1、2020学年第一学期向明中学期中考高二英语试卷I. Listening Comprehension (20分，每题1分)Section A (10分)Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once
2、. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. 90 yuan. B.19 yuan. C. 45 yuan. D. 9.5 yuan.2. A. She promises to meet Jim tomorrow.B. She promises to answer phone ca
3、lls for Jim.C. She promises to go to a meeting with Jim.D. She promises to send a message to Jim.3. A. It is well paid. B. It is near his home.C. It has long working hours. D. It is an easy job.4. A. 9:15. B. 9:45. C. 9:50. D. 10:15.5. A. China B. India C. Norway D. London6. A. He didnt want to fly.
4、B. He had an accident on his way to the airport.C. He was unable to leave immediately.D. He didnt want to take the exam.7. A. They are near a window store.B. They are in front of their house.C. They are the traffic lights.D. They are in front of a furniture store.8. A. He left his lab and went on va
5、cation.B. He locked his lab.C. He came back early to work.D He went to give a lecture.9. A. She plans to travel.B. She plans to move to Europe.C. She plans to visit her friend in Europe.D. She plans to learn foreign languages.10. A. Connie and David have changed.B. David wants to talk to Connie.C. C
6、onnie and David are planning a trip together.D. Connie and David have many friends.Section B (10分)Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the convers
7、ation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. They knew they had to
8、make stone tools.B. The weather in Asia and Africa was warm.C. There were lots of animals at that time.D. They had plenty of food to eat.12. A. They had the kind of tools needed to kill large animals.B. The hunters were very strong.C. There are too many animals to hunt.D. People did not eat too much
9、 meat.13. A. Those places where a kind of food was plenty.B. Those places where there were large animals.C. Those places where various food could be found.D. Those places where materials for tool-making were plenty.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. The layout of the l
10、aboratory.B. A laboratory experiment.C. The workbook for the laboratory course.D. A piece of equipment.15. A. The activities to be done during class.B. The activities take less time.C. No equipment is needed for the activities.D. Few instructions are given for activities.16. A. At the beginning of t
11、he semester.B. When the students need to be motivated.C. After the first laboratory experiment.D. When the students have done good work.Questions 17 to 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. It was established ten years ago. B. Its headquarters is in Britain.C. It turns to force to solve
12、environmental problems. D. It is a non-profit organization.18. A. Anti-animal-abuse demonstrations. B. Anti-nuclear campaigns.C. Surveying the Atlantic Ocean floor. D. Removing industrial waste.19. A. By troubling and annoying them. B. By taking legal action.C. By appealing to the public. D. By usin
13、g force.20. A. Doubtful. B. Indifferent.C. Opposed. D. Supportive.II. Grammar and VocabularySection A (10分，每题1分)Directions: After reading the passage below fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper
14、 form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Female Entertainers Fight Ageism in the Reality ShowA band of entertainment industry has-beens has stepped back into the spotlight in Older Sisters Riding Winds and Breaking Waves. It is a girl group knockout reali
