1、 Unit 1 课后培优练(Grammar and usage-Project)一、 英汉互译1. 担负重担2. 践行社会主义核心价值观3. 撕下包装纸4. 善意的谎言5. 趣味相投6. 良好的责任心7. 承担责任8. 致力于.9. live a lie10. 对.做出巨大贡献11. 为.感到羞愧12. 关闭她的线上账户13. 任由.摆布14. 成人礼15. 遭遇很多困难处境16. apart from【答案】1. bear the heavy burden9. 过骗人的生活；为人虚伪2. practise core socialist values10. make substantial c
2、ontributions to3. tore off the wrapping paper11. be ashamed of/at.4. a white lie12. close her online account5. share the same tastes13. at the mercy of6. a well-developed sense of responsibility14. the coming-of-age ceremony7. take/assume responsibility15. encounter many difficult situations8. devot
3、e oneself to doing.16. 除了.二、 根据提示填写正确形式的词汇1. She (辞职) from the board after profits fell by a further 3%.2. First, territorial (完整) is a fuzzy(模糊的) concept when there is a dispute over boundaries.3. A (大量的) number of houses were damaged by the floods.4. Yet many of these countries are rich in (有机的)an
4、d (矿物) resources.5. He sends regular food (包裹) to his family in Libya.6. Kernaghan was (极佳的,卓越的)and seemed to inspire those around him.7. Perhaps you felt g about ignoring a charity collection, and so decided to punish yourself?8. Rude as Tom was, the young man (原谅) him.9. He (皱起) his nose as if the
5、 smell was still in his nostrils(鼻孔).10. Mum has (缝上) a patch on my jeans.11. The initial (阶段) of the project should take about three months.12. An excellent rice h caused prices to plummet(暴跌) by 40 %.13. Theirscreamsofhorrorandcries for (宽恕)only brought asmileto my face.14. We cleared the snow, an
6、d our neighbours did (同样地).15. Working under pressure to meet a (截止日期) had a motivating effect.16. But this is actually only one of six sets of regulations and (指导) which are due to come into force.17. Somehow, people seem to think its my (错误) for letting him in.18. The man will more often take out
7、the g , wash the dishes, and do other chores around the house.19. They believed in the (美德) of culture, civilization and reason.20. The management offered a large (奖金) to those workers who stayed to the end of the contract.21. I didnt exactly (突出，擅长)academically and I left school as soon as I had th
8、e chance.22. All the members felt (灰心的) because of the slow progress in work.【答案】1. resigned2. integrity3. substantial4. organic；mineral5. parcels6. superb7. guilty 8. forgave9. wrinkled10. sewed/sewn11. phase12. harvest13. mercy14. likewise15. deadline16. guidance17. fault18. garbage19. virtues20.
9、bonus21. excel 22. discouraged三、 单句语法填空1. For several months after seed is (sow), nothing can be seen to show that there will be a harvest.2. When they leave school, they will be (equip)for obtaining office jobs.3. “You cant judge a book by its cover,” the old saying goes. 4. Education is seen as a
10、means of human (better). 5. Hundreds of (disappoint) fans were unable to get tickets for the game.6. Shes the perfect candidate the job.7. Strange it might sound, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting. 8. He cant bear (laugh) at.9. Sherman wasrelievedfor a moment, but then hefelt (c
11、heat).10. (suppose) that he does not come, shall we go without him?11. He was found guilty murder. 12. We have caused enoughharmby our (thought),irresponsible,selfishbehaviour.13. I had hardly got to the office my wife phone me to go back home at once.14. Hereforshire Health Authority needs to make
12、(save) of six hundred thousand pounds which it overspent this year.15. Do not leave the building until (instruct) to do so.【答案】1. sown/sowed【解析】被动语态，使用动词的过去分词形式。2. equipped【解析】be equipped for doing意为“有能力做某事”。equip作动词，意为：使有能力。3. as【解析】as the old saying goes表示“俗话说”，as引导方式状语从句。故答案是as。4. betterment【解析】根
