1、 Module 2Developing and Developed Countries (主题语境人与社会之科学与技术：社会进步与人类文明)1economy n. 经济merce n. 商业3corporation n. (大)公司4firm n. 公司，企业 adj. 坚固的；坚定的5enterprise n. 公司；企/事业单位6company n. 公司 7.negotiation n. 协商；谈判8business n. 生意；交易；事业 9.deal n. 大量；数额；交易10trade n. 贸易 11.profit n. 利润12loss n. 损失 13.account n.
2、账目；描述14bill n. 账单；(美)钞票；票据 15.debt n. 债务；欠款16finance n. 资金，财政，财务，金融17interest n. 利息 18.budget n. 预算19capital n. 资本 20.currency n. 货币；流通21invest v. 投资 22.export n& vt. 出口23import n& v. 进口 24.manage vt. 管理；经营25boom n& vi. (生意)繁荣；激增26decline n& v. 减少；下降；衰退27decrease n& v. 减少；减小；降低28poverty n. 贫穷29expec
3、tancy n. 预期数额 30.statistics n. 统计数字1be short of 短缺的；缺乏的；不足的2bring down prices 降低价格3meet/satisfy ones needs 满足某人的需求4set aside 拨出；留出；不理会5make a profit 盈利；赚钱6be beneficial to 对有益7lay the foundation for 为打下基础8from another perspective 从另一个角度9be devoted to 投身于10in all aspects of human life 在人类生活的各个方面11giv
4、e rise to 引起；使发生12take.into account/consideration 把考虑在内13make contributions to 为做贡献14out of debt 不欠债15in hopes of 希望；怀着的希望1Chinas economy is expected to grow at a medium speed in the coming years, so an increase is possible in the investment in the movie industry and the number of quality movies.未来几
5、年，中国经济预计中速增长；因此，在电影行业的投资和高质量电影的数量上，增长是可能的。2Beijing and Shanghai are the two biggest and most important cities in China. Now lets have a quick look at the similarities and differences between them.北京和上海是中国的两个最大、最重要的城市。现在让我们快速看一下它们之间的异同。3When seeking the increase of economy, some areas care little abo
6、ut the environment.当追求经济增长的时候，一些地区不关心环境问题。4It is estimated that the economic losses were more than 9.7 billion yuan.估计造成经济损失97亿多元。5Nowadays more and more people have come to realize the fact that we shouldnt develop economy at the expense of the environment.现在越来越多的人意识到我们不应该以牺牲环境作为代价来发展经济这一事实。 单词巧练写准
7、并记牢.识记单词(一)会其形1income n. 收入2.poverty n. 贫穷3measure vt. 测定；测量；评估 4.goal n. 目标5position n. 位置；职位 6.figure n. 数字7homeless adj. 无家可归的 8.tourism n. 旅游业9smart adj. 漂亮的；整洁的；时髦的 10.exchange n. 交换(二)知其意1human n. (与动物等对比的)人2.index n. 指数3household n. 一家人；家庭 4.charity n. 慈善团体5freeway n. 高速公路6vast adj. 巨大的；庞大的；浩
8、瀚的.拓展单词1hunger n. 饥饿hungry adj. 饥饿的2development n. 发展develop vt.& vi. (使)发展developing adj. 发展中的developed adj. 发达的3educate vt. 教育；培养；训练education n. 教育educated adj. 受过教育的；有教养的4crowded adj. 拥挤的crowd n. 人群 v. 聚拢5inhabitant n. 居民inhabit v. 居住6similarity n. 类似；相似similar adj. 相似的similarly adv. 相似地；同样地7unfo
9、rtunate adj. 不幸的；遗憾的unfortunately adv. 不幸地fortunate adj. 幸运的fortunately adv. 幸运地fortune n. 幸运；运气8location n. 位置；所在地locate vt. 使坐落于 vi. 定位；定居located adj. 位于9transport n. 交通工具transportation n. 交通；运输10industrial adj. 工业的industry n. 工业11polluted adj. 受到污染的pollute vt. 污染pollution n. 污染12entertainment n.
