1、.单句语法填空1(2019全国卷)Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, which she opened with her late husband Les. 解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知此处是一个非限制性定语从句，且关系词在句中替代先行词a pet shop在从句中作宾语，故用关系代词which。2(2019全国卷)They were well trained by their masters who had great experience with carin
2、g for these animals. 解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知had great experience with caring for these animals为定语从句，修饰先行词masters，masters为人，故填who。3(2019浙江卷)On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth that/which gives off light in the dark.解析：考查定语从句。分析句式可知，先行词是cloth，后面是定语从句，且在从句中作主语，故用关系代词that/which。4(2019北京卷)The
3、 students benefitting most from college are those who/that are totally engaged (参与) in academic life, taking full advantage of the colleges chances and resources (资源)解析：考查定语从句的引导词。those做先行词时，关系代词一般用who；又因为that也可以指人，故填who/that。5(2018全国卷)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when
4、the government started a soiltesting program that/which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmersand 2011，fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.解析：先行词program后接定语从句；在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为“物”。6(2017全国卷)Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both，which is not good for the health.解析
5、：which引导非限制性定语从句，which在从句中作主语，指代前面主句的内容。7(2017全国卷)But Sarah，who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.解析：根据句子结构可知，此处应是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是Sarah，在从句中作主语，故关系代词用who。8(2017浙江卷)Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a p
6、ile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden，where it remained until the carrots leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it.解析：根据句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为the garden，在从句中作地点状语，故要用关系副词where。9(2016全国卷)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，who lived from roughly 551 to 4
7、79 BC, influenced the development of chopsticks.解析：句中先行词为the great Chinese scholar Confucius，定语从句中缺少主语，故填who。10(2016全国卷)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s，when I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued
8、from starvation in the wild.解析：句中先行词为the mid1980s，定语从句中缺少时间状语，故填when。.单句改错1(2019全国卷)In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them.what改为that/which解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知.is created for them为定语从句，修饰先行词the historical environment，先行词在定语从句中作主语，故填that或whic
9、h。2(2017全国卷)In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house.thatwhich解析：关系词的混用。that不能够引导非限制性定语从句，故改为which。3(2016四川卷)The dishes what I cooked were Moms favorite.whatthat/which，或者去掉what解析：首先判断dishes后面的从句为定语从句，what不引导定语从句；其次定语从句中缺少宾
10、语。4(全国卷)Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner，that might not be served until 8 oclock at night.thatwhich解析：关系词的混用。that不能够引导非限制性定语从句，故改为which。1which与that引导定语从句的区别(1)which引导非限制性定语从句，在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词前。The little girl is reading a book, in which there are many
11、 cartoons.小女孩在读书，书里有许多漫画。(2)that的用法先行词是all, much, little, few, something, anything, everything, none, nothing等不定代词；先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级所修饰；先行词被the only, the very, the last等词修饰先行词既指人又指物She is the only person that understands me.她是唯一理解我的人。The famous writer and his book that you referred to just
12、now are wellknown now.你刚才提到的那位著名作家和他的书现在非常有名。2which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别whichas先行词先行词可以是一个名词也可以是整个主句先行词只能是主句位置只能放在先行词的后面位置灵活，可位于句前、句中也可置于句后搭配无动词的限制谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see, hear, know, expect, remember等词意意为“这一点”表示“正如，正像的那样”She married again, as we expected.正如我们预料的那样，她再婚了。She married again, which was unex
