1、核心要点回扣.重点单词1tend vi.趋向，易于，照顾vt.照顾，护理tendency n. 倾向，偏好2oppose vt.反对；反抗opposed adj.反对的，对立的3consequence n结果；后果；影响consequent adj.随之发生的；作为结果的consequently adv.所以，因而4state vt.陈述；说明statement n陈述，说明5contribute v捐献；促成；投稿contribution n贡献.重点短语1come2.3.4.5.重点句式1There is no doubt that(毫无疑问)the earth is becoming w
2、armer(see Graph 1)and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.2Even if we start reducing(即使我们开始减少)the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases，the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.3It is OK to le
3、ave an electrical appliance on so long as youre using it(只要你在用)if not，turn it off!4It takes a lot of energy to make things from new materials(用新材料来做这些东西要耗费大量的能源)，so, if you can，buy things made from recycled materials.概要写作细读P2627课文，根据下列提示词汇，写一篇60词左右的内容概要。subscribe to；fossil fuels；due to；greenhouse ef
4、fect；go up；quantities of；trend；catastrophe；result in；be opposed to 【参考范文】All the scientists subscribe to the view that the increase in the earths temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels which has resulted in the increase in carbon dioxide.The greenhouse effect begins when we add huge quant
5、ities of carbon dioxide into the atomosphere causing the global temperature to go up.But the attitudes of scientists towards this rise are different.Some think the trend in the rise would cause a catastrophe.Others are opposed to this view.单元综合测评(四).阅读理解(共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D
6、)中，选出最佳选项。AImagine being given the opportunity to wake up to lions，eat your meals with monkeys，and even share your bath with bears，all from the comfort of a unique new lodging experience.The Jamala Wildlife Lodge opened its doors in January 2015，which was set up in an effort to educate visitors abou
7、t aiding the survival of many of the worlds endangered species.“Its great for the animals；theyre going to get more space.Its great for the viewing public；theyre going to get more things to see.It will be great for tourism and just for the local community，” Said Richard Tindale，the owner and operator
8、.Spreading across three locations in the National Zoo，the 18 rooms，which range from giraffe tree houses to jungle bungalows，offer a fantastic experience with wildlife.The Giraffe TreehouseThe Giraffe Treehouse is set among the giraffe enclosures (围场)，and the Jungle Bungalows are luxurious individual
9、 suites which are next to either lion，cheetah (猎豹)，brown bear，or Malaysian sun bear enclosures.The Ushaka HouseHousing up to 26 people，the Ushaka House is built around the monkey enclosure and has a builtin aquarium which offers private views of some of the zoos sharks.The Burley Griffin HouseOnly m
10、eters from the edge of Lake Burley Griffin，the indoor and outdoor entertaining areas have splendid views across the lake to Black Mountain.The Shark HouseThe Shark House has its own little jetty(码头) and it comes out over the shark tank here and so the people who stay in the room will be able to go t
11、o their bedroom and pat the shark.LocationLocated in the heart of Australias political capital，the Jamala Wildlife Lodge at the National Zoo and Aquarium is just ten minutes from Canberras central Business District.1What cant be seen at the Jamala Wildlife Lodge?ASharks.BLions.CMonkeys.DPolar bear.【
12、解析】细节理解题。根据第五、六段的内容可知，在澳大利亚加马拉野生动物旅馆可以看到鲨鱼、狮子、猴子和棕熊，但没有提到北极熊，故选D。【答案】D2. If a tourist wants to visit Lake Burley Griffin，hed better choose AThe Giraffe TreehouseBThe Ushaka HouseCThe Burley Griffin HouseDThe Shark House【解析】细节理解题。从文中第七段“Only meters from the edge of Lake Burley Griffin.”可知答案，故选C。【答案】C
13、3The purpose of writing the passage is to Aattract more tourists to visit the National Zoo.Bintroduce the Jamala Wildlife Lodge in AustraliaCraise peoples awareness of protecting animalsDoffer visitors an opportunity to play with sharks【解析】推理判断题。全文对澳大利亚加马拉野生动物旅馆作了一个简要介绍，故选B。【答案】BBAfter years of stud