15、ty show _1_ (feature) performers older than 30.Produced by Mango TV, the reality show has made huge waves across Chinas social platforms.The show consists of 30 seasoned, established female singers, actors and hosts, _2_were born before 1990._3_ some possibilities in life fade after you hit 30, you
16、can still transcend time and reinvent yourself, reads part of the shows preamble(开场白), conveying a clear message _4_ the ageism facing women.Some contestants spoke out about their attitude towards aging and age discrimination.Wu Xin, 37, a hostess on the popular variety show Happy Camp, _5_(voice) h
17、er opinion, believing shes at the best age of her life. I used to limit myself due to a narrow vision, and thus missed a lot of opportunities. _6_I get older, Ive come to realize that I can do many things, so I decided _7_(seize) this chance to stretch myself, she said.While some people see the succ
18、essfully staged show as a progression in challenging societys youth-obsessed pop culture, _8_ remain doubtful and critical.Some viewers reveal that their anxiety towards aging has gotten _9_ (bad) after watching the show.“My heart quivered as I heard 50-year-old Christy Chung say she still feels as
19、young as 20 physically and would always be 18 at heart. The show actually points out the possibility _10_a womans actual age is neither acceptable for the public nor for herself,” reads a Weibo post by Tang Shuang, a senior fashion editor of Vogue China.【答案】1. featuring 2. who 3. Even though/ Even i
20、f 4. against 5. voiced 6. As 7. to seize 8. others 9. worse 10. that【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述的是电视真人秀节目- “乘风破浪”的姐姐，由30岁以上的女子团体组成的电视节目在中国的社交平台上掀起了女艺人在真人秀中与年龄歧视作斗争的巨大浪潮。【1题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这是一个以30岁以上的演员为对象的女子团体真人秀。设空处在句中作非谓语，和其逻辑主语（show）之间是逻辑主动的关系。故答案为featuring。【2题详解】考查非限制性定语从句引导词。句意：该节目由30位90年前出生的资深女歌手、演员和主持人组成。
21、设空处引导非限制性定语从句且在句中作指人的主语，先行词为female singers, actors and hosts。关系代词为who。故答案为who。【3题详解】考查从属连词。句意: 即使30岁以后，生活中的一些可能性消失了，你仍然可以超越时间，重新塑造自己。分析句子的结构可知，设空处为引导词引导状语从句，结合句意，可知主句和从句之间是相反关系，应用even if/even though (即使)。故答案为Even if/Even though。【4题详解】考查介词。句意：虽然过了30岁，生活中的一些可能性会消失，但你仍然可以超越时间，重塑自我，该剧的序言中这样写道，明确表达了反对女性年
22、龄歧视的观点。分析句子的结构可知，设空处为介词，再结合上句“3 some possibilities in life fade after you hit 30, you can still transcend time and reinvent yourself,” 即使30岁以后，生活中的一些可能性消失了，你仍然可以超越时间，重新塑造自己。可知是明确表达了反对女性年龄歧视的观点。against(反对)为介词，故答案为against。【5题详解】考查谓语的时态和语态。句意：37岁的吴欣是人气综艺节目快乐大本营的主持人，她表达了自己的观点，认为自己正处于人生的最佳年龄。分析句子的结构可知，设空
23、处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语（Wu Xin）之间是主动关系；叙述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故答案为voiced。【6题详解】考查连词。句意：随着年龄的增长，我意识到我可以做很多事情，所以我决定抓住这个机会锻炼自己。设空处应为转语从句，结合句意，此处表示“随着”。as(在时候、以方式、随着)为连词。故答案为As。【7题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意见上题。固定用法decide to do sth决定作某事。故答案为to seize。【8题详解】考查不定代词。句意：虽然有些人认为这场成功的演出是对当今社会迷恋年轻人的流行文化的挑战，但也有人持怀疑态度和批评态度。此句为while(尽管)引导的让步
24、状语从句，此处表示一些人以及另一些人的观点；some,others一些人.，另一些人.；故答案为others。【9题详解】考查形容词的比较级。句意：一些观众透露，看完这个节目后，他们对衰老的焦虑变得更严重了。结合句意，此处表示在看节目之前与看节目之后相比，应用比较级。故答案为worse。【10题详解】考查同位语从句的连接词。句意：Vogue中国版高级时尚编辑唐双在微博上写道，这个节目实际上指出了一种可能性，即公众和她自己都不能接受一个女人的实际年龄。设空处为引导词引导的同位语从句，从句不缺成分且表达完整的含义。故答案为that。Section B(10分，每题1分)Directions: Co
25、mplete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.No More Food WasteLast week Meituan co-published a proposal with a number of business organizations, including the China General Chamber of Commerce and China C
