1、语 法 专 题 突破 专题四 非谓语动词英 语 2023高 考 总 复 习 优 化 设 计 GAO KAO ZONG FU XI YOU HUA SHE JI 内 容 索 引增素能 精准突破测效果 课堂评价增素能 精准突破 一、作定语【真题语境】动词-ing形式 1.(2021新高考全国卷)Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain,still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to res
2、t your (ache)legs.动词不定式2.(2019全国卷)Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award,proud Irene declared she had no plans (retire)from her 36-year-old business.aching to retire【用法点拨】动词-ing 形式 动词-ing形式与被修饰的名词之间为主谓关系或表示正在进行的、主动的动作(having done/having been done不作定语)。The boy swimming in the lake is my brother.不定
3、式 动词不定式作定语与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系、动宾关系或同位关系:表示将来的动作;修饰被序数词、最高级或no/all/any/only等限定的词;用来修饰的词是抽象名词。The boy is often the first to come.过去分词 过去分词与被修饰的名词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,表示已经完成或被动(不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表示已经完成)。The retired worker is sweeping the fallen leaves on the road.二、作状语【真题语境】动词-ing形式 1.(2021新高考全国卷)I was upset to lear
4、n that many sea animals eat plastic garbage,(think)it is food.2.(2021全国甲卷)After (spend)some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall,we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!thinking spending 3.(2019全国卷)On the last day of our week-long
5、stay,we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars,(listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.4.(2018全国卷)Chinas approach to protecting its environment while (feed)its citizens“offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers wo
6、rldwide,”says the banks Juergen Voegele.listening feeding 动词不定式 5.(2021新高考全国卷)I decided to do something (educate)people about this problem.6.(2021浙江卷)Marys sister,Frances Todd Wallace,often came over (plant)flowers in the front yard.7.(2021全国乙卷)Activities there range from whale watching to hiking(远足
7、)and accommodations aim (have)a low impact on the natural environment.to educateto plantto have8.(2020全国卷)Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Change-4 (find)and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.9.(2020全国卷)The next morning he hired a boat and set out _(find)the well-know
8、n painter.10.(2020全国卷)They are easy (care)for and make great presents.11.(2019全国卷)Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,and are expensive _(perform)consistently over a large area.to findto findto careto perform12.(2018全国卷)You dont have to run f
9、ast or for long (see)the benefit.13.(2018全国卷)Another reason for corns rise:The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice (improve)water quality.14.(2017浙江卷)Sixteen years earlier,Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring (cook)a meal.to seeto improveto cook【用法点拨】不定式 表示目的。I come here to s
10、ay egood-bye to you.表示结果:only to do;enough to do;so/such.as to do;too.to do。表示原因等。Were proud to be young people of China.动词-ing 形式 表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。Using your head,youll find a good way.一般式表示与谓语动词同时进行。They eat using the fingers of their right hands.完成式强调发生在谓语动词之前。Having visited the lab,th
11、e visitors went to the library.过去 分词 与主句主语之间是动宾关系。When asked her future plans,the girl said that she wanted to be a teacher.【点津】以下是独立成分作状语,其形式不受前后文的影响。considering/given that.鉴于/考虑到 generally speaking 一般来说 judging by/from.依据来判断 supposing/providing that.假如 owing to.由于 to tell the truth 实话实说 speaking o
12、f.谈及 to be honest 老实说 三、作补足语【真题语境】动词-ing形式 1.(2020全国卷)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds (surround)the mountain tops,he was reduced to tears.过去分词 2.(2020全国卷)They make great gifts and you see them many times (decorate)with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.su
13、rrounding decorated 动词不定式 3.(2018全国卷)Once his message was delivered,he allowed me (stay)and watch.4.(2017全国卷)They are required (process)the food that we eat,to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.to stayto process【用法点拨】不定式 有些动词或动词短语后接不定式作宾语补足语,即“动词(短语)+宾语+to do”,如advise,want,a
14、llow,permit,persuade,remind,invite,depend on,call on等 过去分词 过去分词作宾语补足语时,表示被动和完成,宾语补足语与宾语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系 动词-ing形式 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时,句中的宾语与宾语补足语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系 We found the village greatly changed.I found her listening to the radio when I passed by.【点津】find,leave,keep后一般跟动词-ing形式和过去分词作补足语,而不跟动词不定式。What you said
15、left me thinking.四、作主语和宾语 2.(2019全国卷)Scientists have responded by (note)that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集)around human settlements,leading to the illusion(错觉)that populations are higher than they actually are.visiting noting【真题语境】动词-ing形式 1.(2021全国乙卷)Minimize the impact of (visit)the place.3.
