1、 Module 4A Social Survey My Neighbourhood (主题语境人与社会之科学与技术：社会进步与人类文明)1account n账户；描述2.supply vt.提供3run vt.经营；管理 4.prohibit v禁止5prejudice n偏见；成见 6.discrimination n歧视7reduce vt.减少 8.innocent adj.清白的；无辜的9statistics n统计数字，统计资料10unfair adj.不公平的；不公正的11acquaintance n熟人 12.familiar adj.熟悉的13close adj.密切的 14.
2、misunderstand vt.误解15harmony n. 和谐 16.quarrel v吵架17accompany vt.陪伴 18.religious adj.宗教的19treat vt.对待 20.respect vt.尊重21belief n相信；信仰 22.wealth n财富23welfare n福利 24.freedom n自由25community n社区 26.benefit n好处 vt.有益于27approve vt.批准；赞成 28.organization n组织29advertisement n广告 30.agreement n协议1be located in/
3、lie in 坐落于；位于2be surrounded by 被包围/环绕着3settle down 定居4cover an area of. 占地面积为5date from/back to 追溯到6have a history of. 有的历史7be wellknown for 以闻名8be wellknown as 作为闻名9be rich in 富含；盛产10have a population of 有人口11name after 以命名12take on a new look 呈现新面貌13in memory of.为了纪念14keep up 保持15in the long run 从
4、长远来看16at the top/foot of. 在的顶部/底部(脚下)17set up 建立 18.pass down 传下来；遗传19run across 偶然遇到 20.believe in 信任1Internet voting is quite popular nowadays. Many people are somewhat puzzled at the negative side of the voting, although some are quite happy with it, and active in doing it.网络投票如今非常流行。很多人对投票的负面影响有
5、些疑惑，然而一些人对它相当满意，并积极参与。2You have asked for my advice with regard to the students safety at school and I will try to make some suggestions.你向我征求有关学生在校安全问题的建议，我会尝试着提出一些建议。3My hometown lies at the foot of the mountain, with a big river running in front of it.我的家乡就在山脚下，有一条大河从它的前面流过。4Now the most importan
6、t thing for us to do is to take measures to protect us from the haze.现在，对我们来说要做的最重要的事情就是采取措施保护我们免受雾霾的危害。 单词巧练写准并记牢.识记单词(一)会其形1survey n. 调查2.hometown n. 家乡3pretty adv. 很；相当 4.sound vi. 听起来5bother vt. 打扰；烦扰；麻烦 6.approach vt. 接近7traffic n. 交通 8.exchange vt. 交换9afford vt. 买得起；有能力支付 10.contact vt. 联络；联系(
7、某人)11rent n. 租金 12.park vt. 停车(二)知其意1local adj. 地方的；局部的 2.suburb n. 城郊；郊区3nuisance n. 令人讨厌的人或事 4.district n. 地域；区域；行政区5harbour n. 海港 6.architecture n. 建筑7gorgeous adj. 美丽的；宜人的 mittee n. 委员会.拓展单词1neighbourhood n. 四邻；街坊neighbour n. 邻居2attractive adj. 有吸引力的；吸引人的attract vt. 吸引attraction n. 吸引；名胜3fortuna
8、te adj. 幸运的；吉祥的fortunately adv. 幸运地；吉祥地fortune n. 运气；财富4tourist n. 旅游者；观光客tour vt.& n. 旅游；观光tourism n. 旅游业5starve vi. 饿死starvation n. 饿死；挨饿6occupation n. 职业occupy v. 占用；占据7professional adj. 专业的profession n. 职业；专业8organisation n. 组织organise vt. 组织9unemployed adj. 失业的；没有工作的unemployment n. 失业employment
9、 n. 就业；工作；职业employ vt. 雇用employer n. 雇主employee n. 雇员10fascinating adj. 迷人的；吸引人的fascinate vt. 使着迷fascinated adj. 着迷的，被深深吸引的fascination n. 魅力11survive vi. 死里逃生；大难不死survival n. 幸存survivor n. 幸存者高考与教材1.(2019全国卷)A local farmer told them the dog sounded (sound)like one advertised as lost in the local pap
10、er.2(2019天津卷)Ive never exchanged words with those moms beyond small talk, but they wanted to help.3(2011陕西卷)Unfortunately (fortunate), also like her mother, she developed leukemia because of her work with radioactivity (辐射能)4(2019全国卷)If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province，you
11、could be eligible (符合条件) for this program，which provides eight weeks of paid employment (employ) along with training.5(2018全国卷)None of these seems to have much chance of survival (survive)6(2018全国卷)As the end of school approaches (approach), and school vacation reading lists loom (逼近) ahead, parents
12、 might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list.7(2018全国卷)How long does it probably take a tourist (tour) to drive to Holker from Manchester？1后缀al高频形容词汇总professional 专业的personal 个人的international 国际的 national 国家的；民族的traditional 传统的occupational 职业的2程度副词步步深入slightly 轻微地fairly