26、uisine Association, calling on restaurants to stop food waste and help _11_new eating habits for customers.“Restaurants should innovate means of publicity using official accounts on social media and live-streaming to promote and advocate food-saving actions,” the proposal said.Meituan and the organi
27、zations are advocating that merchants offer _12_ to consumers, including reminding them during the ordering process about the taste of the ingredients, portion sizes and other information about the dishes, to help them avoid food waste due to _13_ information.Catering associations in more than 18 pr
28、ovinces have also joined the campaign to eliminate food waste. On Friday the China Cuisine Association announced that it had _14_ up with Ele.me, the Alibaba Group Holding-owned food delivery platform, to launch a “half-dish plan”, _15_restaurants to provide customers with the option to order smalle
29、r portions.The Wuhan Catering Association _16_ an “N-1” ordering code for restaurants in which a group of 10 diners would only order enough for nine people. More food is only brought to the table if required.To curb (限制) portrayals of food waste on social media platforms, popular Chinese video platf
30、orms such as Douyin and Kuaishou have stepped up content _17_ of food-related live streams and implemented regulation of online eating shows.Now if users search certain keywords, such as “eating show” or “competitive eaters”, a cautionary message pops up to remind them to cherish food and maintain a
31、 _18_diet.Across the country, about 40% of all the food Americans buy ends up in the trash. That food waste costs the average family of four about $1,500 _19_. It also takes up valuable space in landfills.The state of Vermont has long been a leader in environmental issues. Now it has just_20_down on
32、 its bid to get Vermonters to rethink their relationship with food and waste.As of July 1st, it became the first state in the nation to make it illegal for residents to throw their food scraps into the trash. That means everyone in the state from businesses to residents must now keep their food wast
33、e out of the garbage.【答案】11. I 12. F 13. A 14. C 15. E 16. J 17. G 18. H 19. K 20. D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述的是食物浪费。美团网与包括中国总商会和中国烹饪协会在内的一些商业组织共同发布了一份提案，呼吁餐馆停止食物浪费，帮助顾客养成新的饮食习惯。【11题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：上周，美团与包括中国总商会和中国烹饪协会在内的一些商业组织共同发布了一份提案，呼吁餐馆停止食物浪费，帮助顾客培养新的饮食习惯。设空处在句中作非谓语，help do/to do sth.帮助做某事。结合句意，设空处应为cul
34、tivate(培养)，故选I。【12题详解】考查名词。句意：美团网和相关机构正在倡导商家向消费者提供指导，包括在点餐过程中提醒他们配料的味道、份量大小和其他有关菜肴的信息，以帮助他们避免由于误导性信息造成的食物浪费。设空处在句中作宾语，结合句意，应用guidance(指导)。故选F。【13题详解】考查形容词。句意见上题解析。设空处后为名词，设空出应用形容词修饰名词。结合句意，应用misleading。故选A。【14题详解】考查谓语动词的时态和语态。句意：周五，中国烹饪协会宣布与Ele合作。设空处在句中作谓语，设空处的动作发生在主句的谓语动词的动作之前，应用过去完成时，team up with与
35、合作；应用teamed。故选C。【15题详解】考查非谓语动词，句意：阿里巴巴集团旗下的送餐平台将推出半餐计划，鼓励餐厅为顾客提供点小份食物的选择。设空处在句中作非谓语，和句子的逻辑主语之间是主动关系，应用动名词的形式，结合句意，设空处应用encouraging。故选E。【16题详解】考查动词时态。句意：武汉餐饮协会提出了一个N-1点餐代码，在这个代码中，10人的餐厅只能点9个人吃的菜。分析句子的结构可知，设空处在句中作谓语，叙述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，应用proposed(建议)。故选J。【17题详解】考查名词。句意：为了遏制社交媒体平台上的美食垃圾图片，抖音、快手等国内热门视频平台加大了
36、与美食相关的直播内容，并对网络美食节目实施监管。设空处前为形容词，形容词修饰名词，结合句意，设空处应为名词review(评论、监管)，review为可数名词，且空前没有冠词修饰，应用复数，应用reviews。故选G。【18题详解】考查形容词。句意：现在，如果用户搜索特定的关键词，如“美食秀”或“竞食者”，一个警告信息就会弹出，提醒他们珍惜食物，保持合理的饮食。设空处后为名词，设空处应为形容词修饰名词。结合句意，故答案为reasonable。应选H。【19题详解】考查副词。句意：这些食物浪费平均让一个四口之家每年花费1500美元。设空处作状语修饰动词cost；应用副词形式，结合句意，应为annu