13、pected.她再婚了，这是始料不及的。3the same.that.与the same.as的区别(1)the same.as.表示相似的东西。This is the same book as he lent me last week.这和他上星期借给我的那本书属于同一类。(2)the same.that.表示同一人或物。This is the same book that he lent me last week.这是他上星期借给我的那本书。4such/so.as.与such/so.that.的区别(1)such/so.as.引导定语从句，意为“像那样”，as在从句中作主语、宾语等。Thi
14、s is such an easy question as I can answer.这是一道我可以回答的简单问题。(2)such/so.that.引导结果状语从句，意为“如此以至于”，that在从句中不作成分。This is such an easy question that I can answer it.这是一道如此简单的问题以至于我都可以回答。5其他关系代词的用法关系代词先行词句法功能who人主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语whom人宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)whose(of whom/of which)人或物定语His wife, who is a famous ac
15、tress, will visit America.他妻子，一位著名演员，将要访问美国。The house, whose roof was damaged, has now been repaired.那栋屋顶损坏了的房子现在已经修好了。关系副词先行词句法功能when时间时间状语where地点、情形、状况、活动、关键点等地点状语why原因原因状语I will never forget the day when Shenzhou was sent up into space.我永远不会忘记神舟十号发射升空的那一天。This is the village where we worked ten y
16、ears ago.这就是十年前我们工作过的那个村庄。Do you know the reason why he is absent?你知道他缺席的原因吗？构成句法功能用法指津名词(代词)介词关系代词主语可转化为“whose名词”结构数词(形容词最高级)of关系代词主语数词还可以被some, many, most, each等不定代词替换介词(短语)关系代词状语关系代词只能用which或whom且不能省略，但可与关系副词互换介词关系代词名词状语关系代词常用which和whose介词关系副词状语有时为了表达清楚，还可以在关系副词where/when前加介词from或toRecently, I bo
17、ught an ancient vase, the price of which was very reasonable.最近，我买了一个古代花瓶，它的价格很合理。He has ten cousins, the youngest of whom is very clever.他有十个表兄弟，最小的那个很聪明。We are looking for the person to whom the book belongs.我们正在寻找这本书的主人。Lily might possibly come, in which case Ill ask her.莉莉可能会来，要是那样的话我就去问她。There
18、is a big window in my room, from where I can see the railway station.我的房间有一个大窗户，透过它我可以看到火车站。1分隔式定语从句 分隔式定语从句是指先行词与关系代(副)词分隔。Great changes around us take place before our eyes every day to which we pay little attention.(先行词great changes与定语从句to which we pay little attention分隔)我们很少关注眼前在我们周边每天发生的巨大变化。2插
19、入式定语从句插入式定语从句是指关系代词与从句之间有插入语。We must believe in ourselves, which, in my opinion, is the most important in our life.(关系代词which与从句其他成分之间有插入语in my opinion)我们必须要相信自己，在我看来，这是我们生活中最重要的。.单句语法填空1Well, he likes the idea of studying there, but he has friends who/that will stay here, and his girlfriend may sta
20、y here too.2Brown fat burns energy, which helps us lose weight.3Anyone who/that upgrades their professional knowledge to a new level can apply for these courses.4There once lived a boy named Woo Sing, whose father brought home a mirror.5I have also heard that another reason for growing GM food is th
21、at the producers want to be able to successfully grow the best crops that have a high nutritional value.6Well, second, be sure to do some research on the company for which you are being interviewed.7Secondly you are to take part in different parties and know the history of China and Chinese culture,
22、 especially Chinese holidays, which will impress you deeply.8I was puzzled and didnt know how to deal with the relationship between job and family until one day, during my business trip in Chicago, I came across an old family friend Dan, who was once a patient of my father.9They also supervised slav
23、es who/that did all the cooking, cleaning and planting of the crops.10I have been a member for four years now and Ive taken part in a lot of interesting projects, which include fun activities such as holiday camps and discos.单句改错1From there we went to Brisbane, that is the capital city of Queensland
24、, Australia.thatwhich2Last but not least, my physics teacher is my role model, which influence on me has spread to my whole life.whichwhose3You are supposed to have lunch together with some students in the school dining hall, that you can have a free talk with students from different classes.thatwhe
25、re4Ah Bao did all he could to save my little brother, that moved all the people present.thatwhich5There are three people in my family and Im the only one child, who is very common in Chinese families.whowhich6On the third floor there are two rooms, one of them is used as a meeting room.themwhich7The
