1、句子种类重难点分析句子是具有一定的语法结构，表达一个独立完整意义的语言单位。高考重点要求考生：1.掌握陈述句的基本用法；2.掌握一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句的应答；3.掌握祈使句的构成及作用；4.掌握感叹句的用法和构成；5.分清简单句、并列句和复合句的类型。考生对句子种类相关知识的掌握对提高书面表达的准确性也显得尤为重要。一、句子种类分类句子种类例句按使用目的陈述句肯定句He is six years old. 他六岁了。否定句She didnt hear of you before. 她之前没听说过你。疑问句一般Do they like skating? 他们喜欢溜冰吗？特
2、殊How old is he? 他多大了？选择Is he six or seven years old? 他是六岁还是七岁？反意Mary can swim, cant she? 玛丽会游泳，不是吗？祈使句Be quiet, boys. Dont talk in class. 安静，孩子们。不要在课堂上讲话。感叹句How clever the boy is! / What a clever boy he is! 一个多么聪明的男孩啊！按结构简单句He often reads English in the morning. 他常常在早晨读英语。Tom and Mike are American b
3、oys. 汤姆和迈克是美国人。并列句(由并列连词or, and, but等或用分号把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起)You help him and he helps you. 你帮助他，他也帮助你。The food was good, but he had little appetite. 饭菜很好吃，但他没什么胃口。The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。复合句(含有一个或一个以上的从句)The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at th
4、e Great Wall. 外国游人在登上长城时，拍了许多相片。二、简单句的五种基本句型句型例句主语+不及物动词We arrived. 我们到了。主语+及物动词+宾语Henry bought a dictionary. 亨利买了一本字典。主语+及物动词+双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语)My father bought me a car. 我父亲给我买了一辆小汽车。主语+及物动词+复合宾语(宾语+宾补)Tom made the baby laugh. 汤姆使得那个婴儿笑了。主语+系动词+表语He is a student. 他是个学生。三、并列句和并列连词分类常用并列连词例句表示联合and(同/和)
5、, when(=and just at this time就在这时), not onlybut also(不仅而且), neithernor(既不也不), bothand(和两者都)The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John. 老师的名字是史密斯，学生的名字是约翰。表示选择or(或者/否则), otherwise(否则), or else(否则), eitheror(不是就是/或者或者/要么要么)Did he divorce his wife or did she divorce him? 是他要和妻子离婚，还是妻子要和他
6、离婚？表示转折but(但是/可是), yet(可是)Now I am a grown-up, but I find things do not go as I expected. 现在我已经长大了，但我发现事情并不像我想象的那样。表示对比while(而/却), notbut(不是而是)My husband is extremely long-sighted while I am very short-sighted. 我丈夫深度远视，而我则严重近视。表示因果for(因为), so(所以/因此)I have a good memory so I learn more quickly than o
7、thers. 我记忆力很好，因此学起来比别人快一些。注意：when作并列连词，常译为“就在这时”，主要用于was/were doing sth. when sth./sb. did; was/were about to do sth. when sth./sb. did; was/were on the point of doing sth. when sth./sb. did等句型中，表示“当某人或某物正在或正要做某事，就在这时突然又发生另一事”。如：I was walking in the park with my parents when I saw two foreigners. 我和
8、父母在公园散步，就在这时我看到了两个外国人。四、感叹句1. 感叹句的用法：表示说话人强烈的感情。讲解句型例句WhatWhat引导的感叹句的中心词是名词What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+(主语+谓语)！What a cold day (it is)! 今天天气真冷啊！What an old house (it is)! 这房子真老啊！What nice air (it is)! 空气真好啊！How How引导的感叹句的中心词是形容词或副词How+形容词/副词+ (主语+谓语)！How cold (it is) today! 今天天气真冷啊！How happy (the children ar
9、e)! 孩子们真开心啊！How hard (the student works)! 这个学生学习多努力啊！2. 注意：(1)在复数可数名词和不可数名词之前不可用“How+形容词”构成感叹句，而应用“What+形容词+复数可数名词或不可数名词”。也就是说“How+形容词”可置于带不定冠词的单数名词之前构成感叹句。如：What great changes we have had these years! 这些年我们的变化真大啊！(不可说成How great changes we have had these years!)(2) 在口语中，感叹句的主语和谓语常常省略。如：What a nice p
10、resent! (省略it is)How disappointed! (省略she is或其它可作本句主、谓的词语)五、祈使句表示请求或命令的句子是祈使句。谓语动词无时态与数的变化，用动词原形。祈使句一般用降调，为了使祈使句听起来比较婉转，可用低升调，祈使句句末用句号或感叹号。1. 祈使句有两种主要类型，即含有第二人称和带有第一、三人称主语的祈使句。每种类型又有肯定形式和否定形式。用dont否定时，通常只能用其缩略式。1含有第二人称的祈使句Be sure to come on time. 请务必按时来。Dont ever do that again. 请不要再做那事了。2带有第一、三人称主语的
