1、Book 3 Module 5话题语篇导读 Along with silk and paper，gunpowder is another invention byChinese and the Silk Road helped it spread to the West.The datingof gunpowder is as early as 850 AD.The Chinese used gunpowder to makefireworks and for signal flares.Gunpowder was also thought to have beenused in medici
2、ne and in alchemy.This invention seems to have been discovered in China by accidentbyalchemists when doing experiments.The gunpowder used for military purpose was first recorded in 919AD.By the 11th century，explosive bombs filled with gunpowder wereintroduced and used in China.The words“fire cannon”
3、“rocket”and“fireball”appeared time and again in the official Song history as well astwo other books written during the same period.The first detailed description of using the“fire cannon”in warfarewas in connection with a battle fought in 1126 when the Song army used itagainst the invading enemy.The
4、 socalled“fire cannon”was a tube madeof bamboo filled with gunpowder which，when fired，threw a flamingmissile towards the enemy.According to a description of a battle scene in1132，it took two persons to carry a“fire cannon”，and the cannonswere fired from a moving platform.And this platform had to be
5、movedclose to the wall of the besieged city.The Chinese invention of gunpowder reached Japan，the Islamiccountries and then Europe in the 13th century and the Arabs improvedgunpowder for military use.The early account of gunpowder in Europe wasrecorded by English philosopher Roger Bacon in the 13th c
6、entury.Onecentury later the Arabs used it to attack the Spanish town Baza and thenext year in 1326 Florence ordered the manufacturing of cannon andcannon balls.From Italy the making of gunpowder soon spread to otherEuropean countries，and by the 1350s it had become an effective weaponon the battlefie
7、ld.Notes1.alchemy n.炼金术 2.alchemist n.炼金术士 3.explosive adj.爆炸性的，会爆炸的 4.cannon n.大炮 5.missible n.投射物 6.besieged adj.被包围的，被围攻的 答案 TaskAnswer the following questions 1.Whats the best title of the passage?_ 2.List the countries the Chinese invention of gunpowder reached.(1)_(2)_(3)_ GunpowderJapanIslami
8、c countriesEuropean countries课前预习 基础落实 课堂讲义 核心突破 当堂达标 检测巩固 Period One Introduction&Reading and Vocabulary 答案 课前预习 基础落实.单词检测 1.adj.平等的 2.n.重要；重要性 adj.重要的 3.n.哲学家 n.哲学 4.n.(常作复数)教导；学说 vt.讲授；教授 n.教师 词语识记 equalimportanceimportantphilosopherphilosophyteachingteachteacher答案 5.n.思想家 vt.想；思索；认为 n.思考；想法 6.n.
9、善良 adj.仁慈的；善良的 7.n.秩序 8.n.原则；准则 9.n.职位 10.vt.强调 thinkerthinkthoughtkindnesskindorderprinciplepositionstress答案 11.vi.辞职 12.n.顾问 vt.劝告；建议 n.忠告；建议 13.adj.有影响的 n.&v.影响 14.n.仁爱 resignadviseradviseadviceinfluentialinfluencelove答案.短语检测 1.与相似 2.与交战 3.养育，抚养；提出 4.采纳某人的建议 5.因而出名 6.在某些方面 7.与不同 8.对感兴趣 be similar
10、 to at war with bring up follow ones advice be/become famous for in some ways be different from be/become interested in 答案 123.课文阅读理解 1.What is the main idea of Confucius according to the passage?A.Kindness，duty and order in society are very important.B.Government is more important than its people.C
11、.All men are created equal.D.All men are born good.答案 A45 课文预读 答案 2.What was the possible relationship between Confucius and Mencius?A.Teacher and student.B.Mencius was the follower of Confuciuss ideas.C.They all worked for the same state.D.Nothing related at all.答案 B12345答案 3.In which way was Mozis
