1、第一部分教材重点全程攻略Book 4Unit 1 Women of achievement基础自主检测阅读识记.英译汉1.welfare n. 福利；福利事业2.institute n. 学会；学院；协会3.outspoken adj. 直言的；坦诚的4.sickness n. 疾病；恶心.汉译英1.specialist n. 专家；专业工作者2.nest n. 巢；窝3.childhood n. 童年；幼年时代4.generation n. 一代；一辈高频应用1.project n. 项目；工程；规划2.campaign n. 运动；战役vi. 作战；参加运动3.shade n. 荫；阴凉处
2、vt. 遮住光线4.worthwhile adj. 值得的；值得做的5.bond n. 联系；关系；结合；纽带6.respect vt.& n. 尊敬；尊重；敬意 7.audience n. 观众；听众；读者8.rate n. 比率；速度 9.kindness n. 仁慈；好意10.modest adj. 谦虚的；谦让的；适度的拓展变形1.achievement (n.) 成就；功绩achieve (vt.) 取得；实现2.connection (n.) 连接；关系connect (vt.) 联系connected (adj.) 有联系的3.organization (n.) 组织；机构；团体
3、organize (vt.) 组织4.behave (vt.& vi.) 举动；(举止或行为)表现behaviour (n.) 行为；举止；习性5.observe (vt.) 观察；观测；遵守observation (n.) 观察；观测6.argue (vt.& vi.) 讨论；辩论；争论argument (n.) 争论；争辩；争吵7.entertainment (n.) 款待；娱乐；娱乐表演entertain (vt.& vi.) 使愉快；款待entertained (adj.) 愉快的；高兴的entertaining (adj.) 令人愉快的8.crowd (n.) 人群；观众 (vt.)
4、 挤满；使拥挤crowded (adj.) 拥挤的9.inspire (vt.) 鼓舞；激发；启示inspired (adj.) 受到鼓舞的；有灵感的inspiring (adj.) 鼓舞人心的inspiration (n.) 鼓舞；灵感10.support (n.& vt.) 支持；拥护supporter (n.) 支持者；拥护者supporting (adj.) 次要的；支持的；辅助性的11.refer (vi.) 谈到；参考；查阅reference (n.) 提及；涉及；参考；查阅referred (过去式/过去分词)12.intend (vt.) 计划；打算intention (n.)
5、 打算；目的；意图13.emergency (n.) 突发事件；紧急情况emergent (adj.) 紧急的14.considerate (adj.) 考虑周到的consider (v.) 考虑；认为consideration (n.) 考虑；体谅considering (prep.) 考虑到；就而论15.deliver (vt.) 递送；生(小孩儿)；接生；发表(演说等)delivery (n.) 投递；交货；分娩1.以tion结尾的名词connection 连接，关系admiration 羡慕，钦佩construction 建造，建设pollution 污染2.后缀ation 的高频名词
6、inspiration 灵感；鼓舞consideration 考虑celebration 庆祝；庆典congratulation 祝贺appreciation 欣赏；感激civilization 文明expectation 期望adaptation 适应；改编本3.后缀ment构成的抽象名词entertainment 娱乐adjustment 调整agreement 协议amusement 娱乐，消遣announcement 宣布appointment 约定4.以ency结尾的高频名词emergency 紧急情况efficiency 效率；功效tendency 趋向；趋势fluency 流利；
7、流畅5.以ist结尾的高频名词specialist 专家journalist 记者psychologist 心理学家economist经济学家novelist 小说家tourist 旅行者，观光客一 动词介/副词1devote . to . 献身于；专心于2move off 离开；起程；出发3work out 解决；锻炼身体；结果是4crowd in (想法、问题等)涌上心头；涌入脑海5look down upon/on 蔑视；瞧不起6refer to 查阅；参考；谈到7come across (偶然)遇见；碰见8carry on 继续；坚持二 其他9lead/live a . life 过着
8、的生活10by chance碰巧；凑巧1“v.off”短语速记move off 离开；出发show off 炫耀；卖弄pay off 还清；取得好结果 take off 起飞；脱掉put off 推迟give off 发出(光、热、气味等)fall off 从掉下来 set off 出发；引爆2“动词on”必备短语一览carry on 继续；坚持 keep on 继续前进/工作decide on 决定 depend on 依靠，依赖move on 继续前进 insist on 坚持pass on 传递 get on 上车hand on 传递 rely on 依靠，依赖1“only状语”置于句首
9、的倒装句Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was_she_allowed_to_begin_her_project (使她得以开始自己的计划). (教材P2)2once引导的条件状语从句；现在分词短语作状语Once_I_stop (一旦我停下来), it all comes crowding_in (涌上心头) and I remember the chimps in laboratories. (教材P2)3it作形式主语的主语从句Suddenly it_hit_me (我忽然想起) how dif
10、ficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time. (教材P6)4It is/was . that/who . 强调句Further reading made me realize that it_was_hard_work_and_determination_as_well_as_her_gentle_nature_that (是苦干、决心和善良的天性) got her into medical school. (教材P6)5形容词短语作状语There was story after story of how Lin
11、 Qiaozhi, tired_after_a_days_work (在劳累一天之后), went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family who could not pay her. (教材P6)单句语法填空1_(follow) Janes way of studying chimps, our group _ (be) all going to visit them in the forest.答案：Following; are2_(watch) a family of chimps wake up _ (be) our firs
12、t activity of the day.答案：Watching; is3This means _ (go) back to the place where we left the family _ (sleep) in a tree the night before.答案：going; sleeping4Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the tree the family begins to wake up and move off.答案：while5She spent years _ (observe) and recording th