37、ally。故选K。【20题详解】考查动词时态。句意：现在，它已经加倍努力让佛蒙特人重新思考他们与食物和浪费的关系。设空处在句中作谓语，叙述的是过去的事情对现在的影响，应用现在完成时，结合句意，应用doubled(加倍)。故选D。III. Reading ComprehensionSection A(15分，每题1分)Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word o
38、r phrase that best fits the context.Do Brain Training Games Work?With an ageing population worried about cognitive (认知的) decline, brain training apps have soared in popularity. Search “brain training”, and you will find _21_ apps and websites promising to make you mentally agile (敏捷的). In the same w
39、ay that we might go to the gym to exercise, a daily mental _22_ is said to produce physical changes in the brain. All you will have to do is to _23_ a few minutes each day to complete puzzles, memory games and word quizzes.At least thats the idea. And there are a lot of people who are _24_ into it.
40、In 2018, consumers spent an estimated $1.9 billion on brain training appsa fourfold increase from 2012. Of course, smartphones were not the original home for brain training games. _25_, Nintendo recently released its fourth all-time best-selling game, Brain Age, and brought it to the Switch in Japan
41、 last month. The idea of improving mental fitness clearly has widespread appeal, but is it based on scientific evidence or _26_ marketing promises?In 2014, the Stanford Center on Longevity published an open letter _27_ by 69 international neuroscientists (神经科学家) and cognitive psychologists. There is
42、 no convincing scientific evidence, the experts argued, that playing brain games improves cognitive abilities in everyday life.Two years later, another team of psychologists reviewed every scientific study cited by major brain training companies _28_ their products. They questioned not only how the
43、evidence had been reported and interpreted, but the way many of the studies had been designed. The _29_ included small sample sizes, inadequate control groups, and cherry-picking (挑选最有利的) research outcomes to _30_.If the science is so _31_ flawed (错误的), why do people feel the need to train their bra
44、ins with these apps and games?Thats _32_, according to Til Wykes, a professor at Kings College London. Nintendos Brain Age game, for instance, assigns players a score based on their gaming performance. They might start with a “brain age” score of 60 and after a few weeks of _33_, will be told they h
45、ave reduced it to 40. For some people, there is clearly some positive reward for seeing themselves improve over time. Wykes stresses, _34_, that for people who are really worried about their cognition, learning a new language would be more beneficial, which has been shown to improve brain _35_.21. A
46、. endlessB. advancedC. protectiveD. imaginary22 A. outcomeB. tryoutC. workoutD. outlook23. A. set outB. set backC. set offD. set aside24. A. buyingB. engagingC. overlookingD. inquiring25. A. By contrastB. For instanceC. Of courseD. In conclusion26. A. reliableB. preciousC. secretD. empty27. A. signe
47、dB. securedC. receivedD. sought28. A. in presence ofB. in support ofC. in case ofD. in memory of29. A. expectationB. solutionC. criticismD. standard30. A. reportB. designC. produceD. negotiate31. A. effortlesslyB. temporarilyC. seriouslyD. unfairly32. A. dependableB. understandableC. comparableD. ac
