1、Unit 5Nelson Mandelaa modern hero基础盘点自测自评阅读单词快速排查本单元阅读词汇并在不认识的词汇前划mean adj.generous adj.easygoing adj.selfless adj.republic nprinciple nmankind nlawyer nlegal adj.fee nquote n release vt.terror n.核心单词1.stage n舞台；阶段；时期2.willing adj.乐意的；自愿的3.reward n报酬；奖金vt.酬劳；奖赏4.opinion n意见；看法；主张5.quality n质量；品质；性质6
2、.warmhearted adj.热心肠的7.found vt. 建立；建设8.youth n青年；青年时期9.vote vt.& vi.投票；选举n投票；选票；表决10.attack vt.进攻；攻击；抨击11.escape vi.& vt.逃脱；逃走；避开；泄露12.relative n亲戚；亲属13.sentence vt.判决；宣判；判处14.president n总统；会长；校长；行长拓展单词1.active adj.积极的；活跃的actively adv.积极地；活跃地activity n活动2.self n自我；自身selfish adj.自私的selfless adj.无私的；
3、忘我的selflessly adv.无私地；忘我地3.devote vt.献身；专心于devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的devotion n献身；奉献；忠诚4.peaceful adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的peace n和平5.lawyer n律师law n法律6.guidance n指导；领导guide vt.引路；指导(拓展速记1)7.legal adj.法律的；依照法律的legally adv.法律上；合法地8.hopeful adj.怀有希望的；有希望的hope n希望hopeless adj.不抱希望的；绝望的9.violence n暴力；暴行violent adj.暴力的；粗
4、暴的10.equal adj.相等的；平等的equally adv.相等地；平等地equality n同等；平等11.unfair adj.不公正的；不公平的fair adj.公正的；公平的12.educate vt.教育；训练educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的educator n教育工作者education n教育13.beg vi.请求；乞求beggar n乞丐14.cruelty n残忍；残酷cruel adj.残忍的语境活用用所给词的适当形式填空1.The growth of violent (violence) crime is a very real problem.2
5、.Hopefully (hope), well arrive before dark.3.She is determined to carry on with her education (educate).4.The idea is for people not to be selfish (self) by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.5.Everyone likes to live in peace, but it seems that the world is always not peaceful. (peace)
6、6.The old teacher devoted all his life to educating his devoted students and he was admired for his devotion to his education cause. (devote)7.All men are born equal, so everyone hopes to be treated equally because equality is the basic demand. (equal)8.We know from the daily legal report that the f
7、ormer president had something to do with the illegal organization and was put to prison. (legal)走进高考escape熟义：vi.& vt.逃脱；逃走；避开；泄露生义：vt.被忽视；被忘掉Her name escaped me all of a sudden.1.out of work失业(拓展速记2，3)2.as a matter of fact事实上3.blow up使充气；爆炸4.in trouble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中5.lose heart丧失勇气或信心e to power当权
8、；上台7.set up设立；建立8.in ones opinion在某人看来 语境活用用左栏短语的适当形式填空1.He was put into prison because he blew up some government buildings in South Africa.2.As a matter of fact, the news that he told me yesterday is true.3.If you are in trouble, Mike is always willing to lend a hand.4.As he was often out of work
9、he could not support his family.5.For all these years I have been working for others. Im hoping Ill set up my own business someday.6.No matter what difficulties may come on our way, we must never lose heart.7.A new political party has come to power.1.stage表示抽象的地点时，常接where引导的定语从句原句.until today we hav
10、e reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。仿写我们到了这样一个阶段：必须采取有效措施来保护环境。We have reached a stage where effective measures should be taken to protect the environment.2.only 介词短语/状语(从句)引导的倒装句原句.only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.直到那时，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力
11、。仿写只有当他们失去自由时，他们才懂得它的价值。Only when they have lost freedom can they know the value of it.3.the first time意为“第一次”，引导时间状语从句原句I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我感觉很糟。仿写我第一次在会议厅演讲时非常紧张。I was very nervous the first time I gave a speech in the meeting hall.1.以“ance”， “ence”结尾的名词appea