13、据句意：“教育被看作人类进步的一种手段”，可知空白处填名词形式。5. disappointed【解析】修饰后面的人fans,表示“灰心的”，使用-ed结尾的形容词。6. for 【解析】be perfect for意为“正合适”。7. as/though【解析】as/though引导的状语从句的倒装形式，as引导让步状语从句时必须倒装，though引导让步状语从句可以倒装，也可用自然语序。本句是“形容词+as/though+主语+谓语”结构，注意形容词提到句首。8. being laughed【解析】cant bear doing表示“不能忍受做某事”。根据句意：“他无法忍受被嘲笑”，可知填现
14、在分词的被动式形式。9. cheated【解析】feel cheated 意为“感到被欺骗”。10. Suppose/Supposing【解析】suppose / supposing (that)（假设；如果），引导条件状语从句。11. of 【解析】句意“他被裁决犯谋杀罪”。be guilt of表示“有罪的，犯罪的”；be guilt about表示“对.愧疚的”。12. thoughtless【解析】句意应为“我们的轻率、不负责任、自私的行为已经造成了足够的伤害”，故填“轻率的”thoughtless。13. when【解析】hardlywhen. 表示“刚一就”，注意主句用过去完成时。
15、14. savings【解析】跟在make动词后作宾语，填名词形式。15. instructed【解析】本句是状语从句的省略形式。动词instruct与句子主语构成逻辑上被动关系，故用过去分词。四、 选择短语填空in store for; weigh on; go through; at large; set aside; be linked with;set out to do; on business1. Thestateannouncedaclear-cut(明确的)policyand carryitthrough.2. Some doctors advise a certain hou
16、r each day for worry.3. His name has several famous actresses since he and his wife separated last year.4. The disaster killed 2,500 persons in that area .5. The burden of responsibility his shoulders.6. He says youre the elements and you just go where the weather takes you.7. There are lots of surp
17、rises visitors to the gallery.8. He was a very difficult time.【答案】1. set out to 着手做某事2. setting aside 留作之用;留出用于3. been linked with 与.联系起来4. at large 整个，全部5. weighed on 使焦虑不安，加重的思想负担6. at the mercy of 任由.摆布7. in store for 即将发生在身上8. going through 经历五、 根据括号内的提示补全句子1. “生日快乐，安妮，”奶奶说，递给我一个包装鲜艳的包裹，上面有一个大大的
18、红色蝴蝶结。(教材原句回译)“Happy birthday, Anne,” said my grandma, . 2. 正如中国谚语所言：“玉不琢不成器”。一个人不经过考验就不可能完美。(教材原句回译) 3. 希望你们已经学会不把责任当作困扰你们的重担，而是把它当作支持你们未来发展的基础。(教材原句回译)Hopefully, you have learnt to , 4. 她因考试作弊而感到羞愧，于是去告诉老师。(so.that状语从句) 5. 一群男孩子们经过时，Paul假装正在捡垃圾。(pretend)When a group of boys passed by, Paul 6. 失去引擎
19、动力后，船员们发现自己任凭风浪摆布。(mercy) engine power, the boats crew 7. 家庭问题使他非常焦虑不安，他可能感到高度的压力和尴尬。(weigh)The family matter , and he is probably .8. 是在昨天我们在操场上举办了成人礼。(强调句型-对时间状语进行强调) 9. 大众传媒应该承担起社会教育的责任。(assume) 10. 城市规划将城市视为一个单位，一个有机的整体。(organic) 【答案】参考译文1. “生日快乐，安妮，”奶奶说，递给我一个包装鲜艳的包裹，上面有一个大大的红色蝴蝶结。(教材原句回译)“Happy
20、 birthday, Anne,” said my grandma, handing me a brightly wrapped parcel with a big red bow. 2. 正如中国谚语所言：“玉不琢不成器”。一个人不经过考验就不可能完美。(教材原句回译)As the Chinese saying goes, “Jade is good-for-nothing if not carved.” A man cannot be perfected without trials.3. 希望你们已经学会不把责任当作困扰你们的重担，而是把它当作支持你们未来发展的基础。(教材原句回译)Ho
21、pefully, you have learnt to treat responsibility not as a weight that burdens you, but rather as a foundation which will support your future development. 4. 她因考试作弊而感到羞愧，于是去告诉老师。(so.that状语从句)She was so ashamed of cheating on the test that she went and told the teacher.5. 一群男孩子们经过时，Paul假装正在捡垃圾。(preten
22、d)When a group of boys passed by, Paul pretended to be picking up garbage.6. 失去引擎动力后，船员们发现自己任凭风浪摆布。(mercy)Having lost engine power, the boats crew found themselves at the mercy of the wind and the waves.7. 家庭问题使他非常焦虑不安，他可能感到高度的压力和尴尬。(weigh)The family matter weighs heavily on him, and he is probably
23、sensing high levels of stress and embarrassment.8. 是在昨天我们在操场上举办了成人礼。(强调句型-对时间状语进行强调)It was yesterday that we held the coming-of age ceremony on the playground.9. 大众传媒应该承担起社会教育的责任。(assume)The mass media should assume responsibility for social education. 10. 城市规划将城市视为一个单位，一个有机的整体。(organic)City plannin
24、g treats the city as a unit, as an organic whole.【Part B】 技能提升练习一、 阅读七选五（2021江苏淮安高二期末）When something goes wrong, we naturally start looking for a person to blame and that person is often ourselves. But feeling guilty wont help the situation. Remember that the world is complex, and often a whole seri