48、hievable33. A. experimentB. theoryC. practiceD. performance34. A. altogetherB. thereforeC. howeverD. likewise35. A. movementB. cooperationC. evaluationD. function【答案】21. A 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. D 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. A 31. C 32. B 33. C 34. C 35. D【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章通过引用数据、科学报告，事例等方式，论述了脑力训练游戏对提高大
49、脑的认知能力是否有用的问题。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：搜索“大脑训练”，你会发现不计其数的应用程序和网站，承诺让你在思想上变得敏捷。A. endless不计其数的，无止境的；B. advanced先进的；C. protective保护的；D. imaginary想象的。根据前文的“brain training apps have soared in popularity”可知，大脑训练类的应用程序人气急升，很受欢迎，由此可推断出，当你搜索“大脑训练”时，你会发现不计其数的应用程序。故选A项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像我们可能去健身房锻炼一样，每天的智力上的练习据说
50、会使大脑产生生理变化。A. outcome结果，成果；B. tryout试验，试用；C. workout锻炼，练习；D. outlook观点。根据前文的“go to the gym to exercise”可知，上文指的是去健身房进行身体上的锻炼，空格处指的是进行智力上的练习。故选C项。【23题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：你所要做的就是每天留出几分钟来完成智力游戏、记忆游戏和字谜游戏。A. set out出发，启程；B. set back使推迟；C. set off使爆炸；D. set aside留出。根据前文的“a daily mental _”可知，每天要进行智力上的练习，由此可推断
51、出是每天留出几分钟来完成智力游戏等练习。故选D项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：至少这是个主意。而且有很多人都在为它买账。A. buying买；B. engaging吸引住（注意力、兴趣）；C. overlooking忽略；D. inquiring询问。根据后文的“consumers spent an estimated $1.9 billion on brain training apps”可知，消费者在大脑训练应用程序上花费了很多钱，由此可推断出，很多人都在为这个主意买账，“buy into”意为“买入”。故选A项。【25题详解】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：例如，任天堂最近发布了第
52、四款有史以来最畅销的游戏Brain Age，并于上个月在日本的游戏机上发布。A. By contrast相比之下；B. For instance例如；C. Of course当然；D. In conclusion总而言之。上文说大脑训练游戏并不只是出现在智能手机上，空格后举例，大脑训练游戏也出现在游戏机上，例如任天堂最近发布的Brain Age，由此可推断出，空格处是在举例，For instance意为“例如”，符合语境。故选B项。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：改善智力健康的想法显然具有广泛的吸引力，但它是基于科学证据还是空洞的营销承诺？A. reliable可信赖的；B. prec
53、ious宝贵的；C. secret秘密的；D. empty空洞的。根据句中“scientific evidence”和连词“or”可知，作者这里是在提出疑问，这种想法是基于“科学证据”还是“空洞的营销承诺”，“empty”意为“空洞的”，与前文的科学证据形成对比。故选D项。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：2014年，斯坦福长寿研究中心发表了一封由69位国际神经科学家和认知心理学家签署的公开信。A. signed签署；B. secured获得，取得；C. received收到；D. sought寻找，寻求。根据后文内容可知，专家们认为，没有令人信服的科学证据表明玩脑力游戏可以提高日常生活中
54、的认知能力。由此可推断出，空格处应该是专家们“签署”了这份公开信，向公众公开这一看法，signed意为“签署”，动词词性。故选A项。【28题详解】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：两年后，另一组心理学家回顾了主要的大脑培训公司为支持他们的产品而引用的每项科学研究。A. in presence of在面前；B. in support of支持；C. in case of如果发生；D. in memory of纪念。根据句中“scientific study”可知，引用科学研究是为了“支持”他们的产品，in support of意为“支持”，符合语境。故选B项。29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：批评包
55、括样本量小，控制组不足，以及择优报告研究结果。A. expectation预料，预期；B. solution解决办法；C. criticism批评；D. standard标准。根据后文的“small sample sizes”和“inadequate control groups”可知，下文说的是这些公司引用的科学研究存在着“样本量小”和“控制组不足”的问题，由此可推断出，空格处应该是专家们针对这些研究的“批评”。故选C项。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：批评包括样本量小，控制组不足，以及择优报告研究结果。A. report报告；B. design设计；C. produce生产；D. n
56、egotiate谈判，协商。根据句中“cherry-picking research outcomes”可知，应该是挑选最有利的研究成果去“报告”，这样才能让人们相信公司的产品。故选A项。【31题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果它所引用的科学有如此严重的错误，为什么人们觉得有必要用这些应用程序和游戏来训练大脑呢？A. effortlessly毫不费力地；B. temporarily临时地；C. seriously严重地；D. unfairly不公平地。上文提到这些公司所引用的科学研究存在着样本量小，控制组不足，以及择优报告研究结果的问题，由此可推断出，它所引用的科学是“严重地”错误的。故选C
57、项。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Kings College London的教授Til Wykes认为，这是可以理解的。A. dependable可靠的；B. understandable可以理解的；C. comparable类似的，可比较的；D. achievable可达到的。下文Til Wykes以任天堂的Brain Age游戏为例，来解释为什么人们用游戏来训练大脑，由此可推断出，这里Til Wykes认为人们的这种行为是“可以理解的”。故选B项。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们可能一开始的“大脑年龄”得分为60分，经过几周的练习，他们会被告知已经将其降至40分。A.