14、y，I have known there are only two types of people in this world：those who get to the airport early and those who arrive as the plane is about to take off.If there were any justice in this world，the earlyairport people would be rewarded for doing the right thing and the lateairport people would be pu
15、nished.But the earlyairport people get ulcers(溃疡)，heart attacks and bite their fingernails to the bone (急得团团转)The lateairport people are hardly aware that they are flying.A guy of that kind once said，“Dont hurry.If you miss your flight，its because God didnt want you to go.”This is clearly a guy who
16、is never going to get an ulcer.Earlyairport people suffer another“name”They are called exactly what they arewimps(懦夫)I know I am an earlyairport person for years.My luggage will get on the plane first，which makes it the last luggage they take off the plane after landing.Another strange thing：No matt
17、er how early I showed up，I was always told that someone had called two or three years ahead of me and asked for the best seat.I figured it was a trick.I figured there was someone in America who called every airline every day and said，“Is that wimp Simon flying somewhere today？If he is，give me his se
18、at.”After a lifetime arguing with my wife over whether I really have to pack 24 hours in advance and set the alarm clock four hours ahead，I have learned another fact about earlyairport people and lateairport people：They always marry each other.4We can learn from the passage that Alateairport persons
19、 often get ulcers or heart attacksBearlyairport persons are always relaxed during the flightCearlyairport persons get their luggage first after landingDlateairport persons always take things easy【解析】细节理解题。从第二段及第三段所举事例可知，晚到机场的人总是沉得住气，不慌不忙，故选D。从第二段第二句可知A项和B项错；从第四段最后一句可知C项错。【答案】D5It could be inferred t
20、hat the writers wife is Aan earlyairport womanBa lateairport womanCa hottempered womanDa fascinating woman【解析】推理判断题。根据文章可知作者属于“早到机场的人。”文章的结尾提到了作者的另一个发现：早到机场的人总是与晚到机场的人结婚。由此，可推知作者的妻子属于“晚到机场的人”，故选B。【答案】B6The writing style of the passage would be best described as AseriousBsimpleChumorousDindifferent【解
21、析】推理判断题。综观全文，作者的写作风格诙谐幽默，妙趣横生，故选C。【答案】CC(2016江苏高考)El Nio，a Spanish term for “the Christ child，”was named by South American fishermen who noticed that the global weather pattern，which happens every two to seven years，reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas.El Nio sees warm water，collecte
22、d over several years in the western Pacific，flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken，or sometimes the other way round.The weather effects，both good and bad，are felt in many places.Rich countries gain more from powerful Nios，on balance，than they lose.A study found that a str
23、ong Nio in 199798 helped Americas economy grow by $15 billion，partly because of better agricultural harvests：farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain.The total rise in agricultural incomes in rich countries is greater than the fall in poor ones.But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flam
24、es.A multiyear drought(干旱) in southeast Brazil is becoming worse.Though heavy rains brought about by El Nio may relieve the drought in California，they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.The most recent powerful Nio，in 199798，killed around 21，000 people and caused damage worth $
25、36 billion around the globe.But such Nios come with months of warning，and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare.According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI)，however，just 12% of disasterrelief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance
26、，rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards.This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on riskreduction saves at least two on reconstruction.Simple improvements to infrastructure(基础设施) can reduce the spread of disease.Better sewers(下水道) make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an out
27、break of the disease of bad stomach.Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods.According to a paper in 2011 by Mr.Hsiang and coauthors，civil conflict is related to El Nios harmful effectsand the poorer the country，the stronger the link.Though the