10、娱乐entertain vt. 使欢乐entertaining adj. 使人愉快的高考与教材1.(2018全国卷)The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.2(2019江苏卷)We are so fond of our high intelligenc
11、e that we assume that when it comes to brain power, more must be better. Unfortunately (fortunate), that is not the case.3(2019全国卷)“Of course, we notice it when the sun is shining，”says Karin Ro, who works for the towns tourism (tour) office.4(2018江苏卷)In 2005, when the Bishop Arts Theatre was donate
12、d to our town, the location (locate) was considered a poor area of town.5(2018全国卷)To begin with, the name of the movie is Growing Together, which is about the development (develop) of our beloved school.6(2017北京卷)If you dont understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people unt
13、il you figure it out.7(2017江苏卷)Since Internet voting is an unavoidable tendency, it is necessary that some measures (measure) should be taken to make things better.8(2015重庆卷)Meanwhile, they exchange ideas and feelings with each other, through which they probably acquire more knowledge.1“收入”名词集锦incom
14、e 收入pay 报酬salary 薪水wage 工资profit 利润pension 养老金2trans开头高频词全接触transport n. 交通transportation n. 运输transplant v. 移植transfer v. 运送transform v. 改造transmit v. 传输3后缀less形容词大观园homeless 无家可归的hopeless 无望的breathless 气喘吁吁的endless 无休止的countless 数不清的sleepless 不眠的 短语巧练写准并记牢1.up_to 达到；忙于；胜任；由决定2make_sure 确定；弄清楚3make
15、_progress 取得进步4make_efforts 努力5in_particular 尤其；特别6be_connected_with 与有联系；与有关7be/get_close_to 接近；靠近8at_the_top/bottom_of 在顶端/底部9such_as 像，诸如10as_a_result 因此，结果高考与教材1.(2019天津卷)The course normally attracts about 100 students per year, of whom up_to half will be from abroad.2(2018全国卷)Whats more, before
16、 you enjoy the meal, better make_sure you avoid making noises while chewing food.3(2017江苏卷)Therefore, the film industry should make_efforts to attract more viewers.4(2015天津卷)One agent recommended a house in_particular. Although her description sounded wonderful, the price was beyond our range, so we
17、 declined.1“beadj.to(介词)”短语万花筒be close to 接近；靠近be equal to 等于；胜任be familiar to 为所熟悉be open to 对开放be opposite to 与相反be similar to 与相似2top/bottom相关短语个个清at the top/bottom of 在顶端/底部on (the) top of 在上方from top to bottom 从上到下at bottom 实际上；本质上from the bottom of ones heart 从某人心底里3as短语全扫光as to/for 关于，至于 as u
18、sual 照例，照常 as a result 结果 as a rule 通常 as a whole 总的来说 as a matter of fact 事实上 句式仿写写准并记牢1.while用作并列连词，表示对比或相反的情况Norway is at the top of the list, while the US is at number 7. 挪威高居榜首，而美国则排在第七。2although引导让步状语从句Although more than 80% of children in developing countries go to primary school, about 115 m
19、illion children are not being educated.在发展中国家，虽然80%以上的儿童都能上小学，但仍有约1.15亿儿童不能接受教育。3“of抽象名词”可用来描述人或事物的特征Its an agreement between towns or cities of similar size and age. 这是大小和历史相似的城市或城镇之间的一份协议高考与教材1.(2019江苏卷)李江建议穿中式服装，而苏华认为校服更合适。Li Jiang suggests traditional Chinese clothes while_Su_Hua_thinks_the_scho
20、ol_uniforms_are_more_suitable.2(2019江苏卷)虽然中式服装可能看起来更漂亮和时尚，但穿着它四处走动有点奇怪。Although_the_traditional_Chinese_dress_may_look_more_beautiful_and_stylish,_it is a little bit strange to walk around in it.3(2019北京卷)我希望以上建议会对你有些帮助。I hope these suggestions above will be_of_some_help to you.高频词汇精讲1position n位置；姿
21、势；地位；职位；处境；立场；态度The UK is in the thirteenth position，while China is in the middle of the list.英国排在第13位，而中国排在名单的中游。in a(n).position 处于的地位/处境in/out of position 在/不在适当的位置be in a position to do sth. (因有能力、金钱或权力而)能做某事take (up) a position 就位；得到职位hold the position of. 担任的职务名师指津 当position后跟定语从句且position在从句中
22、作状语时，引导词应用where。(1)单句语法填空If you were in my position, you would have sympathy for those poor children.When I know all the facts, Ill be in a position to_advise (advise) you.Sales director is a position where communication ability is just as important as sales. (2)完成句子At present she holds_the_position
23、_of sales manager in a large company.现在她在一家大公司担任销售经理的职务。2measure v测定；测量；评估；有长(或宽、高等) n尺寸；措施；方法；计量单位What does the Human Development Index measure?人类发展指数是测量什么的？be measured by/in 用来衡量make.to ones measure 依照某人的尺寸做take measures (to do sth.) 采取措施(做某事)名师指津 measure作名词表示“措施”时，常用其复数形式。作动词表示“有长/宽/高”时，为不及物动词，不用
24、于被动语态和进行时，如果此意义的短语作后置定语，要用现在分词的形式。(1)单句语法填空Education shouldnt be measured purely by/in examination results.The new bridge under construction, measuring (measure) twice as long as the old one, is due to be completed next month.In the old days, my mother always made new clothes to my own measure with
25、the Spring Festival coming.(2)补全句子Right now, the government should take_powerful_measures to push the states economy forward.现在政府应该采取强有力的措施来推进国民经济。3be/get close to 接近，靠近；即将发生Tourism is important to both of them，and they are both close to some of the most beautiful countryside in the region.对于两个城市来说，
26、旅游业都很重要，而且这两个城市与该地区最美丽的一些乡村近在咫尺。(1)close down (广播电台、电视台)停止播音，结束播放；(工厂等的)关闭；停业close up 关闭，停歇；靠拢；(开口)闭合；靠紧(2)close v. 关闭；(使)结束 adj. (在时间、空间上)接近的；严密的；亲密的adv. 靠近(指距离上)；不远地closely adv. 密切地，仔细地(主要指程度或关系的紧密)closed adj. 关闭的，封闭的；不向公众开放的(1)单句语法填空The two countries are close to signing (sign) a peace agreement.
