1、Section Welcome to the unit & ReadingLanguage points beneficial adj.有益的，有用的(教材P18)Both of these medicines have saved millions of peoples lives and have proved beneficial to mankind since they were invented.自从发明这两种药物以来，它们已挽救了数百万人的生命并被证实对人类有益。(1)be beneficial to对有益(2)benefit n. 利益，好处vi. 有利于，受益be of be
2、nefit to(be beneficial to) 对有益for sb.s benefit(for the benefit of sb.) 为了某人的利益；为帮助某人benefit from/by 从中得益Who exactly stands to benefit from these changes?到底是谁会从这些变革中获益？The new regulations will be of benefit to/be beneficial to everyone concerned.新规章将使所有有关人员受益。Cycling is highly beneficial(benefit) to
3、health and environment.骑自行车对健康和环境都有益。 possess vt.拥有，具有；支配，控制(教材P18)Nearly 3,500 years ago, people chewed on leaves or drank a kind of tea made from leaves possessing a special chemical to reduce body pains and fever.将近3500年前，人们咀嚼一种含有特殊化学物质的树叶或饮用由这种树叶制成的茶，以减轻身体疼痛或退烧。possess oneself of获得，据有be possesse
4、d of 具有(某种品质，能力等)possession n. U拥有；(常用复数)个人财产have/get/gain/take possession of 占有；拥有in possession of 占有in the possession of sb. 为某人所有Third, shop wisely, for meaningful experiences provide more longterm happiness than physical possessions.第三，要明智购物，因为有意义的经历比物质财富提供更长久的快乐。Does the young man standing ther
5、e take possession (possess) of the company?是站在那边的年轻人拥有这家公司吗？No.The company is in the possession(possess) of his father.不，这家公司为他父亲所拥有。图形助记 vital adj.对极重要的，必不可少的；致命的(教材P18)Not only has aspirin proved vital for reducing fever and helping stop pain, but there are also other things that aspirin can help
6、with.阿司匹林不仅被证明对于退烧、止痛必不可少，而且还有其他用途。be vital for/to.对极重要的/必不可少的It is vital to do sth. 做某事极其重要It is vital that. 十分重要Consideration for other people is vital to all of us.对我们所有人而言能体谅别人是极其重要的。It is vital that you keep accurate records.做好准确的记录极为重要。It is vital to_get (get) the victim to the hospital at onc
7、e.把受害者立刻送到医院是至关重要的。名师点津在句型“It is vital that.”中从句谓语动词要用“(should)动词原形”的形式。 potential n可能性，潜在性；潜力，潜能adj.潜在的，可能的(只可作前置定语)(教材P18)Lawrence Craven, a doctor from the USA, introduced the idea in 1953 that aspirin had the potential to reduce the risk of heart attacks, because it helped the blood circulate be
8、tter.美国医生劳伦斯克雷文在1953年提出一个观点，即阿司匹林可能有助于降低心脏病发作的风险，因为它能改善血液循环。potential for(doing)sth.的可能性/潜在性have the potential to do sth. 有潜力做某事He has the potential to become a worldclass musician.他有潜力成为世界级的音乐家。The company certainly has the potential for growth(grow)那家公司肯定有发展潜力。 astonish vt.使十分惊讶，使吃惊(教材P19)It aston
9、ished him to see the bacteria surrounding the mould dead, which meant that the mould had killed them.令他十分惊讶的是，他发现这种霉周围的细菌都死了，这意味着这种霉杀死了它们。(1)astonish sb.使某人惊讶(2)astonished adj. 惊讶的，惊愕的astonishing adj. 令人吃惊的be astonished at/by 对感到惊讶(3)astonishment n. 惊讶，吃惊in/with astonishment 惊奇地；惊愕地，惊讶地to ones aston
10、ishment 使某人惊讶的是It_astonished_me_that no one had thought of it before.让我吃惊的是，以前没有人想到这件事。We were all astonished at the news that he had passed his driving test.听到他通过了驾照考试的消息，我们都感到十分惊讶。To my astonishment(astonish), the car was gone.令我吃惊的是，汽车不见了。 【导学号：25000010】 try out 测试，试验；参加选拔(教材P19)Fleming tried thi