12、 idea the same as that of Confucius?A.Men should be kind.B.Men were born equal.C.Government should be more emphasized than its people.D.People were more important than the government.答案 C12345答案 4.In Menciuss opinion，which was the most important，the government，the ruler or the people?A.The governmen
13、t.B.The ruler.C.The people.D.Not mentioned.答案 C12345答案 5.What is the similarity of the three philosophers in ancient Chinaaccording to the passage?A.They were all born poor.B.They all wrote their own books.C.They all travelled from state to state.D.Their philosophies all influenced China for a long
14、time.答案 D12345答案.课文阅读填空 Confucius 551 BC479 BC greatest influence(more than 2,000 years)Stressed the importance of 1.,2.and3.in society.Mencius Born in 372 BC and brought up by 4.At an important 5.in the 6.firstand later 7.Man was 8.9.were more important than 10.kindnessdutyorderhis motherpositiongo
15、vernmentresignedkindPeoplerulers答案 Mozi 476 BC390 BC Government was most important.All men were 11.Loved all 12.and looked after the weak.Hated the idea of war.equalhuman beings.难句分析 1.Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.句式分析：本句中where.each other是从句，修饰先行词，where在从句
16、中作状语。自主翻译：_ 2.However，when he saw that the ruler was not following his advice，heresigned.句式分析：本句中when引导一个从句，该从句中又含有一个that引导的从句，作的宾语。自主翻译：_ 定语place地点古代中国各诸侯国之间经常发生战争。时间状语宾语saw然而，当他看到统治者不采纳他的建议时，他便辞去了官职。返回 答案 equal语境感悟 课堂讲义 核心突破 重点单词(1)(教材P41)All human beings are equal.众生平等。(2)He is equal to(the job o
17、f)running the office.他能胜任管理办公室(的工作)。(3)No one equals him in strength.论力气，没人能和他相比。(4)He is a player without equal.他是个无与伦比的运动员。归纳拓展(1)equal adj.平等的；相等的，相当的；胜任的；v.等于；比得上；n.同等的人，相等物 be equal to与相等；等于 be equal to(doing)sth.胜任(做)某事 equal.in.在方面比得上；在方面与相匹敌 without equal无敌；无与伦比(2)equally adv.同样地；相等地(3)equal
18、ity n.平等答案 即时跟踪(1)用所给词的正确形式填空 Anyone，whether he is an official or a bus driver，should be _(equal)respected.I dont think he is equal to(do)the job，so I wont employ him.(2)完成句子 在英语方面没有人能同他相比。NobodyEnglish.1磅约等于500克。A pound is roughly500 grams.equallydoingequals him inequal to order语境感悟(1)(教材P43)He str
19、essed the importance of kindness，duty and order in society.他强调了仁爱、责任和社会秩序的重要性。(2)You should put the books on the desk in order.你应该整理一下桌上的书。(3)Do you wish to place an order for some tea with me now?你现在想跟我订购些茶吗？(4)The doctor ordered that she(should)take a good rest.The doctor ordered her to take a goo
20、d rest.医生嘱咐她好好休息。归纳拓展 order n.秩序，次序；有条理；命令，指令；定购；订单；v.命令，指令；定购 in order井然有序；适宜的；按次序 out of order紊乱的；出故障的 place an order for sth.with sb.和某人订购某物 order sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事 order that.(should)动词原形 命令温馨提醒 order作动词用时，后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，从句的谓语要用(should)do；作名词用，表示“命令”时，相关的从句也要用虚拟语气。答案 即时跟踪 用所给词的正确形式填空(1)Our hea
21、d teachers order is that our homework _(hand)in after school.(2)If you dont like the drink you(order)，just leave it and trya different one.(3)(order)over a week ago，the books are expected to arriveany time now.(2016北京)(4)The teacher ordered him(start)as soon as possible.(should)be handedorderedOrder
22、edto start influential 语境感悟(1)(教材P43)Mozi was another teacher who was very influential.墨子是又一位极具影响力的先哲。(2)Its clear that her painting has been influenced by Picasso.她的画显然受了毕加索的影响。(3)Things like parents educational background have a stronger influenceon a childs reading.(2015广东)父母的教育背景对孩子的阅读有更深的影响。(4)