13、eir daily activities.答案：observing6One important thing she discovered was _ chimps hunt and eat meat.答案：that7She has helped to set up special places _ they can live safely.答案：where8By chance I came _ an article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi, _ specialist in womens diseases.答案：across; a9It was a s
14、mall book _ (explain) how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies.答案：explaining10I realized that the text _ (intend) for women in the countryside.答案：was intended考点步步冲关1 behavevt.& vi.举动；(举止或行为)表现Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how
15、 much they behave like humans.(P2)简研究这些黑猩猩家族已经很多年了，她帮助人们了解了黑猩猩跟人类的行为是多么的相似。(1)behave well/badly to/towards sb. 对待某人好/差behave oneself 守规矩；表现得体(2)wellbehaved adj. 表现好的badlybehaved adj. 表现差的(3)behavio(u)r n. 举止；行为即时练1单句语法填空They behaved badly _ the guests, which made us very disappointed.I think all of
16、us should mind our _ (behave) in public places.Students should be encouraged to develop good habits and better behave _.答案：to/towardsbehaviourthemselves2 observevt. 观测；观察；遵守；庆祝She spent years observing and recording their daily activities. (P2)她花了多年的时间来观察并记录黑猩猩的日常活动。(1)observe sb. do sth. 观察到某人做某事(全
17、过程)observe sb. doing sth. 观察到某人正在做某事observe that . 观察(2)observe the traffic rules 遵守交通规则observe Christmas 庆祝圣诞节(3)observation n. 观察；观测under observation 在监视下；在观察中名师点津在被动语态中，observe后充当补足语的不带to的动词不定式中的to要还原出来，即sb./sth. is observed to do sth.。即时练2单句语法填空Rules should be worked out and strictly _ (observe)
18、His neighbour observed a stranger _ (go) into his house.Tom was observed _ (steal) something from the shop.Someone is observed _ (open) the door.His order was to keep the men under _ (observe)答案：observedgostealingto openobservation3 arguevi.& vt.讨论；辩论；争论She has argued that wild animals should be lef
19、t in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements.(P2)她主张应该让野生动物留在野外生活，而不能用于娱乐或广告。(1)argue for . 为而争论；为而辩护argue against 争辩/反对argue with sb. about/over sth.与某人争辩某事argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事argue that . 认为/主张(2)argument n争论；争辩；论点即时练3单句语法填空As far as I know, they argue _ th
20、e right to vote.Its no use _ (argue) about the question with him, for he wont change his opinion.We tried many ways to argue him _ accepting our advice, but in vain.We had an _ (argue) with the waiter over the bill.答案：forarguingintoargument4 intendvt.计划；打算I looked carefully at the text and realized
21、that it was intended for women in the countryside. (P6)我仔细地看了这篇文章，了解到那是为农村妇女写的。(1)intend to do sth./doing sth. 打算做某事intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事(2)be intended to do sth. 准备做某事be intended for 专为而设计；专供用(3)intend that . 打算(4)intention n打算；意图；目的with the intention of 抱有的目的即时练4单句语法填空The school being bui
22、lt at present is said to be intended _the disabled children.Im writing to tell you my exciting plan for the summer holiday. I intend _ (join) a Dragon Boat Training Camp.They _ (intend) to go into the country for the day, but were put off by reports of traffic jams.This programme was set up with an
23、_ (intend) of providing help for homeless people.答案：forto join/joininghad intendedintention单句写作句式升级The programme turned out to be successful. The programme was intended to offer children regular opportunities to develop confidence and independence.a普通表达：The programme _ children regular opportunities
24、 to develop confidence and independence turned out to be successful. (定语从句)b高级表达：The programme _ children regular opportunities to develop confidence and independence turned out to be successful.(分词短语作定语)答案：a.which/that was intended to offerbintended to offer1look down upon/on 蔑视；轻视；瞧不起教材原句Many peop