11、s mould out on another bacterium and found that it killed the bacterium too.弗莱明将这种霉用在另外一种细菌上做试验，发现它同样杀死了那种细菌。try sth.out on .在上试验某物try out for 参加的选拔try on 试穿(衣物)try for 试图获得，力争赢得try to do sth. 尽力做某事try doing sth. 试着做某事The boy cant wait to try on his new running shoes this weekend.这周，这个小男孩迫不及待地试穿他的新跑
12、鞋。His brothers example inspired him to try out for the football team.他哥哥的榜样激励他去参加足球队的选拔。Try doing(do) the things you used to enjoy, such as reading or taking a walk in the park.尝试去做一些你过去很享受的事，比如阅读或者到公园去散步。 application n应用，运用；申请，申请表；涂抹，外敷(教材P19)He immediately realized that the mould might have an app
13、lication in treating illnesses caused by bacteria.他立刻意识到，这种霉菌或许可应用于治疗由细菌引起的疾病。(1)an application to sb.for sth.为某事向某人申请(2)apply vi. 申请，请求；适用 vt. 使用apply to 适用于apply (to.)for. (向)申请apply oneself to 致力于，专心于apply.to. 把运用于(3)applicant n. 申请人He made an application to the manager for this post.他向经理申请这个职位。T
14、hese principles apply to learning foreign languages.这些规则适用于学外语。As the wages were low，there were few applicants(apply) for the job.因为工资低，所以申请这份工作的人几乎没有。 effective adj.有效的；实际的，事实上的；生效的(教材P19)Second, it was difficult to produce penicillin in the ample quantities needed to be effective.第二，生产出足量的青霉素以使它发挥
15、药效并非易事。(1)effect n作用，效果have an effect on 对有影响come into effect 生效；开始实行put.into effect 使生效in effect 实际上(2)affect v. 影响The new law will come into effect at the start of September.新的法令将在九月初开始生效。In effect, despite being made aware of what to do, they were still too shy to do what the experienced baboon d
16、id.实际上，尽管知道要做什么，他们还是太害羞以至于不会去做有经验的狒狒做的事。The plan for protecting the endangered animals will soon be put into effect(effective)保护濒临灭绝的动物的计划将很快生效。 in large quantities 大量地(教材P19)In 1940, two other scientists，Howard Florey(Australian)and Ernst Chain(Germanborn English)，helped solve these problems, and m
17、anaged to make and test the new drug in large quantities.在1940年，另外两位科学家，霍华德弗洛里(澳大利亚人)和恩斯特钱恩(德裔英国人)，帮助解决了这一问题，并尝试大量测试和使用这种新药。(1)a (large)quantity of大量的；许多的quantities of 大量的；许多的in quantity 大量，许多(2)quality n. 质量A large quantity of beer has been sold in the past week.在过去的一个星期啤酒销售量很大。Its a lot cheaper if
18、 you buy it in quantity. 大批量购买要便宜得多。Large quantities of furniture of the latest styles are (be)on sale.大批最新款式的家具上市了。名师点津a quantity of/quantities of后面既可以接可数名词也可以接不可数名词，作主语时，其谓语动词的数应该与quantity的数保持一致。 approval n批准，通过；赞成，同意(教材P19)Since the new drug was needed for World War ， the government approval proc
19、ess for penicillin was accelerated, and mass production began in 1944.因为二战期间需要这种新药，所以政府审批青霉素的程序加快，并于1944年开始批量生产。(1)give ones approval to批准 meet with ones approval 得到某人的同意(2)approve vi. 赞成，赞同vt. 批准，认可disapprove vi. 不赞成，不同意approve/disapprove of(sb.doing)sth. 赞成/不赞成(某人做)某事The president has already give