11、祈使句(通常以let为引导词)Lets have a rest. 咱们休息一会儿。Let us try again. 让我们再试试。Dont lets open the window. 咱们别开窗了。(非正式)3其他形式的祈使句以no开始的禁止性祈使句No entry. 禁止入内。No parking. 禁止停车。No smoking. 禁止吸烟。固定短语Out with it. 说出来吧。Faster. 快点。Beg pardon. 请原谅。2. 注意： 第二人称主语通常不表示出来，有时为了强调指明向谁提出要求或发出命令，主语也可表示出来，这时主语需要重读。 第一人称祈使句可在let前面加d
12、o，表示强调，而第三人称祈使句不可以。如：Do let me have another try. 请务必让我再试试。注意以下两句的区别：Dont let the children make much noise. 不要让孩子发出大的噪声。Let the children not make much noise. 让孩子不要发出大的噪声。 为了使祈使句听起来比较客气、婉转，除了用低升调外，还可用下列方法：a. 在句首或句末加please。如：Please give me a hand. 请帮一下忙。Lend me your dictionary, please. 请把你的字典借给我。b. 在句末
13、加will you。如：Read the text, will you? 读一下课文好吗？c. please和will you同时使用。如：Be careful, please, will you? 请小心些，行吗？d. 句末用would you则更加客气。如：Shut the window, would you? 关上窗户，行吗？e. 句末加wont you, cant you, why dont you。如：Turn down the radio, wont you? 关小声一点收音机，好吗？Take it away, cant you? 拿走，不行吗？Be patient, why do
14、nt you? 耐心点，难道不行吗？六、反意疑问句反意疑问句由陈述句和简略问句构成。当陈述句为肯定时，简略问句用否定；当陈述句为否定时，简略问句用肯定。同时简略问句的主语和陈述句保持一致，只能用人称代词或it(there除外)，简略问句的谓语动词也与陈述句保持一致，如果是否定，一定要用简写。如：Jim isnt a student, is he? 吉姆不是一名学生，是吗？There are some books in it, arent there? 它里面有一些书，不是吗？说明例句1陈述部分是“Im”结构，疑问部分一般用“arent I”。Im late, arent I? 我迟到了，不是吗
15、？2陈述句中有little, few, no, never, nothing, nobody, hardly, seldom, scarcely等词表示否定时，简略问句用肯定。Some plants never bloom, do they? 有一些植物永远不开花，是吗？3陈述部分含有由“表示否定意义的前缀”构成的词的反意疑问句，其反意疑问部分一般用否定形式。Tom dislikes playing football, doesnt he? 汤姆不喜欢踢足球，不是吗？4陈述句中有指物的不定代词nothing, something, anything时，简短问句中用代词it；陈述句中有指人的不定
16、代词everyone, no one, someone, everybody, nobody, anybody时，简短问句中用代词he或they。Something is wrong with the computer, isnt it? 这台电脑有毛病了，对吗？Everyone is here, arent they/isnt he? 大家都到齐了，是吗？5陈述句的主语是指示代词this, that等时，疑问部分的主语it逻辑上与之一致。This is very important, isnt it? 这非常重要，不是吗？6陈述部分如果是“I (dont) think (believe, s
17、uppose) +宾语从句”时，疑问部分中的谓语动词和主语应与宾语从句中的主语和谓语动词保持一致。I dont believe she knows it, does she? 我相信她不知道，是吗？7含有情态动词must的句子表示猜测时，疑问部分与must后面部分保持一致，不能用mustnt；当must表示“有必要”时，疑问部分用neednt；当mustnt表示禁止时，疑问部分一般用must。He must be a doctor, isnt he? 他是一名医生，不是吗？You mustnt walk on grass, must you? 禁止在草地上行走，是吗？8祈使句的反意疑问句：肯定
18、祈使句+will you/wont you?；否定祈使句+will you? 注意：以Lets开头的用shall we，以Let us开头的用will you。Dont do that again, will you? 别那样做了，好吗？Lets play football, shall we? 咱们踢足球吧，好吗？Let us go shopping, will you? 咱们逛街去吧，好吗？9陈述部分含有used to时，反意疑问句部分用usednt或didnt均可。You used to get up early, usednt/didnt you? 你过去常常很早起床，不是吗？10感叹
19、句的反意疑问句一律用否定式，并用be的一般现在时。What a lovely girl, isnt she? 好可爱的一个女孩，不是吗？11前面否定后面肯定的反意疑问句，在回答时需根据其实际情况而定，实际情况是肯定的，则用“Yes+肯定结构”；实际情况是否定的，则用“No+否定结构”。 You cant speak English, can you? 你不会英语，是吗？ Yes, I can. 不，我会的。12关于主句谓语含有“d better”“d rather”和“s”的反意疑问句。Hed like a cup of tea, wouldnt he? 他想要一杯茶，不是吗？Youd bet
20、ter go now, hadnt you? 你最好现在去，好吗？Hes never late for school, is he? 他上学从来不迟到，是吗？Hes never been there, has he? 他从未去过那里，是吗？七、复合句复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体，从句只用作句子的一个次要成分，不能独立成为一个句子。从句通常由关联词引导，并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。从句按其在在复合句中的作用，分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句等。(见专题13、14、15讲解)考点练透一、完成下面的反意疑问句1. Catherin
21、e is a girls name, _?2. I am a teacher, _?3. Theres little water in the glass, _?4. Dont take the book out of the library, _?5. Hell never forget it, _?6. Lets have a rest, _?7. I think Kate speaks English well, _?8. That boy must be Tom, _?9. He can hardly swim, _?10. Everyone in your family is a t
