1、语法专题突破 专题三 谓语动词英 语 2023高 考 总 复 习 优 化 设 计 GAO KAO ZONG FU XI YOU HUA SHE JI 内 容 索 引增素能 精准突破测效果 课堂评价增素能 精准突破 一、一般现在时及其被动语态【真题语境】1.(2020全国卷)“This really excites scientists,”Carle Pieters,a scientist at Brown University,says,“because it _(mean)we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon_
2、(construct).”2.(2020全国卷)This is why decorating with plants,fruits and flowers _(carry)special significance.3.(2020新高考全国卷)The parts of a museum open to the public _(call)galleries or rooms.4.(2020新高考全国卷)Often,only a small part of a museums collection _(be)on display.meansis constructedcarriesare call
3、edis5.(2019全国卷)Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations,three are declining,six (be)stable,one is increasing,and nine lack enough data.6.(2018全国卷)While running regularly cant make you live forever,the review says it (be)more effective at lengthening life than walking,cycling or swimming.
4、7.(2017全国卷)Fast food (be)full of fat and salt;by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.areisis【用法点拨】1.一般现在时的动词第三人称变化规则 一般情况直接加-s,例如:learnlearns;comecomes;playplays。结尾为s,x,sh,ch或o,在词尾加-es,例如:passpasses;teachteaches;washwashes;fixfixes;gogoes。结尾为“辅音字母+y”时
5、变y为i再加-es,例如:carrycarries;crycries;studystudies。2.一般现在时的构成 主动语态:am/is/are或do/does。被动语态:am/is/are done。3.一般现在时的主要用法 表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态。Father always reads newspaper after breakfast.表示主语现在的性格、特征、能力。Does he like sports?用于时间和条件状语从句中代替一般将来时。I will tell him about it when I see him next Monday.【易混辨析】比较:一般现在时
6、与一般过去时 一般现在时主要用于习惯性或经常性的动作或状态,常与usually,often,seldom等频度副词连用。We usually have classes every day.一般过去时表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示过去的时间状语连用,如:last year,yesterday等。We didnt have classes last week.二、一般过去时及其被动语态【真题语境】1.(2021新高考全国卷)What comes next is the endless series of steps.You cant help wondering how ha
7、rd it _(be)for the people then to put all those rocks into place.2.(2021新高考全国卷)One of the biggest companies I wrote to _(be)Alaska Airlines Paris.3.(2021浙江卷)After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861,they rented the house and _(sell)most of their furniture.waswassold4.(2021浙江卷)The little
8、home (paint)white.It was sweet and fresh.Mary loved it.5.(2021全国甲卷)It (build)originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored(修复).6.(2021全国甲卷)We (hire)our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.7.(2020全国卷)The unmanned Change-4 probe(探测器)the name was insp
9、ired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess (touch)down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.was paintedwas builthiredtouched8.(2020全国卷)When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的)artist,they smiled and (point)down the river.9.(2020新高考全国卷)The 80,000 ob
10、jects collected by Sir Hans Sloane,for example,(form)the core collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759.10.(2019全国卷)Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award,proud Irene (declare)she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.11.(2019全国卷)Our hosts shared many of their experienc
11、es and (recommend)wonderful places to eat,shop,and visit.pointedformeddeclaredrecommended12.(2019全国卷)On the last day of our week-long stay,we_ (invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars,listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals.13.(2018全国卷)
12、The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government (start)a soil-testing program which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmersand 2011,fertilizer use dropped.14.(2018全国卷)True to a gorillas unaggressive nature,the huge animal (mean)me no real harm.were invited
13、startedmeant15.(2018浙江卷)I still remember visiting a friend whod lived here for five years and I (shock)when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time.16.(2017全国卷)Steam engines (use)to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers,with all the smoke and noise.17.