20、n his approval to the plan.总统已经批准了这个计划。Most of his advice failed to meet with his fathers approval.他的大部分建议都没有得到他父亲的认可。He doesnt approve of me leaving (leave)school this year.他不同意我今年离校。.语境填词1The _ told us we mustnt touch these _ materials in the _ lab.(chemist)2These _ measures have an expected _ on
21、the economy.(effect)3The _ news that he decided to resign made us _ .To our _ , the manager should agree.(astonish)4A good diet is _ to health, so it _ you a lot.(benefit)5It took the _ half an hour to fill in his _ form.(apply) 【导学号：25000011】【答案】1.chemist；chemical；chemistry2.effective；effect3.aston
22、ishing；astonished；astonishment4.beneficial；benefits5.applicant；application.选词填空1The doorman _ the school gate at six every morning.2At present，the hospital is _ tests to find out whats wrong with the patient.3The idea seems good but it needs to be _.4I have _ the bad apples from the basket.5With his
23、 attention _his experiment，he didnt notice my arrival.【答案】1.opens up2.carrying out3.tried out4.picked out5.focused on (教材P17)Have you ever seen a doctor? If_so,_what happened?你曾经看过医生吗？如果看过的话，发生了什么事？【要点提炼】句中If so是一个省略句，其完整形式是“If you have ever seen a doctor”。if so “如果这样”，so代替表示肯定意义的句子。if not“如果不是这样”，n
24、ot代替表示否定意义的句子。if not如果不/没有的话if any 如果有的话if ever 如果曾经有的话if possible 如果可能的话if necessary 如果必要的话I think there is a train around 3 oclock.If not, youll have to wait till 5：30.我想3点左右有一班火车。要是没有的话，你只好要等到530了。There are few people nowadays, if any, who remember him.当今记得他的人，如果有的话，也不多了。If possible(possibility)，
25、vegetables and fruits should be peeled.如果可能，应当将蔬菜和水果去皮。 (教材P19)If penicillin had_not_been available, many people would_have_died from sickness or even small wounds.如果没有青霉素，很多人会死于疾病，甚至很小的伤口。【要点提炼】本句使用了虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反的假设。从句用had done，主句用would/could/mighthave done。虚拟条件句中主、从句的谓语形式：(1)与现在事实相反：从句谓语动词为过去式(be
26、动词通常用were)，主句谓语为would/could/should/might 动词原形(2)与过去事实相反：从句谓语为had done，主句谓语为would/could/should/might have done(3)与将来事实相反：从句谓语动词为过去式/should动词原形 /were to 动词原形，主句谓语为would/could/should/might 动词原形If I knew the answer to all your questions, I would be a genius.我要是能回答你所有的问题，我就是天才了。If she were to be here nex
27、t Monday, I would tell(tell) her about the matter.如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就告诉她这件事。名师点津虚拟条件句的条件从句中若含有were，had，should，可以把if省去，并把were，had，should放在主语之前构成倒装结构。完成句子1如果我再年轻10岁，我会从头开始。If I _ ten years younger, I _ all over again.2如果明天天气好，我们会去爬山。_ the weather be good tomorrow, we _ climbing.3如果你早听了我的建议，你考试就能通过了。_ my ad
28、vice, you _ the exams.4必要的话，我在家时你也可以与我联系。_，you can contact me at home.【答案】1.were；would start2.Should；would go3If you had taken/Had you taken；would not have failed in/would have passed4.If necessaryIt was in 1897 that a European chemist called Dr Felix Hoffmann produced aspirin from this chemical.【分析】此句是强调句型，句中强调时间状语 in 1897。called Dr Felix Hoffmann为过去分词短语作定语，修饰a European chemist【翻译】_【答案】正是在1897年，一位名叫菲利克斯霍夫曼的欧洲药剂师从这种化学物质中提取了阿司匹林。