27、The general ordered his soldiers to close up to him.If the firms failed to make enough money, they would close down.The kids seated themselves close to the teacher and listened closely with great interest.(close)(2)补全句子It is recommended that children should be offered chances to be_close_to_nature.建
28、议给孩子们提供接近大自然的机会。4make efforts 努力The report shows that we are making some progress but that we need to make greater efforts.报告显示：我们正在进步，但是我们必须做出更大的努力。(1)make an effort/efforts/every effort to do sth. (尽一切)努力做某事spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力做某事(2)with effort 努力地without effort 毫不费力地；容易地联想发散 “尽一切努力做某事”
29、的表达法还有：try/do ones best to do sth.；do all that sb. can to do sth.；do what sb. can to do sth.(1)单句语法填空More efforts, as reported, will_be_made (make) in the years ahead to accelerate the supplyside structural reform.Food safety is very important, so the government spares no effort to_prevent (prevent)
30、 food pollution.The little boat rolled down the river without effort with the wind behind her.(2)词汇升级Dreams in our heart will come true one day as long as we insist and keep trying our best.Dreams in our heart will come true one day as long as we insist and keep making_great_efforts.重点词汇点拨1figure n数
31、字；图形；雕像；人物；身材；画像；(隐约可见的)人影v.计算；认为写出下列句中figure的含义As for my favorite figure in Chinese history, it must be Wei Yuan, a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty.人物The figure of the death in the mine will be published tomorrow.数字How does Mary manage to keep her figure when she eats so much？身材Glancing roun
32、d, he caught sight of a dark figure in the shadows.人影I figured that he was drunk and shouldnt be allowed to drink more.认为2up to直到；达到；到为止；忙于；胜任；由决定(1)写出下列句中up to的含义Dont worry. He is up to the job you offered him.胜任If you advertise your goods in a dishonest way, you will be fined up to 50,000 yuan.达到W
33、hen and where the meeting is to be held is up to our headmaster.由决定(2)单句语法填空Life just gives us time and space. Its up to us to_fill (fill) it.What shall we do this weekend?Its up to you. Whatever you want.3写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义These volcanoes are so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack，leavi
34、ng behind a vast hole, the caldera.巨大的In a study describing the technology，the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch”four times using the smart keyboard.智能的With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week.家庭的；日常的Javed Khan, o
35、f childrens charity Barnardos, said，“Its vital that new compulsory age appropriate relationship and sex education lessons in England should help equip children to deal with the growing demands of social media.慈善团体The total rise in agricultural incomes in rich countries is greater than the fall in po
36、or ones.收入典型句式精析本句中while作并列连词，表示对比或转折，意为“然而；可是”；while还可作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，表示“当时候”；引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管；虽然；只要”。名师指津 作“然而”解时，while不能放在句子前面。 while和but有所不同，while用于对比，but表示转折；当句子的主语相同时应用but，不用while表示转折。(1)单句语法填空It is said that body language accounts for 55 percent of a first impression while what you say just 7 pe
37、rcent.While the students came from different countries，they got along quite well in the summer camp.(2)句式升级Travelling can broaden your mind，but its not a good idea to spend too much time and money on it.While_travelling_can_broaden_your_mind，its not a good idea to spend too much time and money on it
38、.(while引导让步状语从句).单词拼写1The government will take measures (措施) to help college graduates to find jobs in 2019.2One of her goals (目标) is to get the first place in the coming examination.3He had to get off the ship and into some faster transport (交通工具) as soon as possible.4Since the government took some
39、 measures, the polluted (污染) river has been becoming cleaner and cleaner.5Unfortunately (不幸的是)，all the passengers on board were killed because of the air crash.6Its widely believed that the world will serve as a bridge for cultural exchanges (交流)between the countries.7The bus was so crowded (拥挤的) th
40、at I had to stand all the way to school.8You could find out many similarities (相似) between the twin brothers.9How often do you find yourself in the same position (位置) as the lion?10The houses are designed for those families on low incomes (收入).单句语法填空1Food waste is a major problem worldwide.In the US
41、 alone, up to 40 percent of food goes uneaten.2The new supermarket was once close to closing (close) down.But since the underground was opened, business has been picking up.3In my opinion, while/although/though we are confident in ourselves, we should recognize strengths in others and show respect f