58、experiment实验；B. theory理论；C. practice练习；D. performance表演。根据上文“Nintendos Brain Age game”可知，这里是以任天堂的Brain Age游戏为例，来解释为什么人们用游戏来训练大脑，由此可推断出，游戏应该是通过“练习”，使自己的大脑年龄更年轻。故选C项。【34题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，Wykes强调，对于那些真正担心自己认知能力的人来说，学习一门新语言会更有益处，这已经被证明可以改善大脑功能。A. altogether完全，全部；B. therefore因此；C. however然而；D. likewise同
59、样地。根据下文“learning a new language would be more beneficial”可知，Wykes强调，比起玩游戏，学习一门新语言对改善大脑功能更有益处，由此可推断出，这里Wykes的观点和上文“用应用程序和游戏来训练大脑”的观点为转折关系，故应用however。故选C项。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，Wykes强调，对于那些真正担心自己认知能力的人来说，学习一门新语言会更有益处，这已经被证明可以改善大脑功能。A. movement运动，移动；B. cooperation合作；C. evaluation评价，估计；D. function功能。本文主
60、要讲的是如何提高大脑的认知能力，根据句中“learning a new language would be more beneficial”可知，空格处指的是学习一门新语言能够对改善大脑“功能”更有益处。故选D项。Section B (12分，每题1.5分)Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B,
61、C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Math, Taught like FootballGrowing up, I thought math class was something to be endured, not enjoyed. I disliked memorizing formulas and taking tests, all for the dull goal of getting a good
62、 grade. But my problem wasnt with math itself. In fact, I spent countless hours as a child doing logic and math puzzles on my own, and as a teenager, when a topic seemed particularly interesting, I would go to the library and read more about it.By high school, none of my teachers questioned my mathe
63、matical talent, but none of them really encouraged it, either. No one told me that I could become a professional mathematician. What I wanted to do then was to play college football. My ambition was to get an athletic scholarship to attend a Big Ten school.The chances of that happening were very low
64、. In high school, I was just an above-average athlete and my high school was not a “feeder” school for college sports programs.That didnt stop me from dreaming, though. And it didnt stop my coaches from encouraging me to believe I could reach my goal, and preparing and pushing me to work for it. The
65、y made video tapes of my performances and sent them to college coaches around the country. It didnt matter that I didnt initially attract much interest from the big schools. My coaches kept picking up the phone, and kept convincing me to try to prove myself. In the end, a Big Ten school, Pennstate,
66、did offer me a scholarship.A growing body of research shows that students are affected by more than just the quality of a lesson plan. They also respond to the passion of their teachers and the engagement of their peers, and they seek a sense of purpose. They benefit from specific instructions, cons
67、tant feedback and a culture of earning that encourages resilience in the face of failure.Until I got to college, I didnt really know what mathematics was. I still thought of it as problem sets and laborious computations. Then one day, one of my professors handed me a book and suggested that I think
68、about a particular problem. It wasnt easy, but it was fascinating.My professor kept giving me problems, and I kept pursuing them. Before long, he was introducing me to problems that had never been solved before and urging me to find new techniques to help crack them.I am now a Ph. D. candidate in ma
69、thematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and I have published several papers in mathematical journals. I still feel that childlike excitement every time I complete a proof. I wish Id known this was possible when I was a kid.36. Why did the writer think math class in school was “someth