13、相当quite 很；相当pretty 很；相当rather 相当；非常very 非常3含否定前缀un的高频单词unemployed adj. 失业的uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的unexpected adj. 意想不到的unhealthy adj. 不健康的unusual adj. 不寻常的unacceptable adj. 不能接受的 短语巧练写准并记牢1.put_up 修建；张贴2so_far/up_to_now/till_now 到目前为止3get_away_from 摆脱4a_great_many/a_number_of 许多；大量5make_it 做成；成功6go_u
14、p 上升7pay_back 归还；偿还8at_weekends 在周末9make_money 挣钱10as_a_result 结果高考与教材1.(2017全国卷)Athletes from our school team have won a_good_many/a_number_of gold medals of table tennis contests in recent years and the coaching team is also very professional.2(2017全国卷)Even worse, the amount of fast food that peop
15、le eat goes_up.3(2016天津卷)Last summer, she wanted to join our local swim team.She practiced hard and finally made_it.4(2016北京卷)A week before Earth Day, posters were put_up around our school, calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth.1“许多；大量”太多了a great manyplenty ofa large number ofa
16、great/good deal ofa large quantity of/large quantities of2“v.up”短语全接触go up 上升break up 分裂；打碎build up 逐渐增强；建立bring up 抚养；教育pick up (无意中)学会；捡起3“v.it”短语精选make it 做成；成功get it 明白；理解go it 赶快做watch it 注意catch it 受批评 句式仿写写准并记牢1.It is/has been一段时间since.表示“自从已经多长时间了”Its been six years since we last saw each ot
17、her, you know. 你知道，自从我们上次见面到现在已经有六年了。2this is the first time (that).意为“第一次”，从句要用现在完成时And this is the first time Ive visited your hometown. 这是我第一次参观你的家乡。3the way that.其中that引导定语从句修饰the wayCities are interesting, and they can be beautiful, but they are never beautiful in the way that the countryside i
18、s beautiful. 城市很有趣，也会很美丽，但它们的美永远不会是乡村的那种美。高考与教材1.(2019浙江卷)然而，当她挂断电话时，她后悔自己处理电话的方式。However，when she hung up，she regretted the_way_she_had_handled the call.2(2018北京卷)因为这是我第一次向外国学生展示怎样制作茶，因此一开始我感到有点紧张。Because this_was_the_first_time_that_I_had_shown foreign students how to make tea, I felt a little ner
19、vous in the beginning.3(2018全国卷)他三岁时和他妈妈搬到英国去了，从我上次见到他到现在已经13年了。Hed moved to England with his mum when he was three and it_had_been_13_years_since Id last seen him.高频词汇精讲1bother vt.打扰；烦扰；麻烦 n. 麻烦；困难There are a lot of tourists around. Dont they bother you?(这里)到处都是游客。他们对你们没有干扰吗？(1)bother to do/doing s
20、th. 费心做某事bother sb. with/about sth. 为某事打扰或麻烦某人It bothers sb. that/to do sth. 使某人苦恼的是(2)have bother (in) doing sth. 做某事费力(1)单句语法填空Im sorry to bother you with/about so many questions on such an occasion.He wont come, so why bother inviting/to_invite (invite) him?We had quite a lot of bother getting (g
21、et) here because of the fog.(2)一句多译你找到这所房子费劲吗？Did you have_much_bother_(in) finding the house？(bother)Did you have_trouble/difficulty_(in) finding the house？(trouble/difficulty)2approach v接近，靠近；找(某人)商量；着手处理 n接近；通道；方法；步骤Now were leaving the business district and approaching the harbour.现在我们正离开商业区接近码头
22、。(1)approach sb. on/about (doing) sth. 与某人商量(做)某事(2)at the approach of 在快到的时候an approach to (doing) sth. (做)某事的方法/途径名师指津 approach表示“的方法/途径”时，后常接介词to；当表示某人或某物来临时，其后常接介词of。(1)单句语法填空I approached him about/on filling the managers job.The job market has changed and our approach to finding (find) work mus
23、t change as well.(2)一句多译随着秋季来临，天气变得凉爽起来。With_autumn_approaching,_the weather becomes cool.As_autumn_is_approaching,_the weather becomes cool.The_approach_of autumn brings the cool weather.3exchange vt.& n交换；交流；兑换There are museums, cinemas, theatres, art galleries, parks, coffee bars, clubs and many
24、other places where people can meet and exchange ideas.有很多博物馆、电影院、剧院、艺术馆、公园、咖啡馆、俱乐部及其他的许多地方，在那里人们可以见面并交流思想。(1)exchange sth. with sb. 与某人交换某物exchange A for B 以A换B(2)in exchange (for.) 作为交换，互换exchange students 交换生名师指津 exchange和change作动词时，前者强调双方交换，而后者则强调事物的属性或位置的改变。(1)单句语法填空I am going to travel abroad,