12、rance出现；外貌guidance指引；引导performance表演；节目existence存在；生存preference偏爱reference参考；查阅2.“out of名词”短语大全(一)out of action损坏；发生故障out of breath上气不接下气out of character不相称；不恰当out of condition身体不好；情况欠佳out of control失去控制out of danger脱离危险out of date过时的out of debt不欠债3.“out of名词”短语大全(二)out of favour失宠；不受欢迎out of hand失去
13、控制；脱手out of luck运气不好；不凑巧out of mind心不在焉out of order次序紊乱out of patience不耐烦的out of place在不适当的位置考点串讲重点突破1devote vt.献身于；致力于；专心致志于；把用于|对接高考|单句语法填空 (2018年江苏卷阅读理解)The Cloisters museum and gardens is a branch of The Metropolitan Museum of Art devoted (devote) to the art and architecture of Europe in the Mid
14、dle Ages.(2016年北京卷阅读理解)Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping (help) others rebuild.(2015年安徽卷阅读理解)Behaving in this selfless and devoted (devote) manner, these little creatures have survived on Earth for more than 140 million years, far longer than dinosaurs.Everybody sang high praise for her
15、devotion (devote) to the cause of education.|考点归纳|(1)devote.to.把奉献于devote oneself to献身于；致力于(2)devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的be devoted to (doing) sth.专心于(做)某事；奉献于(做)某事(3)devotion n关爱；关照；奉献；忠诚|能力提升|句型转换She devoted herself to practicing for ten years and became one of the worlds best longdistance swimmers.Devoti
16、ng herself to practicing for ten years, she became one of the worlds best longdistance swimmers. (现在分词短语作原因状语)Devoted to practicing for ten years, she became one of the worlds best longdistance swimmers. (过去分词短语作原因状语)2equal adj.相同的；相等的；平等的；相当的；能胜任的n同等的人；相等物v与相等；等于；比得上；抵得过|对接高考|单句语法填空 (2016年北京卷阅读理解)L
17、earning to deal with the social world is equally (equal) important.For another, be positive and cheerful, for your mental health is equal to your physical health.I dont think he is equal to doing (do) this kind of work, so I cant hire him.|考点归纳|(1)be equal to sth./doing sth.等于/胜任某物/做某事be equal in.在方
18、面比得上(2)A equal B in.A在方面比得上B/与B相匹敌(3)without equal/have no equal无与伦比(4)equality n平等equally adv.相等地；同等地；均等地|名师点睛|表示“胜任”的其他常见表达还有：be qualified for；be qualified to do；be up to；be fit for。|能力提升|一句多译我能胜任这份工作，所以我写信申请。I am equal to this job, so I am writing to apply for it. (equal)I am qualified for this j
19、ob, so I am writing to apply for it. (qualified)I am qualified to do this job, so I am writing to apply for it. (qualified)3escape v逃脱；逃走；逃避；被遗忘；(气体、液体等)泄漏n逃脱；逃避；解脱；漏出|对接高考|单句语法填空/单句改错 (湖北卷书面表达)Compared with the escaped (escape)driver, I am proud of what I did.The cinema allowed people to escape fro
20、m the depressing realities of their lives.It is said that he narrowly escaped being killed (kill) in the traffic accident the other day.Only with the greatest piece of luck did she manage to escape the rising flood water.escape后加from|考点归纳|(1)escape from.从逃脱；逃避escape doing sth.避免做某事escape punishment/
21、death逃脱惩罚/死里逃生sth. escape(s) sb.某物被某人遗忘；未被注意(2)a narrow escape九死一生make ones escape逃跑 |能力提升|句型转换Whoever breaks the law will never escape punishment.Whoever breaks the law will never escape being punished4reward vt.酬谢；奖励；奖赏n奖金；回报；报酬|对接高考|单句语法填空 (2018年北京卷书面表达)Last week, we took the foreign students in
22、our school to experience the authentic tea culture, which turned out be to extremely rewarding (reward)She started singing to the baby and was rewarded with a smile.Id like to do something as a reward for her kindness.|考点归纳|(1)as a reward (for.) 作为(对的)报酬/奖赏in reward for.为酬谢；作为(对的)奖励(2)reward sb. for
23、 sth.因某事而奖赏某人reward sb. with sth.用某物/某事回报某人(3)rewarding adj.值得的；有益的；有意义的|能力提升|句型转换Im more than willing to show you around Beijing in reward for your generous help. Im more than willing to show you around Beijing as a reward for your generous help5in trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中；有麻烦|对接高考|单句语法填空/单句改错(201