28、 relationship may not be causal，helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people.Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nio，reducing their losses ne
29、eds to be the priority.【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普说明文，介绍了厄尔尼诺现象的由来以及它对人们生活的影响。文章根据ODI对20年救灾资金的投向的分析，得出防灾重于救灾的结论，这也是作者写此文的目的。文章最后提出防止厄尔尼诺带来次生灾害的措施。7What can we learn about El Nio in Paragraph 1?AIt is named after a South American fisherman.BIt takes place almost every year all over the world.CIt forces fishermen t
30、o stop catching fish around Christmas.DIt sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean.【解析】细节理解题。根据首段第一句.a Spanish term for “the Christ child，”.South American fishermen who noticed that the global weather pattern，which happens every two to seven years.可知，“厄尔尼诺”是西班牙语的译音，原意是“神童”或“圣明之子”，是由很早就注
31、意海洋与天气的关系的南美洲的渔民命名的，所以D项“它能体现大洋中潮流方向的改变”为正确选项。根据首段第一句可知南美洲的渔民发现了这一现象，而非“某个渔民”，故A项错误；B项是常识性错误；C项恰好与文章内容相反。【答案】D8What may El Nios bring about to the countries affected?AAgricultural harvests in rich countries fall.BDroughts become more harmful than floods.CRich countries gains are greater than their l
32、osses.DPoor countries suffer less from droughts economically.【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句Rich countries gain more from powerful Nios，on balance，than they lose.可知，富裕国家因厄尔尼诺而得到的东西要比它们失去的多。由此可锁定正确答案为C。【答案】C9The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that Amore investment should go to risk reductionBgovern
33、ments of poor countries need more aidCvictims of El Nio deserve more compensationDrecovery and reconstruction should come first【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第四段ODI提供的数据可知，在过去的20年中只有12%的救灾资金投入到提前预防方面，显然投入比例较小；再联系第四段最后一句.that a dollar spent on riskreduction saves at least two on reconstruction.(在预防灾害方面花一美元就能在灾后重建方面至少
34、省两美元)可知正确答案为A。【答案】A10What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?ATo introduce El Nio and its origin.BTo explain the consequences of El Nio.CTo show ways of fighting against El Nio.DTo urge people to prepare for El Nio.【解析】主旨大意题。文章从第四段ODI的数据分析和第五段如何防止厄尔尼诺带来次生灾害这两个方面，鼓励人们以正向心态积极应对厄尔尼诺现象。A项与B项都
35、属范围太小；C项偏离主题。厄尔尼诺本身是一种自然现象，人们可以研究如何利用它，而不是去违背它。【答案】D.阅读填句(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 【导学号：33100049】(2016山东聊城一中高二模拟)What will you do if you cant eat everything bought in the canteen? 11 According to a survey，what students waste every year could feed over 10 million peo
36、ple. 12 According to Xinhua News Agency，the food wasted by Chinese people is about 50 million tons of grain every year，which could feed 200 million people.Food waste，which has become a global issue，serves as a mirror that reflects various cultural and social issues in different countries.In the West
37、，for instance，consumerism，the belief that its a good thing to use a lot of goods and services，is often to blame for food waste. 13 Chinese people are well known for being hospitable and generous.Many even feel that they lose face if their guests have eaten all the food.On campus，a generation of sing
38、le children is less aware of the food waste issue.Students nowadays are well protected by their families and hardly have any concept of how much toil (辛劳) others go through in order to provide them with the food they eat. 14 There are over 925 million hungry people in the world，most of whom live in
39、underdeveloped countries and areas.They dont have enough food to eat.Many children die for lack of nutrition each year in some African countries.And farmers work very hard to grow the crops. 15 Its also important that everyone should think about how they can do their bit to reduce food waste.AStuden
40、ts waste is extremely serious.BChina，in turn，features its own eating culture.CStudents can never realize the serious food crisis.DCompared with them，some live in a different world.EBut canteen waste is merely the tip of the iceberg.FSo theres no excuse that we should waste our food.GMost of us would