22、eacher, _?二、完成下面的感叹句（根据需要可以加上a或an）1. _ nice music it is! 2. _ that boy missed his mother!3. _ great fun it is to hike!4. _ beautiful parks there are in Shanghai!5. _ good the soup tastes!6. _ useful subject Chinese is!7. _ bad weather it is today!8. _ happy life were living today!9. _ lovely deer th
23、ey are!10. _ bad cold youve got!三、汉译英 将下面的汉语句子翻译成英文。1. 请务必提醒她早点回来。_2. 请你安静一会儿。_3. 让我告诉你答案吧。_4. 不要让任何人打扰你。_5. 请再给他一次机会。_6. 禁止吐痰。/ 禁止乱扔垃圾。/ 禁止吃喝。_7. 不要在教室里吃东西。_8. 对于这件事，咱们什么也不要说。_9. 绝不能以貌取人_10. 勿践草坪。_四、语法填空 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。There are over 800 boarding schools in the UK with students fr
24、om home and foreign countries. Boarding schools 1 (start) hundreds of years ago in the country. 2 the earliest boarding schools were set up for white, rich boys only. Now 3 boys and girls have access to boarding schools from 7 to 18.In the UK, boarding schools have three terms in a school year, 4 13
25、 weeks in each term. Students study and live together. They cant go outside 5 they are not allowed to. In addition to the usual classrooms and laboratories, the boarding schools have lots of other facilities for their students, 6 music rooms, boats, swimming pools, cinemas and theatres. Most boardin
26、g schools have a “light out” time. So 7 it is time to go to bed, all the lights in the bedrooms are turned off. There are house-masters 8 (take) care of students all the time, especially after school hours. Nearly all students at boarding schools wear 9 school uniform. Boys usually wear a shirt and
27、a tie, and girls wear a white blouse, sometimes also a tie and a skirt. As students get 10 (old), the rules become less strict.助读词汇house-master n. 舍监 school uniform 校服boarding school 寄宿学校 set up 建立；设立 have access to 可以使用/进入 in addition to 除了之外 from home and foreign countries/abroad 来自国内外参考答案考点练透一、完成
28、下面的反意疑问句1. isnt it 2. arent I 3. is there 4. will you 5. will he 6. shall we 7. doesnt she 8. isnt he 9. can he 10. arent they / isnt he二、完成下面的感叹句（根据需要可以加上a或an）1. What 2. How 3. What 4. What 5. How 6. What a 7. What 8. What a 9. What 10. What a三、汉译英1. Be sure to remind her to come back early. 2. Be
29、quiet for a moment.3. Let me tell you the answer. 4. Dont let anyone disturb you.5. Do give him another chance. 6. No spitting. / No littering. / No eating or drinking.7. Dont eat in the classroom.8. Lets not say anything about it.9. Never judge a person by looks.10. Keep off the grass.四、语法填空本文作者简单介
30、绍了英国寄宿学校的情况。1. started 动词start在此句中显然作谓语，故只需要考虑时态和语态，由hundreds of years ago可知用一般过去式，语态明显是主动语态。2. But 由后面的were set up for white, rich boys only不难得知，此处存在一个转折关系，不填But，注意大写。高考规定，不大写不给分。3. both 惯用搭配，bothand意为“和都”，此题较为容易。2013年高考也考查了类似搭配(neithernor 既不，也不)。因此，对于这些常用的搭配和习惯用语，同学们一定要熟记。4. with 此空与后面的13 weeks in
31、 each term在整个句子中不作主语也不作宾语，一般常填介词。表示“在中有；带有”，常用with。如：I bought a house last year, with two bedrooms and a dining hall.5. if 空的前后分别是两个分句，一定是填连接词。再分析句意，显然此处存在一个条件关系，故填if。6. including 从语法角度分析同第4题。前面的facilities是“总”，后面罗列的事物是“分”，故填including，意为“包括”。(提示：including是介词，并不是非谓语动词)。7. when 空后分别是两个分句，故肯定是填连接词。再从句意分析不难得知，此处是填when引导的时间状语从句。8. to take 分析句子成分得知，take在此处作非谓语。那只考虑三种形式：-ing, -ed和不定式。此处并不是表示正在发生的动作，故只能填不定式作后置定语。9. a 不定冠词的基本用法，表“一套”。10. older 从后面的less strict不难得知，此处要填older。类似的题，如果括号中的词是形容词，那要么是考比较等级，要么就是词类转化题。句意：随着学生年龄渐长，规则就变得不那么严格了。