23、The very earliest sculptures were made under the influence of Greek art.最早的雕塑作品受到了希腊艺术的影响。归纳拓展(1)influential adj.有影响的 be influential in doing sth.对做某事有影响(2)influence vt.影响；n.影响力；有影响的人 influence sb.to do sth.影响某人做某事 have an influence on/upon对有影响 under the influence of在的影响下答案 即时跟踪(1)单句语法填空 Overheating
24、 development might have a bad influencethe nationaleconomy.Every year，the CCTV chooses ten most(influence)figuresamong ordinary people，whose actions can move China.My teacher influenced me(study)science.(2)完成句子 看电视过多对孩子的身心发展不利。Watching too much TVchildrens health and mind.oninfluentialto studyhas a
25、bad influence onat war with 重点短语 语境感悟(1)(教材P43)Ancient China was a place where states were often at warwith each other.古代中国各诸侯国之间经常发生战争。(2)Germany has been at peace with France for over fifty years.德国和法国已经和平相处了50多年。(3)Dont make any noise while others are at work.当别人在工作时，不要吵闹。归纳拓展 at war with与交战“at不带
26、冠词的名词”结构表示“正在进行或从事某项活动”或“处于某种状态”。常用短语有：at peace with.和保持友好关系，处于和平时期 at school/work/table/sea/rest在上学/在工作/在吃饭/在航海/在休息答案 即时跟踪 选词填空 at peace，at lunch，at war with(1)The children were at play while their parents were.(2)At that time our country wasJapan.(3)We hope all the countries in the world areforeve
27、r.at lunchat war withat peace语境感悟(1)(教材P43)His father died when he was young，and he was brought upby his mother.他早年丧父，由他的母亲将他抚养成人。(2)An old college friend of mine has brought out a book on English poetry.我大学期间的一位老朋友出版了一本英文诗歌方面的书。(3)Science has brought about many changes in our lives.科学为我们的生活带来了许多变化。
28、bring up 归纳拓展 bring up 教育；抚养(孩子)；提出(议题等)；呕吐 bring out使显现；说出；出版 bring back带回来，拿回来 bring about引起，导致 bring down降低；减少 bring in吸引；引进，引入；赚得答案 即时跟踪(1)写出下列句子中bring up的汉语意思 She was brought up by her aunt._ All children should be brought up to respect their parents and teachers._ Your suggestions will be brou
29、ght up at the next meeting._ Martin brought up all he ate because he was drunk._ 抚养教育提出呕吐答案(2)用适当的介、副词填空 The discussion came alive when an interesting topic was brought.What broughtthe change in his attitude?The photographs broughtmany pleasant memories.I tried to get them to bringthe price of the T
30、V set.in/upaboutbackdowna time后接定语从句 语境感悟(1)(教材P43)But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.但那也是一个哲学家云集的时期。(2)He lived in a time when the blind couldnt get much education.(2015重庆)他生活在一个盲人无法接受很多教育的年代。(3)There was a time when I hated to go to school.曾经有一段时间我讨厌上学。(4)This is the fi
31、rst time that I have seen such a big watermelon.这是我第一次见这么大的西瓜。经典句式 归纳拓展(1)a time表示“一段时期”，后面接定语从句时，常用when或“介词which”引导，意为“一个的时期”。(2)There is/was a time when.有一段时间(3)It(That/This)is/was the first(second，third.)time that.这是第一次(第二次，第三次)(此处that引导的是定语从句，并且that 可以省略。若主句用一般现在时，从句用现在完成时；若主句用一般过去时，从句用过去完成时)。温馨
32、提醒 当时间名词为先行词时，如果从句的引导词在从句中作状语，则引导词用when或“介词which”；如果从句的引导词在从句中作宾语、表语等，则引导词用which或that。即时跟踪(1)单句语法填空 We live in an agemore information is available with greater easethan ever before.There wastime when we had no flat of our own and we had to live inthe college dormitory.(2)完成句子 这是我们全家人第一次一起到电影院看电影。It
33、is the first time that wein the cinema together as a family.答案 whenahave seen a film 现在分词短语作伴随状语 语境感悟(1)(教材P43)For many years he travelled from state to state，teachingthe principles of Confucius.很多年来，他周游列国传授孔子的思想。(2)The old man sat there，watching his grandson playing happily.老人坐在那儿，看着他的孙子高兴地玩。(3)Wor
34、king in the factory，he was an advanced worker.在工厂工作时，他是一名高级工人。(4)Being a League member，he is always helping others.由于是共青团员，他经常帮助他人。归纳拓展 教材原句中teaching the principles of Confucius 是v.-ing形式短语在句中作伴随状语，这时句子的主语与分词表示的动作是主动关系，而且分词动作和谓语动作同时发生。除此之外 v.-ing形式短语还可以在句中作时间状语、原因状语、方式状语或结果状语等。即时跟踪(1)用所给动词的正确形式填空 Wh