41、 simply throw away any leftover food.11【解析】根据第二行“what students waste every year could feed over 10 million people”可知，学生们会把吃不完的饭菜倒掉，由此造成的浪费能够养活一千多万人，故选G。【答案】G12【解析】根据“the food wasted by Chinese people is about 50 million tons of grain every year，which could feed 200 million people”可知，中国人浪费掉的粮食能够养活两亿人
42、，说明食堂的浪费现象只是冰山一角，故选E。【答案】E13【解析】根据本段首句“Food waste.serves as a mirror that reflects various cultural and social issues”和“Chinese people are well known for being hospitable and generous.Many even feel that they lose face if their guests have eaten all the food.”可知，食物浪费现象反映一个国家的饮食文化和习惯，故选B。【答案】B14【解析】根
43、据“There are over 925 million hungry people in the world，most of whom live in underdeveloped countries and areas.”可知，本段讲的是处于饥饿中的人们，故选D。【答案】D15【解析】根据“Many children die for lack of nutrition each year.And farmers work very hard to grow the crops.”可知，世界其它地方的孩子因饥饿而死，而且农民种粮食很辛苦，因此我们没有理由浪费粮食，每个人都应该想一想该怎样减少
44、食物浪费，故选F。 【答案】F.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入的空白处的最佳选项。There was once a group of young people searching everywhere for happiness but what they got was only annoyance，grief and misery.So they 16 Socrates for advice on where happiness 17 But 18 giving any answers，Socra
45、tes asked them to help with building a 19 first.The group of guys had to 20 the task，laying aside their own business of seeking happiness.It took them a long time to cut down a tall tree，gouging out (挖空) the center.Through painstaking effort，they made a canoe out of the tree.They launched the canoe
46、into a river，and then 21 together in it，singing with 22 Socrates asked，“My children，do you have happiness now？” They answered in chorus: “We 23 be happier！” Socrates 24 ，“Thats it! 25 you are too busy pursuing something to notice anything bitter，happiness will occur.”From the story I got to know tha
47、t happiness 26 hides behind every tiny thing that you are involved in，and that you may only get pleasure through 27 work and creativity.We may have to 28 pain in our daily life and in the process of 29 happiness.Sometimes we tend to look for happiness in 30 things，like a new car，clothes，etc.True lon
48、g term happiness，however，comes from within our 31 and spirit.So why not turn suffering into 32 life，and 33 tears into the light in your heart? Only in this way can we make it through and find true happiness.So my dear friends，just remember happiness is a state of mind and a matter of 34 ，and I 35 yo
49、u all a life of happiness.16A.led toBstuck toCbelonged toDturned to 【解析】根据上下文可知他们遇到困难了前去找人求助，turn to sb. for advice“转向某人求助”，所选D。【答案】D17A.holdBlayCstoodDlaid【解析】根据情理可知他们找不到幸福，于是去问苏格拉底幸福在哪里。【答案】B18A.apart fromBother thanCinstead ofDin case of【解析】从转折词But可以判断苏格拉底没告诉他们答案，而是让他们去干活，所以选C。【答案】C19A.boatBroomC
50、bridge Dhospital【解析】根据下文“They launched the canoe into a river，”可知苏格拉底让他们造的是一艘小船，选A。【答案】A20A.set downBset aboutCset outDset up【解析】根据词义搭配可知此处指他们不得不开始干活 ，答案选B。【答案】B21A.ranBstoodCrowedDmade 【解析】根据前句“They launched the canoe into a river，”可以判断他们坐到船里去划船，选C。【答案】C22A.sadnessBjoyCappointmentDhope【解析】根据空前词sing
51、ing可以判断他们是开心地唱歌，选B。【答案】B23A.mustntBshouldntCneednt Dcouldnt【解析】根据上文可知他们非常开心，所以此处是否定词和比较级连用来表示最高级的意思，句意：我们再开心不过了。【答案】D24A.explainedBsaidCannouncedDadded 【解析】由语境可知那些人说完后，苏格拉底又接着说，所以是补充说，选D。【答案】D25A.UnlessBWheneverCUntilDHowever【解析】根据前后两个句子的关系可知此处指时间，句意：当你们忙着追求一个目标而注意不到有痛苦，困苦存在的时候，幸福就会出现。选B。【答案】B26A.ne
52、verBalwaysCeverDseldom【解析】根据情理可知作者认为幸福总是隐藏在每个小事的背后，答案选B。【答案】B27A.carefulBlimitChardDeffective【解析】从上述故事可知人们只有在经历困苦之后，才会有收获的喜悦和快乐，所以选C。【答案】C28A.experienceBescapeCappreciateDdelay【解析】文中讲述的故事是苏格拉底告诉人们要在经历了艰难困苦之后才会体会到幸福，所以选A。【答案】A29A.seekingBsearchingCcreatingDimproving【解析】根据文章首句“There was once a group o
53、f young people searching everywhere for happiness”以及故事内容可知作者指的是在寻找幸福的过程中，search sth./sb.意思是“搜查某地或搜身”，所以答案选A。【答案】A30A.spiritualBgoodCfreshDmaterial【解析】根据后面列举的事物可知这是物质追求，所以选D。【答案】D31A.bodyBbrainCsoul Dheart【解析】从however判断此处指与前面所提到的物质追求是相反的，而且由and也可断定此空和spirit是同类的名词，所以选C。【答案】C32A.blamingBpraisingCcritic
