神；put out扑灭；生产；公布；put through接通电话；put up提出；建造；举起；张贴，公布；留宿，过夜；put up with容忍He decided that
14、he would drive all the way home instead of putting up at a hotel for the night.他决定当晚直接开车回家，而不住旅馆。get短语get across被理解；get along/on with进展；与相处；get down下来；记下；get down to开始认真干；get off出发；下车；get through通过；打通(电话)；用完，耗尽Team leaders must ensure that all members get over their natural desire to avoid the embar
15、rassment associated with making mistakes.团队领导者必须要确保所有的队员克服本能的欲望以避免犯错误带来的尴尬。set短语set about着手干；开始做；set aside暂时不考虑；把放到一旁；省出，留出；set off动身；引爆；引起，激发；set out开始；动身；陈述，阐明In much of the animal world，night is the time set aside for sleeppure and simple.对大多数动物而言，夜晚就是被腾出来睡觉的时间纯粹而又简单。give短语give away泄露；颁发；赠送；give
16、back归还；使恢复；give in屈服；呈交；give off发出，放出(气味、光、热等)；give out用尽，耗尽；分发；公布，发表；发出(光、热等)；give up放弃He said he wasnt disappointed at the result of the final exam，but the look on his face gave himself away.他说他对期末考试的结果不失望，但是他脸上的表情出卖了他。take短语take charge of负责，掌管；take in吸收；欺骗；蒙骗；改小，改瘦；take off(飞机)起飞；脱下；休假；迅速流行；(事业)腾
17、飞；take on呈现；雇用；承担(责任)；take over接管，接任；take the place of代替；take up从事；拿起；占据(时间或空间)Some insects take on the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves.有些昆虫为了自我保护会随着周围环境改变自身颜色。turn短语turn away转身，走开；打发走；turn down拒绝；调小；turn off关掉；turn on打开；turn out结果；证明是；关掉；生产，制造；turn over打翻；仔细思量；移交；turn to求助于；翻到，转到
18、；turn up调大；出现You look upset.Whats the matter?I had my proposal turned down again.你看起来很沮丧，怎么了？我的提议再次遭到了拒绝。其他常考的动词短语account for解释，说明；answer for对负责，担保，担忧；consist of包括，由组成；contribute to有助于，导致；figure out想清楚，弄明白，算出；focus on/upon集中(精神、注意力)于；insist on坚持要求；object to反对；point out指出；refer to提到，指的是，查阅；meet with偶遇；result in结果是，导致；see to照看，处理，负责；show off炫耀；stick to坚持，不放弃；use up耗尽，用尽；wear out耗尽，使筋疲力尽Jack cant concentrate on his study recently.Yes，that might account for why he did so badly in the last test.杰克近来不集中精力学习。是的，这也许就是他上次考试非常糟糕的原因。