16、(2020全国卷)They represent the earth (come)back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.4.(2019全国卷)A 90-year-old has been awarded“Woman of the Year”for (be)Britains oldest full-time employeestill working 40 hours a ing being 5.(2018全国卷)You may drink,smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of
17、(die)early by running.dying 6.(2018全国卷)I quickly lower myself,ducking my head to avoid (look)directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel challenged.7.(2018浙江卷)I still remember (visit)a friend whod lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time.8.(2017全国
18、卷)Fast food is full of fat and salt;by (eat)more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.looking visiting eating 9.(2017全国卷)This included digging up the road,(lay)the track and then building a strong roof over the top.10.(2017全国卷)But unlike school friends,16-year-old
19、 Sarah is not spending half-term (rest).layingresting 动词不定式 11.(2021全国甲卷)It is possible (walk)or bike the entire 14 kilometers.12.(2017全国卷)But Sarah,who has taken part in shows along with top models,wants (prove)that she has brains as well as beauty.to walkto prove【用法点拨】非谓语动词 作主语 作宾语 不定式 表具体的或一次性的动作
20、,特别是将来的动作。常用句型:Its+adj.+for/of sb+to do sth 1.动词的宾语。只能跟不定式作宾语的动词和动词短语有:beg,offer,wish,hope,decide,refuse,promise,pretend,manage,want,plan,fail,choose,would like等。2.少数介词,如but,except后可跟不定式作宾语,如:Now he had given himself no choice but to tell her.非谓语动词 作主语 作宾语 动词-ing 形式 表示一般性、习惯性的动作,或抽象性的动作,或表示主语的特征。常用于
21、以下结构中:It is no use/good/fun/nice doing.;It is/was useless doing sth;Its a waste of time doing sth There is no doing.1.动词的宾语。只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词和动词短语有:suggest,imagine,mind,admit,practise,risk,keep,avoid,escape,enjoy,consider,finish,miss,keep on,insist on,look forward to,feel like,get down to,object to等
22、。2.介词的宾语,如:They are all interested in climbing mountains.非谓语动词 作主语 作宾语 过去分词 不能作主语 不能作宾语 五、作表语【真题语境】1.(2018全国卷)I quickly lower myself,ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel (challenge).2.(2018浙江卷)While regularly eating out seems to (become)common for many young peop
23、le in recent years,its not without a cost.challenged have become【用法点拨】非谓语动词 作表语 不定式 表具体的或一次性的动作,特别是将来的动作。Who is to blame for it?动词-ing 形式 表示一般性、习惯性的动作,或抽象性的动作,或表示主语的特征。What you said is really inspiring.过去分词 说明主语的状态,或表示被动动作。The city is surrounded by mountains.测效果 课堂评价 一、练时鲜 一、练时鲜 单句语法填空 1.More than a
24、 million tons of radioactive water is currently being stored at the Fukushima power plant in a massive tank farm big enough (fill)500 Olympic-sized swimming pools.2.The study (base)on an April 2021 survey of 1,200 parents and teens is the first such study in Japan.3.On February 17,Zhang Guimei recei
25、ved an award for being one of Chinas (inspire)role models by TV program Touching China 2020.to fill based inspiring 4.Norwegian Jeanette Hegg Duestad was the dark horse in the qualification,(set)an Olympic record of 632.9 points.5.The school provides free education to girls who would otherwise have
26、had no chance (study)after completing their nine years of compulsory education.setting to study二、练模拟单句语法填空 1.(2021广东联考)Bathing machines were made available for people to get (change)in.It was beach etiquette(礼仪)to use them,particularly for women.2.(2021河南郑州质量检测)It is a place where people can go (eas
27、e)stress,forget about troubles and get a break from busy city life.3.(2021安徽黄山二模)Digital technology is being increasingly adopted (carry)out economic and social activities,and is deeply transforming production patterns and peoples lifestyles.changed to ease to carry 4.(2021山西太原模拟)There are also stru
28、ctures built with the objective of (bring)wildlife into the city.The Beijing Olympic Forest Park is a good example.5.(2021山东济南模考)They recall a project (call)Pix3l Plott3r,a robot that would print peoples pictures.6.(2021山东济宁一模)But the research team led by him,tried their best to learn advanced techn
29、ologies from foreign countries and eventually developed our own innovations,greatly (transform)our way of life.bringing calledtransforming 7.(2021河北唐山二模)This phenomenon has been named the“production effect”,which means that producing (write)wordsnamely,reading them out loudimproves our memory of the
30、m.8.(2021福建福州质检)While (realize)his expectation,Wang is also proud that the orchestras birth and development are also an effort of protecting the environment.9.(2021山东潍坊一模)Scientists say the (rise)whale sightings are likely related to purer water and a brimming buffet of Atlantic menhaden,a fish favo
31、red by humpbacks.10.(2021江苏南京、盐城二模)Many couples carefully choose favorable date (bring)success to their marriage.written realizing rising to bring三、练语篇 语篇填空 Weve seen a worldwide health crisis bring out the worst in some people,but fortunately,weve also been able 1.(see)it bring out the best in othe
32、rs.A taxi driver in Spain has been providing patients with free rides to and from the hospitals.Doctors and nurses wanted to surprise him with their thanks for 2.(help)out.They tricked him down to the hospital under the pretense of a sick patient needing 3.(pick)up,but in reality,doctors and nurses
33、lined the hall 4.(wait)to applaud him.to see helping to be picked waiting“This is a surprise that has been given to a taxi driver who takes patients to the hospitals without charge,”wrote the taxi company that was the first 5.(share)the video.The man seemed completely 6.(take)aback by the gesture,7.
34、(surprise)and stopping in the middle of the doors with the whole room 8.(cheer)for him.He was also given an envelope full of money and the 9.(satisfy)results of his own health test.The video has since been shared tens of thousands of times across the world,because kind gestures break the language ba
35、rrier.to sharetaken surprised cheering satisfying“When the crisis is finished,there will have been two types of people.the good and the bad,”one user wrote.“With workmates like him,I am proud to be a taxi driver,son of a taxi driver,and father of a taxi driver.”With the world in hard times,just 10.(know)good people are there doing good deeds is something we can all appreciate.knowing