25、so I go to exchange some RMB for dollars in the bank.Italy is the latest Western European country trying to control a growing immigrant (移民) population by demanding language skills in exchange for work permits, or in some cases, citizenship.(2)补全句子We students should often exchange_ideas_with_our_par
26、ents,_who are rich in experience, and above all, love us most in the world.我们学生应该经常和父母交换意见，他们经验丰富，而且最重要的是，在这个世界上他们是最爱我们的人。In addition, I have volunteered to_help_two_exchange_students with their Mandarin learning during the past two years.此外，在过去两年我自愿帮助两名交换生学习普通话。4afford vt.买得起；有能力支付；(有时间)做；承担得起(后果)；
27、提供，给予The price of homes goes up and people from the area cannot afford to buy a house there.房子的价格涨了上去，本地区的人在那儿都买不起房子了。(2)affordable adj. 能承担得起的affordably adv. 负担得起地名师指津 afford意为“买得起，负担得起”时，常与can, could, be able to连用，后接名词、代词或不定式。(1)单句语法填空Even if she can afford to_go (go) to America for a holiday, she
28、 wouldnt go there.Those poor and needy teenagers were excited to find a shop at the corner where they could buy affordably (afford) priced bikes.(2)句型转换Television and the Internet afford many people much pleasure.Television and the Internet afford_much_pleasure_to many people.5survive vi. 死里逃生；大难不死
29、vt. 在之后仍然生存，从中逃生All these things mean that many villages in western Europe are fighting to survive.所有这些都意味着许多西欧的村庄为了生存在艰难地奋斗着。(1)A survive B (by.) A比B活得长()survive sth. (经历意外、战争、疾病等后)幸存，活下来survive on sth. 靠某物继续维持生活(2)survival n. 幸存；残留下来的人(物)survivor n. 幸存者名师指津 survive 表示“幸免于”时，是及物动词，因而不要加多余的介词in，from
30、等。(1)单句语法填空Many of the peasants managed to survive on tiny plots of corn and beans.As far as I know, the old woman survived her husband by ten years.If he couldnt find his way out of the forest, there would be little chance of survival (survive)(2)句型转换After we survived that night，we were confident t
31、hat everything else would be all right.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)Having_survived_that_night,_we were confident that everything else would be all right.6get away from摆脱；离开；逃脱I love cities, but there are times when I need to get out into the countryside and get away from the noise, the dirt and the people.我热爱城市，但
32、是有时我需要走出城市，走近乡村，远离喧嚣、肮脏和人群。get away 走开，逃离；外出度假get away with sth. 做(错事)而未受惩罚；受到从轻发落get over 克服(困难)；从(病或损失等)中恢复过来get through 通过；(工作)完成；接通(电话)get across 被理解；使人了解(1)选用上述短语填空We must get_across the simple fact that drugs are dangerous. This proves that as long as we have a strong will, well be able to get
33、_over any difficulty.In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldnt get_away_from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own.The policeman cant have the thief getting_away_with stealing peoples money.(2)补全句子My father telephoned the police station, but it couldnt get_throug
34、h.我父亲给警察局打电话，但是打不通。重点词汇点拨1attractive adj. 有吸引力的；吸引人的；引人注意的(1)单句语法填空TOKNOW makes complex ideas attractive (attract) and accessible to children.The government is trying to attract industry to the area.Most tourist attractions (attract) in China are littered，the worst of which is this lake.(2)补全句子Her n
35、ew clothes are attracting_a_lot_of_attention (引起了很大关注)2put up修建；建造；举起；架起；张贴；投宿；(为)提供膳宿；提高(价钱)写出下列句中put up的含义The names of the candidates will be put up on the college notice board.张贴He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of putting up at a hotel for the night.投宿Please put up your han
36、d if you have any questions.举起A new supermarket will be put up in this neighborhood next year.建造3写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义Many of us equate (视等同于) “commitment” with such “caring” occupations as teaching and nursing.职业Wangs works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions
37、.建筑A growing number of households have at least one computer. 家庭The floors of all campus buildings are equipped with manual fire alarm systems which include fire alarm pull stations and pipes.手动的CHRONOLOGICA is a fascinating journey through time, from the foundation of Rome to the creation of the In
38、ternet.迷人的典型句式精析It is/has been一段时间since.句型Its_been_six_years_since we last saw each other, you know.你知道，自从我们上次见面到现在已经有六年了。此结构为“It be时间段since.”句型，意为“自从已有多长时间了”。主句中若be为is/has been, since从句用一般过去时；若be为was，则从句用过去完成时。(1)“Itbe一段时间before从句(若before从句时态为一般现在时，主句中be为一般将来时；若before从句时态为一般过去时，主句中be为一般过去时)”表示“多久之后
39、才”。(2)“Itbe时间点when从句(时间状语从句)”表示“做某事是在某时”。(3)“Itbe介词地点或时间点/段that.”是强调句型。名师指津 since引导的从句中的动词如果用非延续性动词，表示“自从多长时间了”；若since引导的从句中的动词为延续性动词，则表示“自从该动作或状态的完成或结束以来已有多长时间了”。(1)单句语法填空He said it was ten years since he had_come (come) here.Its been a month since I came (come) to this new school and I really want
40、 to share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing.You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel that the coach picks up tourists.(2)选词填空(since, before, when, that)It will be another week before we meet again.It was 11：00 oclock when he came back last night.It has been 3 years s
41、ince I published my first book.单词拼写1What he says sounds (听起来) OK and we should follow him.2With the Spring Festival approaching (接近), a good many rural workers began to return home.3We exchanged (交换) addresses and phone numbers at the party held on Sunday.4What the students cant bear, according to t
42、he survey (调查), is their parents high expectations.5Im sorry to bother (打扰) you, but can you direct me to the railway station?6I was helped by an organization. Otherwise, I couldnt have afforded (有能力支付) it.7Overcome with homesickness after separation from her family for months for the first time，the
43、 girl contacted (联系) her mum almost every day recently.8She is living with her stepmother, and they are getting on pretty (相当) well.单句语法填空1Our vacation is approaching (approach), but we still cant decide where to go.2Dont bother to_carry/carrying (carry) the bag for me. I can manage myself.3The prog
44、ram affords the chance to young people to gain work experience.4At the end of the game, players traditionally exchange shirts with each other.5I learnt from the news that a great many volunteers had gone to the disaster area to help those poor people.6With less wheat on the market, wheat prices will
45、 go up.7After putting up their tent, they set out to find wood to make fire.8It was several years since the war had been ended.9This is the first time that I have_met (meet) so strange a kind of car.10Without water, there would_be (be) no life.单句改错1Listen to the music. It sounds beautifully.beautifu
46、llybeautiful2The boat sank quickly but fortunate everyone was rescued.fortunatefortunately3In order to finish the work on time, we cant afford to wasting a minute.wastingwaste4I try not to bother on what other people think.onabout5To everyones surprise, he survived from such a terrible accident.去掉fr
47、om6Students are more or less different in the way which they study.whichthat或去掉which或which前加in7The bus leaves in ten minutes; you must hurry or you wont make one._oneit8I will pay off the money you lent me next week.offback9Up to now, two more shopping centers have put up in our town.have后加been10A n
48、umber of young men is going to be volunteers during the vacation.isare.语段填词1During the journey, they exchanged (exchange) addresses. Since then they have kept in contact with each other.2With the prices of houses going up,_the exhausted young man cant afford to_buy (buy) a new house in the big city.