25、es of events caused what went wrong. 1 Accept that bad things happen, no matter how hard you try and it isnt your responsibility to fix every problem in society. Get to the root (根源) of your guilt. Do some soul-searching and figure out why youre feeling guilty. If you feel like you should be volunte
26、ering at your kids school more, ask yourself why you havent. Then youll know whats best for you to do. 2 See your mistakes from someone elses point of angle. Pretend that your friend is facing a similar issuewould you want that person to suffer long from those feelings? 3 So give yourself the same t
27、olerance that youd give anyone else.Ignore the guilt trip. 4 So if a parent, partner or boss is making you feel awful, start by taking control of your own reaction. Apologize sincerely and do something to make up if necessary, but dont let someone else determine how your mistake should make you feel
28、. Youre the only one in charge of your feelings. 5 You might not be talented in every area, but you do have talents to offer. Maybe you dont always make healthy homemade meals, but you have never missed your kids soccer games. Even if you arent the type to make big romantic gestures, your partner pr
29、obably knows you will always listen and say the right thing when something happens.A. Know your gifts make up for your failures. B. Dont bear all the blame for the outcomes. C. The only person you can control is yourself. D. Learn more skills to polish up for your lack of talents E. Not only is self
30、-care important it also helps you be a better caretaker to others. F. The truth is youre probably being harder on yourself than anyone would want. G. So getting to the bottom of your guilt helps you handle what you need to do effectively.【答案】BGFCA【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述一旦事情出了差错，我们很自然的把问题归结在自己身上，感到很内疚。但是
31、实际上很多问题的发生是由一系列事情导致的，不要把所有的责任都承担下来，并告诉读者如何调整自己。1. 根据上文“Remember that the world is complex, and often a whole series of events caused what went wrong.(一定要记得这个世界很复杂，通常是一系列的事情导致出了问题)”可知，问题的发生是由一系列的事情导致的；B选项Dont bear all the blame for the outcomes(不要为结果承担所有的责任)，选项中的“Dont bear all the blame”与上文“a whole s
32、eries of events caused what went wrong.”一致，即很多事情导致了问题的产生，不要把所有责任承担下来。故选B。2. 根据段首句“Get to the root (根源) of your guilt.(找到你内疚的根源)”可知，本段重点讲述寻找你为什么内疚；以及上文“Then youll know whats best for you to do.(然后你就会知道做什么才是对你最好的)”；G选项中前半句“getting to the bottom of your guilt(找到你内疚的根源)”与段首相呼应，后半句“helps you handle what
33、you need to do effectively(帮助你有效地解决你需要做的事情)”与上文一致。故选G。3. 根据下文“So give yourself the same tolerance that youd give anyone else.(所以给自己和其他人一样的容忍度)”可知，不要对自己太苛刻；F选项中“being harder on yourself(对自己太苛刻)”与下文中“So give yourself the same tolerance”衔接。故选F。4. 根据下文“So if a parent, partner or boss is making you feel
34、awful, start by taking control of your own reaction.(所以如果你的父母，搭档或者老板正在让你感觉很糟糕，从控制你自己的反应开始)”可知，要先控制自己的行为，空格处要承接下文中的So；C选项The only person you can control is yourself(你唯一能控制的是你自己)与下文中的“So”承接以及与“taking control of your own reaction”一致。故选C。5. 根据下文“You might not be talented in every area, but you do have t
35、alents to offer. Maybe you dont always make healthy homemade meals, but you have never missed your kids soccer games. Even if you arent the type to make big romantic gestures, your partner probably knows you will always listen and say the right thing when something happens.(你可能不是每个领域都有天赋，但是你的确有天赋。也许
36、你并不总是能做出健康的饭菜，但是你从未缺席过你的孩子的足球比赛。即使你不是那种会做出浪漫姿态的人，但是你的伴侣很可能知道当有事情发生的时候，你总是会倾听并说出正确的事情)”可知，人有不擅长的事情，但是也有自己擅长的事情，所以可以用自己的优点来弥补不足之处；空格处总领全段，概括全段主旨；A选项Know your gifts make up for your failures.(知道你的天赋可以弥补你的不足)正好承接下文，并概括下文的主旨。故选A。二、 语法填空（2021湖南长沙长郡中学高三月考）You may often tell white lies to your child. “Ive g