42、or them.4Instead of sharing information thats far too difficult to understand, he figures out what your problems are and finds out a way to fix them.5Parents should pay more attention to the mental development (develop) of their children.6Many lakes and rivers are not clean since they have been poll
43、uted (pollute) by a lot of waste.7In my opinion, the film last night is not just an entertainment (entertain). Its a film with a message.8His super hybrid rice has helped many people get rid of hunger (hungry)9Some industrial (industry) waste is harmful to our environment, so we shouldnt throw it aw
44、ay everywhere.10This machine is very easy to_operate (operate). Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.单句改错1We must make every effort turn our dreams into reality.effort后加to2What is known to all is that effective measure should be taken to deal with the problem of the overexploitation of our r
45、esources.measuremeasures3In the early morning all of us stood at top of the mountain to the east of the city, watching a burning sun rising.at后加the4This company has launched several types of cars this year, and one on particular appeals to the young.onin5Make good use of learning resources such as t
46、he website and library, and you will make great progresses.progressesprogress6Larry went above and beyond the call of duty by getting so closely to the burning vehicle！closelyclose7On the development of society，more and more families own their private cars.OnWith8It is easy to find many similarity b
47、etween the two cities situated on the coast.similaritysimilarities9In terms of our future development，learning English is great importance to us.is后加of10As a result，it is totally up to you to decide that whether we accept the invitation or not.去掉that.语段填词1In order to receive good education,_she was
48、admitted into a famous school which is in the south of China to be educated. (educate)2In terms of style, the two pictures are similar and its easy to find many similarities between them. But on the other hand, you can similarly find some differences. (similar)3Its unfortunate to be lost in a forest
49、 situated in a foreign country. Even unfortunately,_we couldnt find anyone to help us. Faced with difficulties, we tried our fortune to find a map. Fortunately we arrived home before dark. So we were also very fortunate. (fortunate)4With the development of economy, peoples lives are becoming better
50、and better. However, China, as a developing country, is different from America, which is a developed one. (develop).完成句子1你们应该采取有效措施改善你们工人的工作环境。(measure)You should take_effective_measures to improve your workers working conditions.2正如这份报告中表明的那样，青少年问题常常与家庭生活和教育有关。(be connected with)As is shown in the
51、report, teenager problems are_often_connected_with_family_life_and_education.3这兄弟俩很不同。一个喜欢读书，而另一个酷爱运动。(while)The two brothers are very different. One likes reading，while_the_other_is_crazy_about_sports.4交通问题已经严重影响了经济的发展，因此，我们必须努力解决这个问题。(make efforts)The traffic problems have severely affected econom
52、ic development, so we must make_efforts_to_solve_them.5生活就像一个杯子，而它是“杯具”还是“洗具”，由你自己决定。(up to)Life is like a cup, but its_up_to_you_to_decide whether its a drinking cup or a toothbrush cup.微写作假如你是中学生李华，请你给英国朋友彼得写信介绍一下同学李明的情况。要点如下：1李明生活在一个贫困线以下的家庭，甚至没有按照他的尺寸所做的新衣服，而且直到十岁才上学；2他在高中不在乎吃穿，反而认为书籍才是有用的；3他努力学
53、习，上学期他的考试成绩位居榜首。他相信依靠勤奋他就能考入重点大学。注意：1.请根据以上要点写一篇100词左右的短文；2尽量使用本模块的知识点；3可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear_Peter，Id like to tell you something about my friend, Li Ming.Living in a family below the poverty line, Li Ming couldnt get some new clothes made to his own measure, and went to school up to the age of ten. H
54、e isnt particular about food and clothes in senior high. He figures that books are of great value. Last term he was at the top of the exam list by making efforts. Figuring on diligence, he believes that he will be admitted into a key university.Could you please share your friendss story with me?Your
55、s，Li_Hua.课文语法填空One of the most important _1_ (section) of the Human Development Report is the Human Development Index，which _2_ (measure) a countrys achievements _3_ three ways: life expectancy，education and income.The UK is in the thirteenth position _4_ China is in the middle of the list.This repo
56、rt gives examples of _5_ (success) development.For example，in the last ten years in China,150 million people moved out of _6_ (poor). _7_， the challenges are still great.Although most of the children in _8_ (develop) countries go to primary school，about 115 million children are still not _9_ (educate). The report shows that we are making some progress but that we need to make _10_ (great) efforts.1sections2.measures3.in4.while5.successful6poverty7.However8.developing9.being_educated10greater学习至此，请完成课时作业14