35、en I was little，my mother used to sit by my bed，(tell)mestories till I fell asleep.(climb)to the top of the mountain，I saw a beautiful scene.(2)完成句子 发现这门课程很难，她决定转向难度更低的课程。，she decided to move to a lower level.答案 tellingClimbingFinding the course very difficultThe reason why.is that.语境感悟(1)(教材P43)Men
36、cius believed that the reason why man is different fromanimals is that man is good.孟子认为人之所以不同于动物是因为人是向善的。(2)He was late，and thats because the car was held up in the traffic rush.他迟到了，那是因为他的车被困在交通高峰中了。(3)His car was held up in the traffic rush,and that is why he was late.他的车被困在交通高峰中了，这就是他迟到的原因。归纳拓展 T
37、he reason why.is that.是一个固定句式，意为“的原因是”，其中why引导的是定语从句，that引导的是表语从句。This/That is because.这/那是因为(because 引导表语从句，从句内容表原因)This/That is why.这/那是的原因。(why引导表语从句，从句内容表结果)温馨提醒(1)reason作先行词被定语从句修饰时，引导定语从句的关系词要根据定语从句中所缺的成分确定。定语从句缺原因状语，使用why/for which引导定语从句；定语从句中缺主语、宾语，应使用关系词that或which；作宾语时关系词也可以省略。(2)The reason
38、.is that.其中that引导表语从句，不能换用because。即时跟踪(1)用适当的连词填空 The only reason why I went there wasI wanted to meet your friends.The reason for the party isits Sues birthday.Is this the reasonhe explained at the meeting for hiscarelessness in his work?(2)单句改错 The reason why he wont come is because his mother doe
39、snt allowhim to.thatthatthat/whichthat答案 返回.单句语法填空 1.He had to obey the order that he(finish)the secret taskahead of time.2.The two groups remembered the information(equal)well.(2015安徽)3.He emphasized the(important)of careful driving.4.Wed like to know the reasonshe didnt accept the job.5.Put it bac
40、k in its placeyou took it.答案 当堂达标 检测巩固 (should)finishequallyimportancewhywhere.选词填空答案 be similar to，at war with，bring up，have an influence on，follow ones advice1.The election issueat the meeting.2.During the Second World War，Germany wasalmost all thecountries in the world.3.His opinionsyours.4.I tri
41、ed to persuade him，but he didnt.5.What our teacher saidme.was brought upat war withare similar tofollow my advicehad an influence on.完成句子 1.我没有参加他的婚礼是因为我没有收到邀请函。The reason why I didnt attend his wedding _.2.如果嫁给杰克，她会幸福的。If she were to marry Jack，she.3.那段时间里人们都期望孩子们成功。all the children were expected t
42、o succeed.4.我喜欢她解决问题的方式。I like the waythe problems.5.就是那个男人的房子被烧毁了。Thats the man.答案 was that I hadnt received his invitationwould be happyIt was a time when(that/in which)she solvedwhose house was burned down.课文语法填空 There were many great philosophers in ancient China.Confucius,1.was born in 551 BC a
43、nd died in 479 BC，was the2._(great)philosopher.He stressed the importance of kindness，dutyand order in society.His ideas affected Chinese society for over 2,000 years.Mencius，born in 372 BC，was a student of Confuciuss ideas.So，his 3.(teaching)were similar to 4.of Confucius.He believedman was born wi
44、th good and 5.people were more important thanrulers.He wrote a book in his last years 6.(call)The Book of Mencius.答案 whogreatestteachingsthosethatcalledMozi，who was born in 476 BC and died in 390 BC，was also 7._influential philosopher.In some ways，his ideas were similar to those ofConfucius.8.example，he 9.(think)government was the mostimportant thing.Mozi believed all men were 10.(equally).His idea oflove differed from the Confucian idea of kindness，Mozi founded thephilosophy clalled Mohism.答案 返回 Forthoughtequalan本课结束 更多精彩内容请登录：