37、ot Santa on the phone and he says hes not coming unless you go to bed now,” is particularly 1. (use) during the festive season, for example. It can seem like nothing: just another tool to improve your childs behaviour. But dont get too 2. (attach) to the techniquetelling too many white lies to your
38、child may have more far-reaching consequences than you might have hoped. To examine the impact of parental lying, researchers in Singapore gave 379 adults online 3. (questionnaire). The results suggested that those 4. parents had lied more were now more likely to lie to their own parentsby being lie
39、d to, in other words, it seemed they had started to believe that being dishonest 5. (be) morally acceptable. Additionally, if parents are constantly lying to their children, there may potentially be other underlying relational issues 6. (contribute) to problems in adolescence and adulthood. Yes, mis
40、leading children might not help their 7. (develop), but there may also be deeper problems that are responsible 8. their difficulty with attention or behaviour. So, next time you think about telling 9. you see as a harmless white lie to keep your child quiet or get them into bed, 10. (think) again. I
41、t may save you some timebut, in the long run, its probably not worth it.【答案】1. useful 2. attached 3. questionnaires 4. whose 5. was 6. contributing 7. development 8. for 9. what 10. think【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述经常对孩子说善意的谎言会带来不良影响。1. 考查形容词。句意：例如，“圣诞老人打电话给我，他说除非你现在上床睡觉，否则他不会来。这句话在节日期间特别有用。is为系动词，后面需加形容词作表语。
42、故填useful。2. 考查固定短语。句意：但不要太依赖这种技巧对孩子说太多善意的谎言可能会产生比你想象的更深远的最影响。get attached to为国定短语，意为“对.依赖的”，故填attached。3. 考查名词。句意：为了检验父母撒谎的影响，新加坡的研究人员对379名成年人进行了在线问卷调直。questionnaire是可数名词，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，需用名词自数形式。故填questionnaires。4. 考查定语从句。句意：结果表明，那些父母撒了更多谎的孩子现在更有可能对自己的父母撒谎换句话说，他们似乎已经开始相信不诚实在道德上是可以接受的。空处引导定语从句，先行词tho
43、se，在定语从句中作定语，需用关系代词whose引导。故填whose.5. 考查动词时态。句意同上，此处陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，主语为being dishonest, 谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式，故填was。6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，如果父母经常对孩子撒谎，可能会有其他潜在的关系问题导致孩子在青春期和成年期出现问题。空处需填非谓语动词作定语，修饰名词issues, 二者为逻辑上的主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填contributing。7. 考查名词，句意：是的，误导孩子可能无助于他们的发展，但也可能有更深层次的问题导致他们难以集中注意力或行为，their为形容词性物主代
44、词，后面需加名词，空处需填development作宾语。故填development。8. 考查介词。句意同上。be responsible for为固定短语，意为“对.负责”，故填for。9. 考查名词性从句。句意：所以，下次当你想说一些你认为是无害的善意的谎言来让你的孩子安静下来或让他们上床睡觉时，请三思。空处引导宾语从句，引导词在宾语从句中作宾语，需用连接代词what引导。故境what。10. 考查祈使句。句意同上next time引导时间状语从句，空处为主句谓语动词，且为祈使句，需用动词原形。故填think。三、 应用文写作（2021安徽六安一中高二期末）假定你是李华，上周在某团订了一次
45、pizza外卖。但是送餐时间比预定时间晚了近一个小时。打电话询问商家和送餐员时，他们却互相推卸责任。请你根据以下提示给该网站负责人写一封投诉信：1. 表明写信的目的2. 陈述你遇到的具体问题3. 提出解决问题的方案注意：1.词数为100左右；2.可适当增加细节以使行文连贯；提示词：送餐员：delivery boyDear Sir/ Madam， Yours，Li Hua【答案】A possible version:Dear Sir or Madam，Im Li Hua，and I am writing to express my dissatisfaction about the servic
46、e your website promises.There are some main reasons why I am not content with it.Last week，I ordered a pizza in one of the shops in order to enjoy a happy time with my family.However，the pizza delivery was an hour later than scheduled.What made me even more upset was that the restaurant shifted off
47、its responsibility to the delivery boy when I asked for their proper explanation.But the delivery boy said he was not the person to blame.I know your website is a famous one，but my experience shows that your service needs improvement.Not only your web but also the restaurant should give me a reasonable explanation.I trust that youll take this seriously and make an effort to prevent such things from happening again.Yours faithfully，Li Hua