1、(2)9must/have to有哪些用法？翻译下列句子，体会情态动词must/have to的用法1.(1)You must do as you are told.(2)Must we hand in our duty report beforeschool is over?Yes,you must./No,you neednt./No，youdont have to.(1)你必须遵嘱行事。(2)我们必须放学前上交值日报告吗？是的，必须/不，不必。(3)You mustnt talk like that.2.(1)They must be in the room,for the light
2、is on.(2)He must be listening to music now.He cant hear us.(3)This kind of book must have been sold out lastmonth.9must/have to有哪些用法？(3)你不得那样说话。2.(1)他们一定在房间，因为灯是亮的。(2)他一定在听音乐，(所以)听不到我们说话。(3)这种书上个月一定卖完了。3.All men must die.4.If you must go,at least wait till the rain stops.5.The machine must break dow
3、n at this busy hour.9must/have to有哪些用法？3人必有一死。4如果你坚持要走，至少也要等雨停了再走。5正忙的时候机器偏偏坏了。6.There are too many objections and the localgovernment has to cancel the new plan.7.There being no bus,I had to take a taxi home.8.They dont have to buy another computer at present.9must/have to有哪些用法？6因反对意见太多，当地政府只好取消这项新
4、计划。7没有了公交车，我只好坐出租车回家。8他们目前没有必要再买台电脑。must的主要用法有：1.在肯定句，疑问句中表示必须、命令或强制，意为“必须，得”。在否定句中表禁止，意为“不得，决不可”；92表示肯定的推测，意为“一定”。推测句式有三种，分别是对现在所处的状态或正在进行的动作以及过去所处的状态或发生的动作的推测，说话者语气十分肯定。must be(现在)一定是或处于某种状态；must be doing(现在)一定正在做某事；must have done sth.过去一定做了某事；93.表示不可避免性。意为“必然要，必定会”；4.表示主张，意为“一定要，坚持要”；5.表示出乎意料或与愿望
5、相反，意为“偏要”。9have to的主要用法有：1侧重客观上的必须，可译为“不得不”；2have to有时态变化。一般现在时为have/hasto；过去时为had to，将来时为will have to；3have to的否定形式是dont have to，相当于neednt。910情态动词 have done的含义？翻译下列句子，体会情态动词 have done的用法 1.(1)It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet.昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。史密斯先生不可能去了北京，因为我刚才还在图书馆见过他。屋里没有灯，他们可能
6、出去了吗？(2)Mr.Smith cant have gone to Beijing,for I saw himin the library just now.(3)There is no light in the room.Can they have goneout?10情态动词 have done的含义？2.(1)My father could have gone to college but atthat time the Culture Revolution broke out.(2)The accident couldnt have occurred if youhadnt drun
7、k.我父亲本来可以上大学的，但是当时文化大革命发生了。你如果不喝酒，就不会出事了。10情态动词 have done的含义？3.(1)What has happened to George?I dont know.He may have got lost.(2)When he arrived，the post office might havebeen closed，but Im not sure.乔治发生了什么事？我不知道，他可能迷路了。他到达时，邮局也许关门了，不过我没把握。10情态动词 have done的含义？(3)You may as well go to the booking of
8、fice.Thetickets may not have been sold out.4.(1)I would have told you all about the boys story,but you didnt ask me.你不妨去一下售票厅，说不定票没卖完呢。我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事，但是你没有问我。10情态动词 have done的含义？(2)I wouldnt have attended the party but Tomrepeatedly asked me to.5.(1)Tom,you are too lazy.The work should havebeen fin
9、ished yesterday.10情态动词 have done的含义？我本不想去参加那个聚会，可是当时汤姆不停地叫我去(因此，我只好去了)。汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。这是你我之间的事。你不应该让所有的人都知道。他说我贪得无厌。他竟然说出了那样的话！10情态动词 have done的含义？(2)This is between you and me.You ought not havetold the whole world.(3)He said I was greedy.He should have said that!6.(1)He need have hurried
10、to the station.In that case,he wouldnt have missed the train.(2)I neednt have bought so much wine onlyfive people came.10情态动词 have done的含义？他本来需要快点去车站，那样的话，他就不会误了火车。我本来没有必要买这么多酒，只来了5个人。情态动词 have done均与过去时间有关，是对过去发生的情况的推测，猜测，评价或指责，不指向将来和现在。具体用法如下：1musthavedone 表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句；在否定和疑问句
11、中must改为cant 或couldnt，译成“不可能做过某事”或“可能做过吗？”102.couldhavedone表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来有能力做或本来具备条件做某事而没有做。否定句表示本来不可以做某事，而实际做了。3.may/mighthavedone 表示对过去事情的推测，意思是“也许已经做了某事”。might与may意思相同，但可能性更小。否定句表示“也许还没做”。4.wouldhavedone 表示“本来会/想做”，事实上没做。否定句表示本来不想/会做某事，而实际做了。105.should/ought tohavedone 意思是“本来应该做某事，而实际没做。”否定句表示本来