25、le look down upon poor people.(P4)许多人瞧不起穷人。look up to 尊敬；仰视look forward to 盼望；期待look into 调查；审查look up 抬头看；查阅look on/upon . as . 把看作look out (for .) 注意；留意；留神()look through 浏览；翻阅即时练1用look相关短语的适当形式填空Do not _ him! I am sure he is a diamond in the rough.Ive always _ Tom for his courage and determination
26、.The police have received the complaint, and they are _ it.We _ a member of the family.I _ todays newspapers but I found nothing important.答案：look down uponlooked up tolooking intolook upon/on you aslooked through2refer to 查阅；参考；提及；指的是教材原句If the word group refers to different members, use a plural v
27、erb. (P5)如果单词“group”指的是各个成员，谓语动词用复数。(1)refer to . as . 把称作refer sth. to sb. 把某物提交给某人(解决)(2)reference n. 涉及；提及；参考；查阅in/with reference to 关于即时练2写出下列句中refer to的含义If you dont know the exact meaning of the word, you may refer to the dictionary._When giving the lecture, he referred to his note from time t
28、o time._You should refer this question to our teacher for an answer._She always refers to Ben as “that nice man”_答案：查阅参考提交提及单句语法填空The scientist referred to the discovery _ the most exciting new development in this field.You should refer this matter _ the head office for a decision.The result of the
29、research is for _ (refer) only.答案：astoreference1Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was_she_allowed_to_ begin her project.(P2)翻译她母亲头几个月来帮过她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划。(1)该句为“only状语”置于句首时，句子使用部分倒装的用法。only置于句首修饰作状语的副词或介词短语时，句子要倒装。only置于句首修饰状语从句时，主句要用部分倒装语序，从句不用倒装语序。only在句首修饰主语无须倒装。(2)
30、含有否定意义的副词或连词，如never, not, not only, little, seldom, hardly, not until, neither, nor, no sooner等放在句首时，句子要用部分倒装形式，即把助动词、情态动词或系动词置于主语之前。需要注意的是，在no sooner . than . 和hardly . when . 引导的句子中，主句常用过去完成时，从句常用一般过去时。即时练1单句写作一个人只有在离开家时，才会意识到家的温暖。_ one is away from home _ how nice home is.他不仅读了这本书，而且他还记住他所读的内容了。_
31、， but he also remembered what he had read.铃一响，学生们就冲出了教室。_ the students rushed out of the classroom.答案：Only when; does one realizeNot only did he read the bookHardly had the bell rung when2Suddenly it_hit_me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time. (P6)翻译我突然想起在那个年代，一个女子去
32、学医是多么困难啊。句中使用了“It hit(s) me从句”结构，意思是“我突然想到”，it在句中作形式主语。类似的结构还有：It occurs to sb. that . 某人突然想到It strikes sb. that . 某人突然想到即时练2一句多译他突然想到第二天上午他要参加一个重要的会议。_ he had an important conference to attend the next morning. (occur)_ he had an important conference to attend the next morning. (hit)_ he had an imp
33、ortant conference to attend the next morning. (strike)答案：It occurred to him thatIt hit him thatIt struck him that主谓一致概念：主谓一致是指句子中的谓语在人称、数方面要与作主语的名词或代词保持一致。主谓一致的三个原则：主谓一致分为语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。1语法一致原则语法一致指的是主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致。主语为单数，谓语用单数；主语为复数，谓语也用复数。He likes watching TV while we like playing football.他喜欢看电视，
34、而我们喜欢踢足球。2意义一致原则意义一致是指主语和谓语根据意思上的单、复数确定其一致关系。若主语表示复数意义，谓语用复数；若表示单数意义，谓语用单数。Five minutes is enough. 五分钟足够了。The crew are paid to do all the work on the ship.全体船员被雇来做船上所有的工作。3就近一致原则就近一致原则是指当句子有两个或两个以上并列主语时，谓语动词根据与其最邻近的主语确定人称和数的形式，如由下列词语连接的并列主语：or, either . or ., nor, neither . nor ., not . but ., not o
35、nly . but also .等。Neither the students nor the teacher is interested in it.学生们和老师都对此不感兴趣。重点提示as well as, rather than, together/along with, except, but, besides, including等引出短语时，谓语动词习惯上要与这些结构前面的主语保持一致(即与较远的那个主语一致)。集合名词作主语时的主谓一致1通常用作复数的集合名词，如：police, people, cattle等作主语时，谓语要用复数。Be calm, the police are
36、coming.镇静，警察就要来了。2只用作单数的不可数集合名词，如：clothing, poetry, baggage/luggage, furniture, scenery, jewellery, information, equipment等作主语时，其后谓语动词要用单数。Much equipment is needed in our lab.我们实验室需要许多设备。3既可以表单数意义也可表复数意义的集合名词，如：family, group, class, grade, team, army, nation, crowd, population, company, government,