24、7年天津卷阅读理解)Suppose youre in a rush, feeling tired, not paying attention to your screen, and you send an email that could get you in trouble.Whenever we have trouble with our studies, our teachers always help us patiently.Thanks for the trouble you have taken to help (help)me.We are taking a lot of tr
25、ouble to finding the right person for the right position. findingfind|考点归纳|get into trouble陷入困境；惹麻烦get sb. into trouble使某人陷入困境get sb. out of trouble使某人摆脱困境have trouble in doing sth./with sth.做某事有困难/麻烦take the trouble to do sth.不辞劳苦地做某事|能力提升|句型转换Please dont hesitate to turn to us for help no matter w
26、hen you have trouble with your study.Please dont hesitate to turn to us for help no matter when you have trouble in studying.6turn to 转身；求助于；致力于；翻到；转向|对接高考|单句语法填空 (陕西卷阅读理解)As more and more advertisers turn to spam (垃圾邮件) to sell their products, individual(个人的) email boxes are often flooded with spam
27、 emails.(安徽卷书面表达)However, when it is something beyond my competence, I turn to my classmates or teachers for help.|考点归纳|turn down调低；拒绝turn off关掉；解雇turn on打开；视而定turn out.结果是turn away走开；转过脸去；把打发走turn in进入；交出；上床睡觉turn over打翻；移交；反复考虑turn up 出现；露面；调大|能力提升|介、副词填空This morning, my grandmother turned on the
28、radio to listen to the news as usual. She felt she could not hear clearly. So she turned it up. But it was no use.She had to turn to my father for help. I saw my father turned off the radio and turned it over to see what was wrong. It turned out that the button did not work any more. My father repai
29、red it and told my grandmother to turn down the radio, for the neighbors little baby was asleep at the time.7“only状语(从句)”引起的倒装(教材佳句).only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.直到那时，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。|对接高考|补全句子(2016年全国卷阅读理解)Only after a year of friendly discussion did he say yes (他才同意)(福建卷书面
30、表达)Only in this way can we live (我们能生活) in more comfortable and beautiful surroundings.(福建卷书面表达)Only in this way can they grow up (他们能成长为)to be independent and become truly successful.|考点归纳|(1)“only状语(副词/介词短语/状语从句)”置于句首，主句要用部分倒装形式，即把主句中的助动词、情态动词或be动词提到主语前面。(2)only修饰的名词或代词(作主语)位于句首时句子不倒装。8the first t
31、ime 引导时间状语从句(教材佳句)I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我感觉很糟。|对接高考|补全句子 Next time you come to Beijing (下次你来北京时), please bring your art works.The first time I interviewed him (我第一次采访他时)，he looked a bit nervous.|考点归纳|(1)the first time用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次”。(2)下面词语可引导时间状语从句：由time构成的
32、名词词组：each time，the first/last time，next time，any time等the瞬间名词：the minute，the instant，the second，the moment等，意为“一就”the时间名词：the day/week/year/spring/summer/autumn/winter等Part 1Part 2We have reached a stage where we must take effective measures to protect the environment from going from bad to worse. N
33、ow, whoever does harm to our environment wont escape being punished. And the past few months have witnessed changes in the environment. The air quality, as is shown in the report, has improved gradually.When out of work, I didnt know whom to turn to at first. Then I thought of my teacher and went to
34、 ask him for advice. I remember in my schooldays，when I was in trouble, he always encouraged me not to lose heart and to be hopeful about the future. He devoted his whole life to education and was highly thought of. I owe my success to my teachers encouragement！随堂检测基础过关.单句语法填空1Most children long for
