1、2021届高考英语高频阅读词组+练习（四十二）一：词组梳理1 比次等 be inferior to 比高等 be senior to 比低 be junior to2 坚持做某事 insist on doing sth3 坚决要求做 insist that+句子（用should+V）4 坚持.观点 insist that+句子（事实情况）5 打算做某事 plan to do=mean to do= intend to do6 对.感兴趣 take/show interest in=be interested in7 参军 join the army 成为一员 join sb 积极参加 join
2、 in=take part in8 和某人开玩笑 play a joke on sb 嘲笑某人 laugh at sb=make fun of sb9 靠左行驶 keep to the left10 阻止某人做某事keep sb from doing sth=prevent sb (from)doing sth=stop sb (from)doing sth11 与.保持一致 keep up with 赶上 catch up with 勿踏草坪 keep off the grass12 拆毁 knock sth down=pull sth down 撞倒某人 knock sb down13 认
3、识某人 know sb 了解某人 know about/of sb14 一门关于.的知识 a knowledge of English15 .缺少 lack sth=be lacking in sth=be short of sth 由于缺乏 for lack of=be in absence of16 持续 last for=run for=continue for=last17 开会迟到 be late for meeting 晚做作业 be late with hoework18 晚些到arrive late lately=recently(句子用现在完成时) later on稍后19
4、同一类的 of a kind20 lie 位于/躺laylain lay 放置，孵蛋laidlaid21 通向，导致 lead to=result in22 从错误中吸取教训 learn from ones mistake 给某人一个教训teach sb. a lesson23 请假 ask for leave 让某人独自呆着 leave sb. alone24 抽出空闲时间 spare ones leisure/free time25 想要做feel like doing=would like to do sth26 agree with同意 (食物、天气等)对适宜27 as sb. put
5、s it正如某人所说的28 believe it or not信不信由你29 break down出故障 消除 (使)分解30 break up(婚姻、组织等)破裂 散开31 bring down降低，减少 使垮台，使下台32 bring up养育 提出33 build up构成 发展 建立 增进，增强34 call on呼吁，号召 短暂拜访35 carry on继续36 come across偶然碰到 被理解37 come along跟随，跟着来38 cut down砍倒 减少，缩减二：习题训练（A）How to Grow Organic Potatoes in ContainersA ho
6、megrown potato that has just been dug out of the soil is an amazing treat. Like tomatoes, the taste of fresh potatoes is different from that of those bought in the store. By growing your own，you also have the opportunity to plant unusual varieties._1._Prepare potatoes for growing.Cut the potatoes be
7、fore planting. If your potatoes are small, you can simply plant them.When you cut your potatoes, make sure you have at least two eyes on each piece._2._. Most of us have no idea how heavy 50 grams is and theres no need to weigh it，just use your best guess.Water your newly planted potatoes well.Check
8、 the container at least once a day._3._. If it feels dry, its time to water. If its very hot or windy, you may have to water your potato container gardens more than once a day. Make sure to water deeply by waiting until water runs out the bottom.Hill your potatoes as they grow._4._， you need to hill
9、 them in case they will break. This is done by adding a couple of inches of soil around your potato plants. Be careful not to break；the plants in the process. Repeat the hilling process a few more times as your plants grow.You can also stop once the soil reaches the top of your container._5._.After
10、the plants have flowered, you can dig out your potatoes to eat. You can pull out a few potatoes at a time.You can also wait until the plants turn yellow and then harvest all of the potatoes at once.AIf your potato plants are too shortBHarvest your homegrown potatoesCWater your potatoes whenever the
11、soil is dryDStick your finger at least an inch into the soilEBelow are some tips for growing your own potatoesFOnce your potato plants have grown about six inchesGIts also recommended that each weighs at least 50 grams（B）In much of Asia,especially the so-calledrice bowl cultures of China,Japan,Korea
12、, 1 Vietnam,food is usually eaten with chopsticks.Chopsticks are usually two long,thin pieces of wood or bamboo.They can also be made of plastic,animal bone or metal.Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic.Truly elegant chopsticks might 2 (make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.Skilled work
13、ers also combine various hardwoods and metal 3 (create)special designs.The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years.People probably cooked their food in large pots, 4 (use)twigs(树枝)to remove it.Over time, 5 thepopulation grew,people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook m
14、ore quickly.Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 6 (gradual)turned into chopsticks.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 7 lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.,influenced the 8 (develop)of chopsticks.Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings
15、 and 9 (be)too violent for use at the table.Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India,for example,most people traditionally eat 10 their hands.答案及解析A本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在家种马铃薯的方法，包括选种、浇水、培土和收获。1解析：根据该空所在的位置可知，该空为承上启下的句子；由空处下文可知，下文介绍的是在家里种植马铃薯的方法，故E项符合语境。2解析：根据空后一句可知，我们大部分人都不知道50克有多重，也不需要去称重。据此可推
16、知，空处应是关于每块马铃薯的重量，故G项符合语境。据此可推知，空处应是关于每块马铃薯的重量，故G项符合语境。G项中的“50 grams”也是提示。3解析：根据空后一句“If it feels dry，its time to water”可知，如果它摸起来干，就该是浇水的时候了。据此可推知，空处应是介绍感知土壤干湿的方法，故D项符合语境。4解析：根据该句中的“you need to hill them in case they will break”可知，培土是为了防止其断掉。据此可推知，空处应是介绍培土的时机，故F项符合语境，衔接下文。5解析：根据空处所在的位置可知，空处为该段的主题句；结合空
17、处下文内容可知，该段主要介绍了收获马铃薯的时间，故B项符合语境。 B1and考查并列连词。这里列举了一些亚洲的国家，它们是并列关系，故填and。2be made考查固定词组。精美的筷子可能是由刻有汉字的金或银制成的。sth. be made of某物由制成，情态动词后跟动词原形，故填be made。3to create考查不定式作目的状语。技术娴熟的工人会把各种各样的硬质木材和金属结合起来，以创造出特殊风格的筷子。这里用不定式表目的，故填to create。44using考查现在分词作伴随状语。人们可能使用大锅煮食物，用树枝搅拌食物，use的逻辑主语是people，两者是主动关系，用现在分词表
18、示伴随状况，故填using。5as/when考查时间状语从句。句意：随着人口的增长，人们开始把食物切成小块，这样可以煮得快一点，这里是时间状语从句，when意为当时候，故填aswhen。6.gradually考查副词。副词修饰动词或形容词，这里修饰动词短语turned into，应该用副词，故填gradually。7.who考查非限制性定语从句。剧中有逗号，说明是非限制性定语从句，先行词是Confucius孔子，定语从句缺少主语，且指人，故填who。8.development考查词性转换。the名词of，意为“的”，这里指“筷子的发展”，故填development。9.were考查时态。根据句意可知，这里指的是刀子因太暴力而不适合在餐桌上使用，believed后跟一个宾语从句，and连接了两个并列的谓语，主语knives是复数，根据时态一致的原则，这里用一般过去时，故填were。10.with考查介词。句意：在印度，大部分人还是用传统的吃饭方法用手拿，with表示具体工具的名词，故填with。