70、ing to be endured” before entering college?A. Because he wasnt interested in math.B. Because his math teachers didnt care to push him.C. Because he was too smart and talented for math class.D. Because he was training hard for an athletic scholarship.37. According to the writer, students are affected
71、 by the following things from teachers or coaches EXCEPT _.A. passionB. constant feedbackC. a sense of purposeD. specific instructions38. We can conclude that after entering college, the writer_.A. was busy looking for problem sets to crackB. began to realize what mathematics really isC. met with la
72、borious computations in his studiesD. studied on his own just as he was in high school39. What does “this” in the last sentence mean?A. Feeling the children excitement.B. Different mathematical research.C. Generating curiosity and creativity.D. Being a professional mathematician.【答案】36. B 37. C 38.
73、B 39. D【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了作者大学以前不喜欢数学，老师也没有逼他。作者希望数学老师更像足球教练那样给与他鼓励。学生不仅会受到教案质量的影响。他们还会对老师的热情和同龄人的参与做出反应，并寻求目标感。到了大学后，作者才真正知道数学是什么。它更接近于作者小时候独自做的数学和逻辑难题，它给了作者同样的好奇心和好奇心，它奖励了作者的创造力。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“By high school, none of my teachers questioned my mathematical talent, but none of them really encou
74、raged it, either. No one told me that I could become a professional mathematician.。到了高中，我的老师没有一个质疑过我的数学天赋，但也没有一个真正鼓励我的数学天赋。没有人告诉我，我可以成为一个专业数学家。”可知在学校的时候他的数学老师不愿意督促、逼迫他。故选B。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“A growing body of research shows that students are affected by more than just the quality of a lesson plan. T
75、hey also respond to the passion of their teachers and the engagement of their peers, and they seek a sense of purpose. They benefit from specific instructions and constant feedback(反馈). 越来越多的研究表明，影响学生的不仅仅是教学计划的质量。他们还会对老师的热情和同龄人的参与做出回应，他们还会寻求一种使命感。他们受益于特定的指令和持续的反馈。”可知他们受到老师的热情，具体的指导和同龄人不断的反馈的影响。而目标感是
76、学生自己的。故选C。【38题详解】细节理解题，根据第五段“Until I got to college, I didnt really know what mathematics was. 直到上了大学，我才真正知道数学是什么。”可知作者进入大学才开始意识到数学到底是什么，故选B。【39题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段“I am now a Ph. D. candidate in mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and I have published several papers in mathemati
77、cal journals. I still feel that childlike excitement every time I complete a proof. I wish Id known this was possible when I was a kid. 我现在在麻省理工学院攻读数学博士学位，我在数学期刊上发表过几篇论文。每当我完成一个证明，我仍然能感受到那种孩子般的兴奋。我希望在我还是个孩子的时候就知道这是可能的。”可知，划线处“this”指代上文提到的攻读数学博士，发表论文等，即成为一名专业的数学家。故选D。(B)Modern medicines ability to ke
78、ep us alive makes it tempting to think human evolution may have stopped. But if we look at the rate of our DNAs evolution, we can see that human evolution hasnt stopped it may even be happening faster than before.Evolution is a gradual change to the DNA of a species over many generations. It can occ
79、ur by natural selection, when certain traits created by genetic changes help an organism survive or reproduce. Such genes are thus more likely to be passed on to the next generation, so they increase in frequency in a population. Gradually, these changes and their associated traits become more commo
80、n among the whole group.By looking at global studies of our DNA, we can see evidence that natural selection has recently made changes and continues to do so. Though modern healthcare disrupts a key driving force of evolution by keeping some people alive longer, in countries without access to good he
81、althcare, populations are continuing to evolve. Survivors of infectious disease outbreaks drive natural selection by giving their genetic resistance to offspring. Our DNA shows evidence for recent selection for resistance of killer diseases like Lassa fever and malaria. Selection in response to mala
