1、Lesson 2 History Makers一 二 三 四 五 一、从 17 中选出与 ag 中各个历史人物相关的事件a.Sun Yat-sen b.Thomas Edison c.Mother Teresa d.Gandhi e.Elizabeth Blackwell f.Nelson Mandelag.Jane Goodall1.won the Nobel Peace Prize in 19792.fought for the rights of black South Africans3.founded the first republic of China4.helped India
2、 separate from Britain5.has studied animals in the national park of Gombe in Tanzania for nearly forty years6.opened a hospital for poor people in New York City7.invented lights and many other useful things答案:a3;b7;c1;d4;e6;f2;g5一 二 三 四 五 二、请写出下列各句中画线单词的中文意思1.The Russian Revolution took place in 191
3、7.2.They founded the company themselves.3.Most of the countries in the world are republics.4.The opinion is accepted as true.5.Personally,I think he is right.6.Their ages are equal.7.The cat made a struggle to get free.8.They have protested to the government.9.After a rest,they marched on.答案:1.革命 2.
4、建立,创立 3.共和国 4.看法,主张5.就自己而言 6.相等的 7.努力,挣扎 8.抗议 9.前进一 二 三 四 五 三、短语互译1.fight against 2.if possible 3.make a speech e out of prison 5.win the Nobel Peace Prize 6.在我看来 7.数百万 8.为而战;为奋斗 9.有一个梦想;做梦 10.根据作出判断 答案:1.对抗;与作斗争 2.如果可能的话;如有可能 3.发表演讲 4.出狱;释放 5.获诺贝尔和平奖 6.in my opinion 7.millions of 8.fight for 9.have
5、 a dream 10.judge by一 二 三四 五 四、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空1.Do you know when the United Nations (found)?2.They (march)30 miles to reach the mountain village the other day.3.The boss treats every worker (equal),so we all respect him.4.His first victory was to win the equal (right)for blacks to sit on buses.5.He
6、made a famous speech there (begin)with the words:“I have a dream.”答案:1.was founded 2.marched 3.equally 4.rights5.beginning一 二 三四 五 五、选词填空fight for begin with judge.by.be equal to in ones opinion1.One unit of alcohol half a pint(品脱)of beer.2.,he is wrong.3.As we know,a year January.4.They were libera
7、tion and at last they won.5.Dont a book its cover.答案:1.is equal to 2.In my opinion 3.begins with 4.fighting for 5.judge;by1 2 3 4 5 1.In my opinion,Dr Sun Yat-sen is very important.在我看来,孙中山博士非常重要。考点 opinion n.意见,看法,主张高考典句(2014湖北卷,阅读理解 D)In the authors opinion,a tourist can enjoy Huaplee Beach most w
8、hen he forgets his daily routine.在作者看来,当游客忘记了日常工作的时候,他可以尽情享受 Huaplee Beach。He was asked to give his honest opinion.已请他直言不讳地发表意见。We should listen to other peoples opinions of/on/about the matter.在这件事上我们应该听取他人的意见。In my opinion,students should be encouraged to voice their opinions.在我看来,应鼓励学生们发表自己的意见。In
9、 my opinion and in the opinion of most people,it is a very sound investment.照我和大多数人的看法,这是一项很稳妥的投资。1 2 3 4 5 归纳:opinion是可数名词,后面可接介词of,on或about,表示“对的看法”;注意在固定搭配 in ones opinion 及 in the opinion of sb.中,opinion 用的是单数形式。活学活用语法填空(1)my opinion,you shouldnt go there by yourself.翻译句子(2)The boss has a very h
10、igh opinion of her.(3)In the opinion of most people,this is a wise choice.答案:(1)In(2)老板对她评价很高。(3)在大多数人看来,这是一个明智的选择。1 2 3 4 5 2.He led the 1911 revolution and founded the first republic of China.他领导了 1911 年的(辛亥)革命,建立了最初的中华民国。考点 found vt.建立,创立高考典句(2014安徽卷,阅读理解 E)You may not have heard of Ashoka,but fo
