1、Section Grammar & Writing复习名词性从句阅读下列句子并体会黑体部分的用法1Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows.2However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.3That is why today over 40% of Californians speak S
2、panish as a first or second language.一、名词性从句的定义、分类及连接词1定义在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。2分类根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分为主语从句(Subject Clause)、宾语从句(Object Clause)、表语从句(Predictive Clause)和同位语从句(Appositive Clause)。3连接词引导名词性从句的关联词有三个连词、五个连接代词、四个连接副词。连接词词形词义在从句中所作的成分连词thatif/whether是否连接代词who(ever)(无论)谁(主格)主语、
3、表语、宾语whom(ever)(无论)谁(宾格)表语、宾语whose(ever)(无论)谁的(所有格)定语what(ever)(无论)什么主语、宾语、表语、定语which(ever)(无论)哪个主语、宾语、定语连接副词when(ever)(无论)什么时候状语where(ever)(无论)在哪里状语how(ever)(无论)怎样，怎么状语why为什么状语二、主语从句主语从句是指在句中作主语的从句，位置与陈述句的主语相同。That you will win the medal seems unlikely.你想获得奖牌看起来是不可能的。名师点津(1)that引导主语从句，在从句中不充当任何成分，仅
4、起连接作用，但不可省略。(2)whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句尾，但if引导的主语从句只能放在句尾，前面需要用it作形式主语。(3)若主语部分结构较长，可以使用形式主语it，把真正的主语从句放于后面。It is a fact that smoking is a danger to health.吸烟危害健康，这是事实。It is necessary that people should learn to face the reality.人们应该学会面对现实是有必要的。Whether the work can be completed on time is doubtful.
5、It is doubtful whether/if the work can be completed on time.这项工作能否按时完成还不确定。三、宾语从句在主从复合句中作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句在句中可以作及物动词、介词或一些形容词的宾语。Everyone knows that the earth is made up of matter.每个人都知道地球是由物质构成的。 I doubt whether he will be elected as chairman.我不知道他是否会当选为主席。名师点津(1)that引导宾语从句，既无语法功能，也无词汇意义，常被省略。但多个并列从句
6、出现时，第一个that可以省略，其他的不能省略。(2)if和whether引导宾语从句的区别：在动词不定式之前只能用 whether。在whether.or not 的固定搭配中，只用 whether。在介词后，只能用whether。作 discuss 的宾语时，只能用 whether。宾语从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用 whether。(3)带复合宾语(宾语宾语补足语)的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后面，而用it作形式宾语。(4)表示喜欢、憎恶等心理活动的动词后习惯上先加个形式宾语it，再接宾语从句。例如：hate，dislike，love，dont mind，feel like
7、，appreciate，rely on，count on，see to等。She said(that)she would come here and that I should wait for her till Monday.她说她将会来这儿并让我等到星期一。Everything depends on whether you are for it.每件事情都取决于你是否赞成它。We think it possible that you can finish the work today.我们认为你今天能够完成这项工作。四、表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语，出现在连系动词之后，一般结构为“主语
8、连系动词表语从句”。可接表语从句的连系动词有be，look，remain，seem等。The question is whether we can finish the work in time.问题在于我们是否能及时完成这项工作。The fact remains that we are still not advanced enough.事实依然是我们还是不够先进。名师点津(1)that在引导表语从句时无词义，在从句中不充当任何成分，仅起连接作用，不可以省略。(2)whether可引导表语从句，但if却通常不用于引导表语从句。(3)引导表语从句的引导词还可用because，as if，as
9、though，as。His first question was whether Tom had arrived yet.他的首要问题是汤姆是否已经到达。It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.听起来好像有人在敲门。.单句语法填空1 we will have a picnic depends on the weather.2The problem is we can get to replace her.3Pick yourself up.Courage is doing youre afraid to do.4Upon graduati
10、on he asked to be sent to he was most needed.5I think it necessary we take plenty of hot water every day.【答案】1.Whether2.who3.what4.where 5that.完成句子1我们都知道谁将来作报告。 is known to us all.2问题是我们是否能及时完成这项工作。The question is 3她说她将于下周归还那本书。She said 4你能向我解释一下你昨天为什么没有来上学吗？Can you explain to me 5他们获奖的事实令我们高兴。The f
11、act made us happy.【答案】1.Who will come to give the talk2whether we can finish the work in time3.(that) she would return that book next week4.why you didnt come to school yesterday5.that they won the prize介绍某一地点的说明文1概念：描写或介绍某一地方的文章是说明文常见的形式之一，也是近几年高考书面表达命题的主要形式之一。2内容安排：对一个地点的描述首先对其进行总体简介，然后对其从以下几个方面展开
12、描述。所处的位置，占据的面积，周边环境，交通状况，人口，历史，含有何种名胜古迹，以及本地所独具的特色等。最后，针对以上描述，结合写作要求进行结尾。3语言特征：地点介绍的文章容易写得呆板单调，让人读起来感到乏味，可适当地运用描写，增加文章的文采，使所写内容打动读者，达到最佳的表达效果。亮点句式1Located in.，.is a city with a history of.2. .has a population of.3.is a city with a population of.4Its like spring all the year round.5The average temper
13、ature ranges between 23 and 39.6The places around.are rich in natural/travelling resources.7The city, known as.，attracts millions of visitors from all over the world.8The climate differs sharply from one area to another.写作任务根据下面提示写一篇80词左右的说明文，向Mr.Smith介绍适合他租用的一处房子。(1)位于市中心商业区，交通便利，环境优美；(2)面积80平方米，宽敞
14、明亮；(3)房间天然气、暖气、家具、空调等必备设施齐全；(4)房租价格合理，每月仅1 000元。其房子位置和户型如图所示： 审题谋篇体裁说明文话题地点介绍时态一般现在时人称第三人称遣词造句.词汇1坐落在 2六层的楼房 3方便 4装备 5便宜 【答案】1.lie in/be located in2.a sixstorey building3.convenient4.be equipped with 5a real bargain.句式1The house is on the fifth floor of a sixstorey building.It is located in the cros
15、sroads made by the Garden Avenue and the Peace Avenue.They are two busiest streets in our city.(用定语从句和同位语合并句子)The house is on the fifth floor of a sixstorey building，which is located in the crossroads made by the Garden Avenue and the Peace Avenue，two busiest streets in our city.2A supermarket，a hos
16、pital and a bus stop lie around it.(改写成倒装句)Around it lie a supermarket，a hospital and a bus stop.妙笔成篇 【参考范文】The house is on the fifth floor of a sixstorey building which is located in the crossroads made by the Garden Avenue and the Peace Avenue, two busiest streets in our city.Around it lie a super
17、market, a hospital and a bus stop，so it is convenient for you to do shopping, see a doctor or travel.Whats more，the house covers an area of 80 m2 and contains one living room, two bedrooms, one kitchen and one toilet.Besides, it is equipped with all the households and living facilities such as natural gas, heating system, furniture, air conditioners and so on.The rent is no more than 1，000 yuan per month，which is a real bargain.
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