14、(2017全国卷)Later,engineers (manage)to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道),which became known as the tube.was shockedwere usedmanaged18.(2017全国卷)Sarah (tell)that she could be Britains new supermodel earning a million dollars in the new year.19.(2017浙江卷)Pahlsson and her husband (search)th
15、e kitchen,checking every corner,but turned up nothing.20.(2017浙江卷)Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got (sweep)into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden.was toldsearchedswept【用法点拨】1.规则动词过去式的变化规则 一般情况在动词后加-ed,如:looklooked;watchwatched。以-e结尾的动词后加-d,如:hopehoped;li
16、keliked。以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词变y为i再加-ed,如:studystudied;trytried。以重读闭音节或/r/音节结尾,词尾只有一个辅音字母时,双写词尾的辅音字母再加-ed,如:stopstopped;planplanned;preferpreferred;admitadmitted;permitpermitted2.一般过去时的构成 主动语态:was/were或did 被动语态:was/were done 3.一般过去时的主要用法 表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。A fire broke out last night.表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作。I we
17、nt to the cinema once a week when I was at school.在条件、时间状语从句中代替一般将来时。He said he would not go if it rained.【易混辨析】项目 一般过去时 过去进行时 相同点 二者所表示的动作都发生在过去 不同点 着重强调过去的动作,表示已经结束 仅表示在过去某一时间点,一个动作正在进行,有什么样的结果不得而知 项目 一般过去时 现在完成时 时间上 凡有明确的过去时间的均用过去时,不能用完成时,如含有ago,last year,just now,the other day 结果上 强调的是动作发生在“过去”,
18、和现在毫无关系 强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果,动作到现在刚完成或还在继续 三、现在完成时及其被动语态【真题语境】1.(2021浙江卷)It doesnt impress like George Washingtons plantation on the Potomac,but Lincolns home in downtown Springfield,Illinois,_(prove)irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.has proved/has proven2.(2019全国卷)In recent years so
19、me Inuit people in Nunavut _(report)increases in bear sightings around human settlements,leading to a belief that populations are increasing.3.(2019全国卷)Irene said,“I dont see any reason to give up work.I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I _(make)over the years.I work not bec
20、ause I have to,but because I want to.”4.(2018全国卷)Since 2011,the country (grow)more corn than rice.have reportedhave madehas grown【用法点拨】1.现在完成时的构成 主动语态:have/has+过去分词 被动语态:have/has been+过去分词 2.现在完成时的主要用法 现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去,持续到现在,也许还会持续下去。常与for.和 since.等表示一段时间的状语或 so far等表示包括现在时间在内的状语连用。所表示的动作在说话之前已完成,而对
21、现在有影响,句中没有具体的时间状语。还可用在时间和条件状语从句中,表示将来某时完成的动作,强调此动作先于主句动作发生。四、过去将来时及其被动语态【真题语境】(2020全国卷)The artist was sure he would _ (choose),but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperors chief minister,the old man laughed.be chosen【用法点拨】1.过去将来时的构成 主动语态:would+动词原形 被动语态:would be+过去分词 2.过去将来时的主要用法 过去将来时表示在过去
22、预计将来的某一时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。You knew I would come.I thought that Jack was going to write a letter to his father.测效果 课堂评价 一、练时鲜单句语法填空 1.One of the most impressive things will be that people can see which seats on a train are accessible to them when it _(arrive)at the station.2.According to Xinhua News Agen
23、cy,the Palace Museum and Huawei _(sign)a cooperation agreement on March 15.3.Liu Yu _(plan)to continue her studies earlier this year to prepare for the upcoming College Entrance Examination.However,the Ministry of Education announced in late January that the spring term would be delayed.4.When the T
24、okyo Olympics began,American Simone Biles _(expect)to win five gold medals.arrivessignedhad plannedwas expected5.Work will likely become much easier as 5G (allow)quicker downloads and a better ability to work online even if there is no Wi-Fi connection.will allow二、练模拟单句语法填空 1.(2022山东潍坊联考)If you ask
25、different people,you will _(provide)with different answers.2.(2021浙江温州模考)The park _(use)native plants and created open,natural spaces for wildlife.3.(2021湖北武汉4月模拟)“We paced around to avoid getting frostbite(冻伤)as the temperature _(stay)close to-30 and our drill batteries became too cold to work,”sai
26、d Loughborough Universitys Tom Matthews on the Conversation.be provided usedstayed 4.(2021河北唐山二模)In time when our interactions with others and the large amount of information we take in _(be)all too transient(转瞬即逝的),perhaps it is worth making a bit more time for reading out loud.5.(2021安徽合肥二模)In the
27、 late 1950s and early 1960s,several kinds of grapes for making wine _(introduce)from Bulgaria,Hungary and the Soviet Union.6.(2021山东烟台一模)The animals _(describe)as women in animal costumes with personalities and abilities of the species they represent.arewere introducedare described7.(2021山东济南模考)The
28、story started when they were looking for materials for learning how to program,and they _(realize)that there was not really anything good online.8.(2021广东广州冲刺联考)Great changes about seaside holidays _(take)place over the last few decades.9.(2021山东济南模考)The website started with basic lessons on robotic
29、s and coding.But now the lessons can support kids who _(involve)with robotics for years and who want to learn something new.10.(2021广东广州综合测试)Tea spread into northern China during the Tang Dynasty;by the Song Dynasty it _(acquire)loose-leaf production as well as the ceremonies that made its consumpti
30、on an art form.realizedhave takenhave been involvedhad acquired三、练语篇语篇填空 The first ever 3D-printed steel bridge 1._(open)in Amsterdam,the Netherlands.It was created by robotic arms using welding torches to deposit the structure of the bridge layer by layer,and 2._(make)of 4,500 kilograms of stainles
31、s steel.The 12-metre-long MX3D Bridge was built by four commercially available industrial robots and 3._(take)six months to print.The structure 4._(transport)to its location over the Oudezijds Achterburgwal canal in central Amsterdam last week and is now open to pedestrians and cyclists.has openedis
32、 made took was transported More than a dozen sensors attached to the bridge after the printing 5._(complete)will monitor strain,movement,vibration(振动)and temperature across the structure as people pass over it.This data will 6._(feed)into a digital model of the bridge.The 3D-printed steel bridge 7._
33、(try)many times before but failed.So engineers will use this model to study the properties of the unique material and will employ machines learning to spot any trends in the data that could indicate maintenance is necessary.They also hope it will help designers understand how 3D-printed steel might
34、8._(use)for larger and more complex building projects.was completed be fedhad been tried be usedMark Girolami at the University of Cambridge,who 9._(work)on the digital model with a team at the Alan Turing Institute in London,10._(say)that investigations into bridge failures often reveal deterioration(老化)that was missed.Constant data feedback may have been able to prevent these failures by providing an early warning,he says.is workingsays