1、Section Grammar被动语态()&主谓一致语 境 自 主 领 悟先观察原句后自主感悟1.It is one of the most beautiful cities in the world and is visited by more than eight million tourists every year.2.About twothirds of Frances artists and writers live in Paris.3.One of Barcelonas most famous landmarks is the Church of the Sagrada Fam
2、ilia，which was designed by an architect called Antonio Gaudi.4.Many of Florences most beautiful paintings and sculptures were produced by great artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo.5.Florence is visited each year by about a million tourists who come to see the art galleries，churches an
3、d museums.6.Buildings such as the Parthenon on the Acropolis Hill were built during this period.1.例句1采用了一般现在时的被动语态，其构成形式为：am/is/aredone。2.例句3采用了一般过去时的被动语态，其构成形式为：was/weredone。3.2、4句中，当主语是由and，both.and.连接的并列结构时，谓语动词用复数。4.5、6句中，当主语是复数名词时，谓语动词用复数。一、一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态1构成一般现在时被动语态的构成： is/am/are过去分词一般过去时被动语
4、态的构成： was/were过去分词My computer is repaired every few months.我的电脑每隔几个月修理一次。My computer was repaired by the storekeeper yesterday.昨天我的电脑被店主修理过了。2用法(1)需要强调动作的承受者时，此时可以用“by动作执行者” 指出动作的执行者。Did you enjoy the party?你们在聚会上玩得开心吗？Yes.We were treated well by our hosts.很开心。主人把我们招待得很好。(2)不知道动作的执行者或没有必要指出动作的执行者时。D
5、o you know when the new railway will be opened?你知道新的铁路什么时候通车吗？3主动形式表示被动意义(1)连系动词(如look，sound，smell，feel，taste，remain 等)后接表语时，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。The food tastes delicious.这种食品尝起来美味可口。What he said at the meeting sounded encouraging.他在会上说的话听起来令人备受鼓舞。(2)当 wash，write，sell，open，close，shut，lock等不及物动词后加副词(有些可不加副
6、词)且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。This kind of cloth washes easily and lasts long.这种布料很容易洗，并且耐穿。The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly.父亲给我的作为生日礼物的钢笔写起来很流畅。名师点津(1)不及物动词(短语)无被动语态。常见的不及物动词(短语)有appear，die，disappear，fail，happen，lie，break out，come true，lose heart，take place，run out等。(2)部分
7、及物动词(短语)无被动语态。常见的有contain，fit，suit，cost，belong to，consist of等。即时演练1单句语法填空All the broken doors were repaired (repair)yesterday.All the housework is done (do)by my mother in our family.The wounded man was sent(send) to the hospital right away after the accident happened.A huge fire broke(break) out la
8、st night，causing great damage to the company.二、主谓一致主谓一致是指句子的谓语动词与其主语在数上必须保持一致。英语中的主谓一致主要遵循：意义一致、语法一致和就近一致三个原则。考点一意义一致意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致。1集合名词(family，team，class，government等)作主语时，若视为整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若视为个体，谓语动词则用复数形式。His family is going out.他们全家要外出。His family are all music lovers.他们全家都是音乐爱好者。名师点津(1)集合名
9、词people，police，cattle 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。(2)trousers，glasses，clothes，shoes 等词作主语时，谓语动词用复数，但如果这些词前有a (the) pair of 等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。2从句、动词不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；what引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要视表语而定。To learn English well is difficult.学好英语是困难的。Listening to loud music at rock concerts has caused hearing loss in s
10、ome teenagers.在摇滚音乐会上听很吵的音乐已造成了一些青少年的听力丧失。What he is faced with is a new project.他所面对的是一项新的课题。What we need are more volunteers.我们所需要的是更多的志愿者。3表示时间、距离、金钱、重量等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。Three months has passed since I came to the school.我来到这所学校已经三个月。Fifty dollars was a large sum of money for me at that time.那时5
11、0美金对我来说是一大笔钱。4and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式；但如果and所连接的两个单数名词指的是同一个人、同一件事或表示整体概念，则谓语动词用单数形式。A singer and dancer is present at the party today.一位歌舞演员出席了今天的派对。A singer and a dancer are present at the party today.一位歌唱家和一位舞者出席了今天的派对。5当主语是“most/some/half/the rest/分数/百分数of名词” 时，如果of后面的名词表示单数概念或为不可数名词，则谓语动词用