12、不应该做某事，而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含意。另外，还有“竟然做了”的意思。6.needhavedone表示本来需要做某事而没有做。“neednthavedone”则表示“本来不需要做某事而做了”。10虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测、建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。包括两种情况：与事实相反，纯属假设；虽然还不是事实，但可能变为事实。注意：不能把虚拟语气简单地理解为“不可能”的事实。如：If I were you，Id make a change in life.我当然无法变成你，所以这是纯粹的不可能成为事实的假设。但在Its high
13、time that we had dinner.中显然表达“大家应该去”，而且这种呼吁很快就会变为现实。可见，此句表达的是说话人的一种“提醒，建议”含义的虚拟语气。翻译下列句子，指出虚拟语气主、从句对应的时间1.If she knew English,she would not ask me for help.1条件状语从句中的虚拟语气有哪些情况？如果她懂英语的话，她不会找我帮忙的。从句与现在事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。2.If you should go to the moon tomorrow,whatwould you take with you?3.If I had been mor
14、e careful,I would have taken thefirst place in the maths contest.1条件状语从句中的虚拟语气有哪些情况？假如明天你去月球，你会带什么去？从句与将来事实相反，主句与将来事实相反。假如我再细心些，我就在这次的数学竞赛中获一等奖了。从句与过去事实相反，主句与过去事实相反。4.If they had studied hard,they could do it easily now.5.Had he known her address,he would have gone tovisit her.1条件状语从句中的虚拟语气有哪些情况？如果他
15、们以前努力学习的话，现在做就会容易些。从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反(混合时间)。如果他知道她的地址，他会去看她的。从句(倒装)与过去事实相反，主句与过去事实相反。1从句 主句 与现在事实相反 动词的过去式(be的过去式一般用were)would/should/could/might 动词原形 与过去事实相反 had 过去分词 would/should/could/might have 过去分词 与将来事实相反 动词过去式，should 动词原形，were to 动词原形 would/should/could/might 动词原形 1注意：有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不
16、一致(表示错综时间的虚拟语气)，这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。如：If you had listened to the doctor,you would be allright now.如果你当初听了医生的话，身体现在就好了。(从句动作指过去，主句动作指现在)11主从句时间不一致时，主从句谓语动词的表达形式采用组装法，即从句对应什么时间就用相对应的表达式，同样主句对应什么时间也用相对应的表达式。2在虚拟条件状语从句中，如果含有had，should或were时，可将if省略，将这些词提前。用所给动词的适当形式完成句子，并简述理由1.(1)The teacher suggested
17、that we _(make)good use of every minute here.(2)His silence suggested he _(not agree)to our new plan.2 宾语从句中的虚拟语气有哪些情况？(should)makedidnt agree2.(1)I wish I _(see)herlast night.(2)The little girl wishes she _(have)a pairof wings.(3)I wish I _(go)to Mars to explorespace.could have seen/had seenhadwoul
18、d go2 宾语从句中的虚拟语气有哪些情况？3.(1)Id rather you _(see)the film yesterday.(2)Id rather you _(be)here now.(3)Wed rather you _(go)here tomorrow.had seenwerewent2 宾语从句中的虚拟语气有哪些情况？2宾语从句中的虚拟语气主要有三种情况：1表示建议，命令，请求，要求，意图含义的动词suggest,advise，insist,order，command,require，request，demand,ask，prefer 等引导宾语从句时，宾语从句用虚拟语气，句式
19、结构为主语should动词原形，其中should可以省略。但要should表“暗示，表明”，insist表示“坚决认为，坚持说”时，宾语从句用实际陈述语气。22.wish之后的宾语从句，表示一种没有实现或根本不可能实现的愿望，常用虚拟语气。其主要形式有三种：对现在情况的虚拟 wish主语动词过去式(be用were)对过去情况的虚拟 wish主语had过去分词 对将来情况的虚拟 wish主语would动词原形 23.would rather引导的宾语从句，从句为过去时间，动词用had done;从句为现在时间，动词用一般过去式(be用were)；从句是将来时间，动词用一般过去式。根据汉语提示完成
20、下列句子1.It is necessary that I _(return)it right now.我有必要马上把它还回去。2.Its strange that he _(be)so rude.他竟如此无礼，真是奇怪。3.It was ordered that the room _(clean)按要求这间房要打扫。3 主语从句中的虚拟语气有哪些情况？should returnshould be(should)be cleaned3主语从句用虚拟语气的句式主要有三种：1在It is important/necessary that等主语从句中，从句谓语动词用should动词原形。should此
21、时表达“应该”的意思。2在It is amazing(strange,surprising,astonishing,apity,a shame)that从句中有时也用should，此时表示说话人的惊异、懊悔、失望等情感，常含有“竟然”之意。3若不用虚拟语气则不带感情色彩，比较：Its a pity that he failed the exam.他考试没及格，真是遗憾。Its a pity that he should have failed the exam.他考试竟没及格，真是遗憾。33.It is(was)ordered(suggested,required,requested)that