11、r the past 27 years,this association,founded by Bill Drayton,has fought poverty and sickness,promoted education and encouraged small businesses.你可能没听说过 Ashoka,但是在过去的 27 年里,这个由比尔德雷顿建立的协会,与贫穷和疾病斗争,促进了教育,鼓励了小型企业。The rich businessman founded a hospital and a school in the town where he was born.那个有钱的商人在
12、他出生的城镇创建了一家医院和一所学校。注意:found 与 find 的过去式及过去分词的形式相同,found 的过去式和过去分词是 founded。1 2 3 4 5(1)常用结构:found sth.on/upon sth.把建立在上This story is founded on/upon fact.这故事是有事实依据的。A good relationship has to be founded on/upon trust.良好的关系必须建立在信任的基础之上。(2)派生词:foundation n.创建,创办;基础 founder n.创建者,创办者,创始人He laid the fou
13、ndations of his success by hard work.他通过努力工作奠定了成功的基础。The foundation on which many industries were built was the use of the richraw materials in the local place.许多行业都是建立在使用当地丰富的原材料的基础上的。He is the founder of the company.他是这个公司的创办人。1 2 3 4 5(3)辨析:build,set up,found 和 put upbuild“建造,建立,建设”,常指建造较大的物体。The
14、y built their homes and made their farms there.他们在那儿建立了家园,办起了农场。在表示建立商店、企业时,也可用 start 和 open。如:start/open afactory(shop,business)开办工厂(商店、公司)。set up“开办,建立”,常和表示组织、机构、团体等意义的名词连用,与 found基本相同,但 found 更着重打基础。set up a school(hospital,state,government,shop,business)建立学校(医院、国家、政府、商店、企业),found a city(state,p
15、arty,university,etc.)兴建城市(建立国家、党派;创办大学等)。put up 着重指建造或搭起一个具有高度的具体的物体,口语中 set up 和build 也有此意。They put up(set up)a new house/tent.他们建了一座新房子/搭起一个新帐篷。1 2 3 4 5 活学活用完成句子(1)中国共产党成立于 1921 年 7 月 1 日。The Chinese Communist Party July 1st,1921.(2)哈佛大学,创办于 1636 年,是美国最古老的大学。Harvard University,is the oldest unive
16、rsity in the United States.用 found 的正确形式填空(3)The shop is still run by the and his two sons.(4)The college by him many years ago.(5)The school has served the community since its in 1835.答案:(1)was founded on(2)founded in 1636(3)founder(4)was founded(5)foundation1 2 3 4 5 3.I agree with you,but persona
17、lly,I think Martin Luther King is also quiteimportant,because he fought against racism and his actions changed Americansociety.我同意你的看法,但我个人认为,马丁路德金也非常重要,因为他反对种族主义,他的行为改变了美国社会。剖析这是 but 连接的并列复合句。but 后的分句是一个复合句,其中 Martin Luther King is also quite important 是省略了 that 的宾语从句;because 引导原因状语从句,它由两个并列分句构成。考点
18、一 personally adv.就自己而言高考典句(2014江西卷,阅读理解 D)With the communication gadgets,such as mobile phones and ipads,people often do not take the effort to visit one another personally.有了这些通信设备,例如手机和平板电脑,人们通常就不用再费力当面互相拜访了。I personally think its too cold to go out now.我个人觉得现在太冷了,不要出去。She doesnt like the plan,but
19、 personally I see nothing wrong with it.她不喜欢这个计划,但我本人觉得它并无不妥。1 2 3 4 5(1)阅读下面的句子,体会 personally 的含义。Wed pay you a visit,as we would like to thank you personally for all yourhelp.我们会去拜访您,因为我们想就您所有的帮助向您当面致谢。含义:当面(地)These days you dont have to do the shopping personally,because you canbuy almost anythin
20、g by mail order.如今你无须亲自购物,因为你几乎可以通过邮件订单买到任何东西。含义:亲自(地)(2)常用结构:personally speaking 就个人而言Personally speaking,Im in favour of the plan.就个人而言,我赞成这个计划。1 2 3 4 5 考点二 fight against 与作斗争,反对高考典句(2014江苏卷,阅读理解 D)She fought against her American identity.她反对她的美国身份。Ive been fighting against my bad habits.我一直在和我的坏