12、单数形式；如果of后面的名词表示复数概念，则谓语动词用复数形式。Most of his time is spent on study.他的大部分时间都用在了学习上。Twenty percent of the workers here are women.这儿百分之二十的工人是女工。6“the形容词/过去分词” 表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。The old are well taken care of in our city.老年人在我们城市被照顾得很好。The injured have been taken to the nearest hospital.受伤的人们已被送到了最近的医院
13、。即时演练2单句语法填空Twenty pounds was/is (be) missing from the wallet.Even the wise are (be) not always free from mistakes.The rest of the workers are (be) still very tired.考点二语法一致语法一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。1either，neither，each，every或no单数名词和由some，any，no，every构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。We went to see a couple of
14、houses，but neither was suitable.我们去看了两处房子，但都不合适。Is there anything wrong with your bike?你的自行车有什么毛病吗？2主语后接with，along with，rather than，but，except，besides，including，together with，as well as等短语时，谓语动词的数与主语一致。Tom，along with his friends，goes skating every Saturday.每个星期六，汤姆都和他的朋友们一起去滑冰。The teacher as well as
15、 the students likes the painting.老师和学生们都喜欢这幅画。3当主语是由and，both.and.连接的并列结构时，谓语动词用复数；但由and连接的并列主语前面分别有every，each，no等修饰时，谓语动词用单数。In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.在我国，男孩和女孩都有受教育的权利。名师点津“many a(n) /more than one可数名词单数”作主语时，尽管意义上是复数，但谓语动词仍用单数形式。即时演练3单句语法填空Both John
16、 and Ann are (be) interested in English.Tom as well as the other students in his class，likes (like) swimming.Reading is (be) a good way to improve your English.考点三就近一致就近一致就是谓语动词在人称和数上与最近的主语保持一致。1neither.nor.，either.or.，not only.but also.，not.but.，whether.or.或or连接并列主语时，谓语动词要用就近原则。Neither you nor he w
17、as allowed to go out at night.你和他都不允许晚上出去。Is either she or you going to Beijing? 她还是你要去北京？2there，here引导的句子其主语是一系列事物时，使用就近一致原则。There is a pen，two books and many pencils on the desk.桌上有一支钢笔、两本书和许多铅笔。There are many routes from China to Europe.从中国到欧洲有很多条路线。即时演练4单句改错Not only the students but also the tea
18、cher want to go climbing.wantwantsThere are an apple and three bananas in the basket.areisEither you or I are going to the teachers office after class.aream.单句语法填空1I need ten more minutes before my work is finished(finish)2We each have(have) a different point of view.Each of us has(have) got somethi
19、ng to say.3The father as well as his children goes(go) skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.4Onethird of the country is covered(cover)with trees and the majority of the citizens are(be) black.5Are(be) neither you nor your brother interested in swimming?6The water felt(feel) c
20、ool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.7English is used(use) all over the world and has become a universal language.8Either you or one of your students is(be) to attend the meeting that will be held(hold) tomorrow.9Leaving the less important things until tomorrow is (be) often acceptab
21、le.10They were treated (treat) badly in the restaurant，so they said they wouldnt go there any more.单句改错1The music that I heard last night was sounded beautiful.去掉was2The cattle eats grass on the side of the hill every day.eatseat3Tom as well as two of his friends were invited to the party last night
22、.werewas4His family are very big and all of his family are fond of sports.第一个areis5Not only Mr.Brown but also his two sons is going to attend the TV program.isare6There are an English book and three pens in the basket.areis7Either the judge or the lawyers was wrong on the case at that moment.waswere8Physics are a difficult subject for me to learn.areis9In my opinion，cheating in exams are wrong.areis10There was a time when I caught in the sadness of not passing an important exam.caught前加was