22、从句中，从句谓语动词用should动词原形。should此时表达“应该”的意思。4 表语从句中的虚拟语气有哪些情况？翻译下列句子，找出表语从句中的虚拟语气表达形式1.His suggestion is that we should do our work morecarefully.他的建议就是我们的工作应该更细心些。表语从句中的虚拟语气表达形式为：(should)动词原形。2.It looks as if the old man were the king of the zoo.看起来老人就像动物园的国王。表语从句中的虚拟语气表达形式为：主语过去式。4 表语从句中的虚拟语气有哪些情况？4使用
23、虚拟语气的表语从句句式主要有：1The名词is/was that表语从句。这些名词是表示请求、要求、命令、建议等意义的名词如：advice,desire,decision,idea,instruction,order,plan,proposal,recommendation,request,requirement,suggestion,wish等。表语从句的虚拟语气结构为：(should)动词原形。42.It looks as if表语从句。如表达的与现在事实相反用过去式，与过去事实相反用过去完成时。不过，要注意如果表达的内容是真实可信的，则用直陈语气，使用实际时态。如：It is getti
24、ng dark.Itlooks as if it is going to rain.天变暗了，看来要下雨了(迹象表明要下雨，根据经验判断此种情况下通常会下雨)。5 同位语从句中的虚拟语气有哪些情况？用同位语从句翻译下列句子，注意同位语从句的谓语动词形式我们应该采取措施唤醒环保意识，他这个建议为大家所接受。His suggestion that we should take measures to arouseour awareness of environmental protection is acceptedby us all.谓语动词用虚拟语气。5在“名词that”同位语从句中，如果名词
25、为表示建议、劝告、命令等含义的名词如：advice 建议，demand 要求，desire 愿望，decision 决定，idea意见，motion 提议，order命令，proposal 提议，requirement 要求，request 请求，regulation 规章，suggestion 建议等名词时，其同位语从句要用虚拟语气结构：主语(should)动词原形。6定语从句中的虚拟语气有哪些情况？翻译下列句子，找出定语从句中的虚拟语气表达形式是搞大扫除的时候了。It is about/high time that we had/should have athorough cleaning
26、.6定语从句中的虚拟语气比较少见，在“是做某事的时候了”句式中从句谓语动词用should do 或过去式。7含蓄虚拟条件句有哪些情况？翻译下列句子，并将含蓄条件句改为if条件句1.To have studied harder,you would have passed theexamination.假如你学习更用功些，你就考试及格了。(To have studied harderIf you had studied harder)假若多给些时间，我会做得更好。(Given more timeIf I had been given more time)假若这次失败了，那你怎么办？(Failing
27、 this time If you failed this time)2.(1)Given more time,I would have done it better.(2)Failing this time,what would you do?7含蓄虚拟条件句有哪些情况？3.(1)But for your help we couldnt have succeeded inthe experiment.(2)I would be still working on the problem withoutyour help.如果没有你的帮助，我们的实验是不会成功的。(But for your he
28、lpIf it hadnt been for your help)如果你当时不帮我，我现在还在解决这个问题呢。(without your helpIf you hadnt helped me)7含蓄虚拟条件句有哪些情况？4.(1)Another word,and I would beat you flat.(2)A few hours earlier,and you would have seen thefamous writer.你再说一句话，我就把你打倒在地。(AnotherwordIf you said another word)要是你早来几个小时，你就见到这位著名的作家了。(A few
29、 hours earlierIf you had come a fewhours earlier,you)7含蓄虚拟条件句有哪些情况？5.(1)I didnt know that he was a cheat,or else Iwouldnt have believed him.(2)Im really very busy,otherwise I wouldcertainly go there with you.我不知道他是个骗子，不然我也不会相信他了。(or elseif I had known he was a cheat)我真的是太忙了，不然我就会同你一道去了。(otherwiseif
30、I were not so busy)7含蓄虚拟条件句有哪些情况？6.Anyone who had seen that painting might havetaken it for a photo.7.(1)I would write to her,but I dont know her address.凡是看过那画的人，都可能把它看成是照片。(Anyone who had seen that paintingIf anyone hadseen that painting)我会给她写信的，就是不知道她的地址。(but I dont know her address if I knew her
31、 address)7含蓄虚拟条件句有哪些情况？(2)I would have attended her wedding ceremony,but Iwas so occupied.8.Dont bother to read all these papers.It would taketoo long.本想参加她的婚礼的，但当时我太忙。(but I was so occupied if I hadnt so occupied)不要费事看所有这些文件了，那会花太多时间。(Dont bother to read all these papersIf you readall these papers，it)7含蓄虚拟条件句有哪些情况？7所谓含蓄虚拟条件句即没有出现明显的假设条件，而是把条件从句隐藏在上下文中的一类条件句，其主要用法及表现形式可归纳如下：1.将条件隐含在不定式短语中；2.将条件隐含在现在分词或过去分词短语中；3.将条件隐含在介词短语中，常见介词有but for和without；4.将条件隐含在名词短语中；75.将条件隐含在某些连词中，常见连词有otherwise和or else；6.将条件隐含在定语从句中；7.将条件隐含在but引导的并列句中；8.将条件隐含在其他形式的上下文中。