35、 and need a loving, devoted (devote) and responsible father.2I still remember what you have devoted to improving(improve) my oral English and English writing.3No one equals him in courage, about which everyone knows.4They rewarded the boy with 5 for bringing back the lost dog.5Travelling along the o
36、ld Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding (reward) experience.6The man should be condemned for his cruelty to his wife.7Although he made a serious mistake in his work, he was lucky to escape being fired (fire) by his boss.8But being the parent of a motorhead is itself an experience in education (
37、educate)9Waterhouse, one of the poorest communities in Jamaica, is a really violent (violence) and overpopulated place.10Only after she became known in America did she begin (begin) to travel all over the country.单句改错1Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be equal respected._答案：e
38、qualequally2He had narrow escape last year._答案：narrow前加a3Please dont hesitate to turn to us for help whenever you have trouble in your study._答案：inwith4They rushed out at the moment they heard the shout for help._答案：去掉at5The film is going to be shown in New York City the first time._答案：the 前加for话题拓展
39、素养升华.课文里的高考根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Elias, 1.a poor black worker in South Africa, said that the time 2.when he first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of his life. In 1952，he went to see Mandela, a black lawyer，for advice.Mandela was generous with his time，for 3.which Elias was v
40、ery grateful.Elias began school at six，but he had to leave school two years later because his family couldnt afford the school fees and the bus fare. As a result，he had very little 4.education (educate). After 5.trying (try) hard, he got a job in a gold mine. However，to live in Johannesburg，one had
41、got to have a passbook. Not having one because he was not born there，he worried about 6.whether he would become out of work.Then Mandela helped him，7.telling (tell) him how to get the correct papers to stay in Johannesburg. He became more hopeful about his future and later joined the ANC Youth Leagu
42、e 8.organized (organize) by Mandela. Just as Mandela put it，the blacks were so 9.badly (bad) treated that they had reached a stage where they had almost no rights at all.In 1963，he helped Mandela blow up some government buildings. He knew that only 10.by answering violence with violence could they a
43、chieve their dream of making black and white people equal.话题中的写作根据提示，利用本单元所学知识，完成下面的小作文。1众所周知，不同肤色的人应该是平等的。南非前总统纳尔逊曼德拉毕生都在致力于实现这个梦想。(equal，devote.to)2.1944年，他成立了非国大青年联盟，号召人们为了他们竞选的权利而斗争。(found, vote)31952年，他开了一家律师事务所为贫穷的黑人提供法律指导，黑人们对此都非常感激。(set up，guidance，grateful)41962年，曼德拉鼓励人们使用暴力来反抗反黑人法来获得自己的权利，
44、因此被判处五年的劳役。(antiblack laws, be sentenced to)51963年，他和一些黑人去炸当地的政府大楼以实现他们黑人与白人平等的梦想，他被判入狱直到1990年才被释放。(blow up)_One possible version：What is known to us all is that people with different colors should be equal. Former President of South Africa Nelson Mandela devoted all his life to realizing this dream
45、.In 1944, he founded the ANC Youth League to call on people to struggle for their rights to vote. In 1952, he set up a law office to offer guidance to poor black people, for which they were very grateful. In 1962, Mandela encouraged people to use violence against antiblack laws to get their rights. As a result, he was sentenced to 5 years hard labor. A year later, he and some black people blew up the government buildings to realize their dream of making black and white people equal. He was sentenced to prison and until 1990 he was released from prison.