54、izingDaccusing【解析】根据下文“tears into the light in your heart”可知此处强调转变心态，把消极情绪变为积极情绪，选项中praising是褒义词，所以选B。【答案】B33A.turnBputCdivideDdraw【解析】根据前句“why not turn suffering into life”可以判断此处填turn，选A。【答案】A34A.timeBenergyCfactDchoice【解析】根据上文内容可知幸福是一种心态，人们可以选择去感受快乐，感激生活，所以答案选D。【答案】D35A.promiseBwishCtakeDdemand【解析
55、】根据上文内容可知此处指作者的一种祝愿，句意 ：幸福是一种心态，是一件可以选择的事情，祝福你们所有的人幸福一生。【答案】B.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Online shopping is coming into fashion in most cities，where people are able to make full use of the rapidlydeveloped Internet technology.Nowadays，can we find a person 36. has no
56、t experienced online shopping? Definitely not.Online shopping 37. (welcome)by most people due to various reasons.From the perspective of consumers，it can save some time for people who dont have much spare time.Just click the mouse，they can get whatever they want while 38. (stay)at home.For the retai
57、lers，it can cut some costs for those who dont have much circulating funds.39. (compare)with the traditional trade mode，they dont have to spend money in renting a house.40. ， there are still some disadvantages in online shopping.First，a facetoface deal makes online shopping less 41. (rely)and trustwo
58、rthy.Second，people will lose 42. fun of bargaining.43 is undeniable that shopping on the Internet has become a trend in modern society.Its of great urgency that we need to make the relative laws according to the rapid 44. (grow) of online shopping.Only in this way can we enjoy the pleasure and 45. (
59、convenient)of online shopping without the concern of being cheated.36【解析】person后面跟的是定语从句， 从句中缺少主语， 且先行词指人， 应用who或者that引导。【答案】who/that37【解析】welcome和主语online shopping之间是被动关系， 应用被动语态。【答案】is welcomed38【解析】此处是省略，stay与they为主动关系。【答案】staying39【解析】compared with与相比。【答案】Compared40【解析】上下文之间是转折关系， 且空后面有逗号， 应用how
60、ever。【答案】However41【解析】此处是“make 复合宾语”结构， 由句意“面对面的交易使网上购物不那么可信。”可知， 应用形容词作宾语补足语。【答案】reliable42【解析】此处是特指“讨价还价的乐趣”。特指加定冠词the。【答案】the43【解析】句中it是形式主语， 真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。【答案】It44【解析】形容词修饰后面名词。【答案】growth45【解析】convenience和pleasure是并列关系， 作enjoy的宾语， 应用名词。【答案】convenience .完成句子(满分20分；每小题2分，共10小题)46毫无疑问，近视在我国年轻人中
61、是一个严重的问题。 nearsightedness is a serious problem among the youth of our country.47你知道“土豪”这个词什么时候出现的吗？Do you know when the word “Tuhao” ？48这个博物馆竣工后将于明年向公众开放。 ，the museum will be opened to the public next year.49要是没有空气，地球上则不会有生命。Without air， no air on the earth.50麻烦在于哪里能找到这么多的小船。The trouble lies in so m
62、any boats.51你最好坐出租车，否则可能会误了火车。Youd better take a taxi. ，maybe youll miss the train.52即使得一路走着去，我也要去那里。Ill go there I walk all the way.53在他家发现了大量毒品。Quantities of drugs at his home.54我不会再容忍他们抽烟了。I their smoking any longer.55只要不灰心，我们就能找到克服困难的方法。So long as we ，well find a way to overcome the difficulty.【
63、答案】46.There is no doubt that47.came into existence48.After completed49.there would be50where to find51.If not52.even if；have to53.were found54.wont put up with55.dont lose heart.应用文写作(满分20分)假如你是Sandy Smith，你的笔友Li Hua给你写了一封信，内容如下：Dear Sandy，Im writing this letter to ask for help.I will visit England
64、soon，but I know little about the culture of England.Please give me a hand.Im looking forward to hearing from your reply soon.Yours，Li Hua请给Li Hua回一封信，要点如下：1交通和气候注意事项(适应靠左行走或驾驶的交通规则，出门带伞)；2公共场合的注意事项 (保持安静等)；3和英国人交往的注意事项 (尊重隐私等)。注意：1词数：80左右，信的格式、开头和结尾已写好，不计入总词数；2参考词汇：appointment (n.)预约；3无需逐条翻译，可适当增加细节
65、。Dear Li Hua，It is a great chance to visit England. Have a good time.Yours，Sandy Smith【参考范文】Dear Li Hua，It is a great chance to visit England.And Im sure that it will be of some use if you can take the following points into account.First，you should adapt yourself to the basic rules of British traffi
66、c，such as driving and walking on the left.Besides，youd better bring an umbrella when going out as the weather there is changeable.Second，please keep quiet even in public places like supermarkets because noise is offensive there.Last but not least，it is impolite to ask questions about ones privacy，which will easily cause misunderstanding.Have a good time.Yours，Sandy Smith