49、 So hed like to get away from the city.3Although a great many weightloss products are attractive (attract) to people, the expert says few products work and that exercise is the best way to lose weight.4Up to now, the closure of the factory has left hundreds of men unemployed (employ). Fortunately (f
50、ortunate) the government has decided to help train them so that they can find suitable jobs later on. 5Approaching (approach) the abandoned farm, the tourists (tour) saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height, but they didnt know who it was.完成句子1他离开自己的家乡已经有十年了。(since)Its_been_ten_years_since he
51、 left his hometown.2这是我第二次参观故宫了。(This is the second time that.)This_is_the_second_time_that_I_have_visited the Palace Museum.3北京是我去过的最美的城市之一。(one of最高级定语从句)Beijing is one_of_the_most_beautiful_cities_I_have_ever_been_to.4有时候孩子们会调皮。(when引导的定语从句)There_are_times_when children are naughty.5科学研究表明妇女往往比她们
52、的丈夫寿命长。(survive)Scientific research shows that women tend to survive_their_husbands.微写作假如你是中学生李华， 请根据下列要点介绍一下黄山。1自从离开嘈杂的城市已有很长时间；2现在居住的社区离黄山不远；3黄山景点众多，吸引了很多游客；4游客可以在山顶留宿，在山顶可以欣赏迷人的日出；5希望在最方便的时候花时间去黄山。注意：1.请根据以上要点写一篇100词左右的短文；2尽量使用本模块的知识点；3可适当增加细节。My name is Li Hua. It is/ has been a long time since
53、I got away from the noisy city. Fortunately, the neighbourhood where I live is not far from Huangshan Mountain. Therefore I know more about it. Huangshan Mountain affords a great many attractive views, which so far/up to now/till now have attracted a number of tourists. In addition, tourists can put
54、 up at the hotel at the top of the mountain, where you can enjoy the fascinating sunrise.I do hope I can afford time to make it to Huangshan Mountain at my earliest convenience.课文语法填空Xiao Li lives in Xiamen.Now he _1_ (take) John Martin to visit his hometown.John Martin thinks it is one of the most
55、_2_ (attract) places he has been to. The city is lively and its people are very _3_ (friend). Xiao Li says that he feels fortunate _4_ (live) here.The climate in Xiamen is pretty hot and wet in the summer, but it _5_ be quite cold in the winter.There are too many tourists around in the summer，_6_ so
56、metimes can be a nuisance.Many modern buildings _7_ (put) up，and there are some great shopping malls in the business district.As they are approaching the harbour，they see some really pretty parks and Gulangyu Island _8_ the water，which is gorgeous with some really interesting architecture.And now John Martin _9_ (starve), so they decide _10_ (park) their car to have lunch in a nice little fish restaurant.1is_taking2.attractive3.friendly4.living5.can6which7.have_been_put8.across9.is_starving10to_park学习至此，请完成课时作业4