26、 waitress, named Penny, is an easygoing and nice girl whom has a dream of becoming an actress. whomwho8The town is so primitiveall the buildings conserve their original faces, that makes it popular among the modernized world.thatwhich9After drinking this kind of milk, the babies had big heads while
27、their legs and arms were still thin, it badly affected their health.itwhich10It is stated in my resume, I graduated from Zhejiang University with outstanding academic performances.ItAs.用适当的关系词填空Do you know the man _1_ wrote this book？He was Jason, one of the engineers _2_ came from Russia in the 195
28、0s.He worked in the same factory _3_ my father once worked.When he came to China, the first thing _4_ he did was to visit the factory _5_ did research on trolleybuses and found out the reason _6_ China was so backward in it.Then he spent every minute _7_ he could spare to help China develop transpor
29、tation. _8_ is mentioned above, Jason was a foreigner _9_ made great contributions to our country and was a kind man to _10_ we should say thanks.1who/that2.who/that3.where4.that5.which/that6.why7.that8.As9.who/that10.whom.语法填空The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar ter
30、ms. Awakening of Insects (惊蛰) _1_ (fall) on Mar. 6 and ends on Mar. 20 this year.Awakening of Insects signals a rise in temperature and increased rain fall. As the _2_ (three) solar term in the lunar year, _3_ (it) name suggests the fact that animals sleeping in winter are awakened _4_ spring thunde
31、r and that the earth begins to come back to life. It is the key time for spring agricultural _5_ (activity). It is also a good time for people to enjoy fun outdoors, especially for people living in the city. _6_ (drive) to the suburbs, fishing in a lake or enjoying the singing bird will make for a p
32、erfect weekend in spring. The most popular fruit in this season is pears.Eating pears around the Awakening of Insects _7_ (be) a widelypracticed custom in China. As the weather gets _8_ (warm) and the air becomes drier, people tend to feel their mouths and tongues are dry, _9_ can cause colds or cou
33、ghs. A pear is sweet, juicy and cold, moistening (湿润) the lungs to arrest a cough. _10_， pears are highly recommended during the Awakening of Insects.本文是一篇文化类短文阅读，主要介绍了我国农历传统节气惊蛰的习俗。1falls解析：考查动词的时态。句意：今年的惊蛰是在3月6日。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。故填falls。2third解析：考查序数词。句意：作为农历的第三个节气。根据句意可知，这里表示“第三”，故用序数词。3its解析：考查代词。句
34、意：它的名字表明正冬眠的动物被春雷唤醒，大地上万物复苏。修饰名词name，用形容词性物主代词作定语。4by解析：考查介词。句意：它的名字表明正冬眠的动物被春雷唤醒，大地上万物复苏。介词by表示“被”。5activities解析：考查名词的数。句意：这是春季农业活动的关键时刻。名词activity为可数名词，根据句意可知用复数形式。6Driving解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：开车去郊区，在湖里钓鱼，或者欣赏鸟儿唱歌，这些都是春天完美的周末。分析句子可知，此处与fishing in a lake or enjoying the singing bird并列，因此用动名词作主语。7is解析：考查主谓
35、一致。句意：在中国，惊蛰前后吃梨是一种很普遍的习俗。动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。8warmer解析：考查形容词比较级。句意：随着天气变暖，天气比较干，人们很容易口干舌燥，容易因此患上感冒或咳嗽。根据and the air becomes drier提示可知，这里用形容词比较级形式。9which解析：考查定语从句。句意：随着天气变暖，天气比较干，人们很容易口干舌燥，容易因此患上感冒或咳嗽。此处为非限制性定语从句，用which指代前面的事情。10Therefore/Thus解析：考查副词。句意：因此，在惊蛰时，强烈推荐吃梨。根据前后句之间的关系可知，这里为因果关系，根据逗号可知，这里用副词形
36、式。.短文改错A man stops at a flower shop to order some flowers to be wired to his mother who lived two hundreds miles away. As he got out his car, he noticed a little girl sobbing there. When ask why, she said, “I want to buy a rose for my mother, and I have no money.” The man bought a rose for the girl. As they were leaving he offered the girl the ride home. But the girl directed him to a cemetery, when she placed the rose on a fresh dug grave (坟墓). The man returned to the flower shop, and canceled the wire order, picked up a bouquet and driving to his mothers house.答案