37、committee等作主语时，根据其代表的意义决定谓语动词的形式。即表示整体意义时，谓语动词要用单数；表示个体意义时，谓语动词要用复数。Our class is better than any other class at playing football in our school.(强调整体)在我们学校，我们班在踢足球方面比其他任何一个班都好。His family are waiting for him to come back from abroad.(强调个体)他的家人正等着他从国外回来。即时练.单句语法填空1Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging
38、and swimming, _ (regard) as one of the best allround forms of exercise.答案：is regarded2Either you or one of your students _ (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.答案：is3My family _ the largest one in our village. Besides, my family _ all party members. (be)答案：is; are4To learn one or two fore
39、ign languages _ (be) very important nowadays.答案：is5It is important to remember that success _ (be) a sum of small efforts made each day and often _ (take) years to achieve.答案：is; takes.单句改错1The league secretary and monitor were asked to make a speech at the meeting last week._答案：werewas2Each boy and
40、 each girl want to go to the cinema._答案：wantwants3Not only the students but also the teacher wish for a holiday._答案：wishwishes4Whether he will help us with it dont matter too much._答案：dontdoesnt5The teacher together with some students are visiting the factory now._答案：areis基础达标演练.单句语法填空1Do you want t
41、o get this book _ (deliver) to your house or would you prefer to come to the shop for it yourself?答案：delivered2He has decided to get a look at the house and see if it might be worthwhile _ (buy) it.答案：to buy/buying3I _ (intend) to take a holiday last year, but wasnt able to get away.答案：had intended4
42、He made such an _ (inspire) speech that everybody got excited.答案：inspiring5He gave up the plan chiefly because it _ (support) by none of them.答案：was supported6Joanna left her husband because of his unacceptable _ (behave)答案：behaviour7Gun control is a subject _ which Americans have argued for a long
43、time.答案：about8He was observed _ (follow) her closely yesterday.答案：to follow9There is no doubt that flying across the Atlantic for the first time was a great _ (achieve)答案：achievement10Only later did _ hit me that I shouldnt have told her the story.答案：it.单句改错1It is considerate for you not to make any
44、 noise while the others are having a rest._答案：forof2We did all we could inspire his creative thinking, expecting that he could think up some new ideas for the project._答案：第一个could后加to3Since youre alone, why not joining us in playing the game?_答案：joiningjoin4The woman, together with her husband and t
45、wo children, all looking anxious, were asking the guard to let them through then._答案：werewas5The young girl devotes all her spare time to study English._答案：studystudying.教材微写作A根据提示完成句子1戴西一生都奉献给了无家可归的儿童。(devote)_答案：Daisy has devoted all her life to the homeless children.2她的行为赢得了所有人的尊重。(behaviour; res
46、pect)_答案：Her behaviour has won everyones respect.3我碰见了戴西，她应邀发表演讲。(come across; deliver)_答案：I came across Daisy, who was invited to deliver a speech.4她认为照顾孩子是平凡的工作，但是不要瞧不起平凡的工作。(look down upon)_答案：She holds the belief that caring for children is an ordinary job, but dont look down upon ordinary jobs.
47、5一旦开始做一件事情，你就必须坚持下去，否则你将一事无成。(carry on)_答案：Once you begin to do something, you must carry on with it or you will never achieve anything.B将以上句子连成一篇逻辑严密的短文，注意书写规范答案：Daisy has devoted all her life to the homeless children. Therefore, her behaviour has won everyones respect. Recently, I came across Daisy, who was invited to deliver a speech. She holds the belief that caring for children is an ordinary job, but dont look down upon ordinary jobs. Once you begin to do something, you must carry on with it, or you will never achieve anything.