1、.阅读理解Is early childhood education really necessary? Early childhood education primarily focuses on learning through playing to develop the childs physical, sensory, communicational and social development. Early childhood education has become a concern of the government, who pushes poor children to b
2、e formally trained before they are old enough for kindergarten.There are good reasons for the government to push early childhood education. Studies have shown that orphaned children who did not receive good care and education become developmentally delayed causing failure in school, and even in life
3、. Further studies show that poor children who take part in Head Start programs are more prepared for school, less likely to end up in Special Education classes, and are less likely to receive public help or go to prison.There are also negative parts putting a child in formal education programs too e
4、arly. Time magazine online explains that “the younger the child the less his chances of catching up with firstgrade work.” I have personally witnessed many children of my generation who went to Head Start programs become frustrated and bored with school before they finished high school. Yet parents
5、have been sure that the earlier the child starts school, the better off he or she is, so they push to start children earlier.Actually while early formal education of poor children does show great gains in the early elementary years, studies also show that this head start is really a “false start”， a
6、s the gains are lost in middle and high school years. It seems that environment is a bigger factor on lifes success than early education. Head Start programs have not achieved its original goal in closing the achievement gap in poor and middle school children. Perhaps it is time to find other ways t
7、o close that gap.1The purpose of the government valuing the early childhood education is _.Ato develop the childrens communicationBto give orphaned children good care and educationCto get the children prepared for the kindergartenDto train the children formally and regularly答案：C解析：细节理解题。由第一段最后一句可知答案
8、。2“the younger the child the less his chances of catching up with firstgrade work.” suggests that _.Athe early childhood education is helpless to the childs gradeBit is good for the young children to receive early educationCthe early education can help the children follow the gradeDthe younger the c
9、hildren are, the cleverer they will be答案：A解析：句意猜测题。句意：时代周刊在线针对早教解释“(接受早教的)年龄越小，将来一年级时跟上功课的概率就越小”，故选A，即早教无助于孩子的学校学习。3The authors attitude towards the early childhood education is _.Apuzzling Bnegative Cindifferent Dproving答案：B解析：观点态度题。由全文可知早教虽然有一些好处，但早教并不能帮助孩子将来的学习，甚至使其产生厌烦心理，作者最后也建议另寻其他途径来解决不同阶层儿童的差
10、距，故可知其态度是反对的。4The main idea of the passage is that _.Athe early childhood education is very necessaryBHead Start programs have helped the children a lotCenvironment is the most important factor to lifes successDbetter ways should be found to help the poor children答案：D解析：主旨大意题。全文通过重点讲述早教带来的弊端，来建议寻找其他
11、帮助缩小贫困儿童与其他同龄人差距的方法。.概要写作In places like California, the Rocky Mountains, and the Southern United States, wildfires are an unavoidable reality.Wildfires can cause damage to property and human life, but they have many beneficial effects on native vegetation (植被), animals, and ecosystems that have evol
12、ved with fires.The forests, including pine barrens, lodgepole pine forests and many more, require fires to reproduce because the trees in the forest are adapted to only produce seeds following a major fire event.Therefore, without them many of these forest types would decline.A fire renews the water
13、shed (集水区) in ways including, but not limited to, recycling of nutrients, increasing food sources for fish in streams，supplement to streamside vegetation，spread of fireadapted plants，etc.not to mention renewal of the soil chemistry which is vital to the forest and the watershed.The basis is that of
14、someone who has studied wildfires and streams since the 1988 Yellowstone wildfires.The science backs up how natural wildfires can be favorable through research publication after publication.Its like“resetting the clock”on the ecosystem，allowing the forest to function smoothly all over again for anot
15、her 200 years.By the way, a stand burning fire such as the Yellowstone fires of 1988 also results in the landscape of younger forest mends which act to reduce the spread of future wildfires and can stop a major wildfire in its tracks.The bottom line is that we may need todays natural wildfires to pr
16、event more serious catastrophic fire events in the future.That lesson was learned in Yellowstone in 1988 which was a year of disastrous largescale fires after more than 50 years of fire suppression (压制)Despite_the_damage_to_human_property_and_life,_unavoidable_wildfires_bring_various_benefits.(要点1)F
17、irstly,_they_contribute to_the_diversity_of_forest_types.(要点2)Secondly,_the_watershed_gets refreshed_after_a_fire_in_many_aspects.(要点3)_Meanwhile, smooth_function_of_the_ecosystem_benefits_from_wildfires_by_means_of_decreasing_and_stopping_future_wildfires.(要点4_)To_avoid catastrophic_fires,_natural_wildfires_are_necessary_because_strict_control_over_wildfires_may_work_destructively.(要点5)