21、习惯作斗争。We will have to fight against difficulties.我们将不得不同困难作斗争。阅读下面的句子,体会 fight 的短语及含义。(1)Martin Luther King called on the black to fight for their rights.马丁路德金号召黑人为他们的权利而斗争。短语:fight for 含义:为而斗争;争取(2)Try to stop the children from fighting with each other.快把打架的孩子拉开。短语:fight with 含义:与打架/作斗争,与并肩战斗1 2 3
22、4 5 活学活用语法填空(1)You may not agree,but (personal)I think its a good suggestion.(2)The doctors are fighting diseases.单句改错(3)Mother Teresa is a great woman who has spent her life fighting for poverty(贫困).(4)Lily fought with Mary for Anne in the game.答案:(1)personally(2)against(3)foragainst(4)foragainst1
23、2 3 4 5 4.King didnt want to because he believed black and white people shouldenjoy equal rights.金不想(让座),因为他认为黑人和白人应该享有平等的权利。剖析 because 引导原因状语从句,其中 black and white people should enjoy equal rights 是省略 that 的宾语从句,作 believed 的宾语。考点 equal adj.平等的高考典句(2014山东卷,阅读理解 C)If the constitution said that all peo
24、ple were free and equal,then she thought it should apply to her.如果宪法说所有人都是自由、平等的,那么她觉得也应该适用于她。All men are equal in the eye of law.法律面前,人人平等。Men and women have equal rights in China.在中国,男女享有平等的权利。1 2 3 4 5 常用搭配:be equal to 等同于;胜任be equal in 在某方面相同Twenty-five added to ten is equal to thirty-five.10 加
25、25 等于 35。After a month of training,he is equal to the work now.经过一个月的训练后,他现在能胜任这项工作了。So far,they have not been equal to dealing with the crisis.到目前为止,他们没能成功应对这场危机。All men are not equal in ability.人的能力并非一样。Mary is quite equal to Bill in brains.玛丽和比尔的智力不相上下。1 2 3 4 5 活学活用语法填空(1)Im sure hes equal the j
26、ob.(2)In our class,no one can equal him maths.(3)The island is (equal)attractive in spring and autumn because of the pleasant weather in both seasons.翻译句子(4)Im quite equal to taking care of myself.(5)An hour is equal to sixty minutes.答案:(1)to(2)in(3)equally(4)我可以很好地照顾自己。(5)一小时等于 60 分钟。1 2 3 4 5 5.st
27、ruggle n.&v.斗争;奋斗高考典句(2014陕西卷,阅读理解 C)Why do Americans struggle with watching their weight,while the French,who consume rich food,continue to stay thin?为什么美国人努力关注自己的体重,而法国人食用油腻的食物,却能继续保持苗条?The old man has been struggling with illness.这位老人一直与病魔作斗争。She struggled to keep back the tears.她努力忍住泪水。It is onl
28、y a hobby,not a life-or-death struggle.这只是一项爱好,不需要拼死拼活地努力。1 2 3 4 5 struggle to do sth.艰难地做某事;挣扎着做某事struggle for 为而斗争/奋斗struggle with/against.与作斗争;同搏斗struggle to ones feet 挣扎着站起来The girl struggled to learn Japanese.这个女孩努力学习日语。Millions of people are struggling for survival.数百万人都在为生存而挣扎。The two boys s
29、truggled with each other.这两个男孩互相搏斗。We must unite with them and at the same time struggle against them.我们必须在团结他们的同时同他们斗争。Tom struggled to his feet and went on.汤姆挣扎着站起来继续前进。1 2 3 4 5 活学活用语法填空(1)He struggled money hunger.(2)The old man has to struggle all kinds of difficulties.(3)They were poor and had to struggle a living.(4)The old lady struggled the thief.答案:(1)for;against(2)against(3)for(4)with/against