82、ria remains in regions where the disease remains common.Humans are also adapting to their environment. Gene change allowing humans to live at high altitudes have become more common in populations in Tibet, Ethiopia, and the Andes. The spread of genetic changes in Tibet is possibly the fastest evolut
83、ionary change in humans, occurring over the past 3,000 years. This rapid increase in frequency of a mutated gene that increases blood oxygen content gives locals a survival advantage in higher altitudes, resulting in more surviving children.Diet is another source for adaptations. Studies show that n
84、atural selection favoring a change allowing adults to produce lactase the enzyme (酶) that breaks down milk sugars is why some groups of people can digest milk. Over 80 per cent of northwest Europeans can, but in parts of East Asia, where milk is much less commonly drunk, an inability to digest lacto
85、se is the norm. Like high altitude adaptation, selection to digest milk has evolved more than once in humans and may be the strongest kind of recent selection.Yet, despite these changes, natural selection only affects about 8 per cent of our genome. But scientists cant explain why some genes are evo
86、lving much faster than others. We measure the speed of gene evolution by comparing human DNA with that of other species. One fast-evolving gene is human accelerated region 1 (HAR1), which is needed during brain development. A random section of human DNA is on average more than 98 per cent identical
87、to the chimp comparator, but HAR1 is so fast evolving that its only around 85 per cent similar. Though scientists can see these changes are happening and how quickly we still dont fully understand why fast evolution happens to some genes but not others.40. Which of the following statements may the a
88、uthor agree with?A. Evolution occurs among several people overnight.B. Genes may change and some are beneficial to peoples lives.C. Evolution is done when the whole population possesses a certain gene.D. The changed genes leading to higher survival rates are chosen deliberately.41. The underlined wo
89、rd “disrupts” in paragraph 3 can be best replaced by_.A. explainsB. causesC. upsetsD. heals42. The author illustrates humans ongoing evolution with the following examples EXCEPT that_.A. some people can resist infectious diseases like malariaB. children in Tibet tolerate living environments with thi
90、n airC. northwestern Europeans digest lactose better than East AsiansD. the human gene HAR1 resembles that of a chimp to a lesser extent43. Which of the following may serve as the title?A. What Is Natural Selection?B. Are Humans Still Evolving?C. Why Will Certain Genes Evolve?D. How Do Mutated Genes
91、 Function?【答案】40. B 41. C 42. D 43. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章作者通过分析研究和例子告诉读者：人类的进化还在进行，并没有停止。【40题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Evolution is a gradual change to the DNA of a species over many generations. It can occur by natural selection, when certain traits created by genetic changes help an organism survive or reproduce
92、. Such genes are thus more likely to be passed on to the next generation, so they increase in frequency in a population. Gradually, these changes and their associated traits become more common among the whole group.”（进化是一个物种的DNA在许多代中逐渐改变的过程。它可以通过自然选择发生，当遗传变化产生的某些特征帮助生物体生存或繁殖时。这样的基因更有可能传递给下一代，因此它们在种群
93、中出现的频率会增加。渐渐地，这些变化及其相关特征在整个群体中变得更加普遍。）可知，基因可能会改变，其中一些对人们的生活有益。故选B项。【41题详解】词义猜测题。划线后提及到“a key driving force of evolution”（进化的一个关键驱动力）在此应指代前文提及的“natural selection”（自然选择）。根据常识，人类通过现代医疗保健的方式来延长了一些人的寿命却也是对“自然选择”这一进化关键驱动力的“破坏”。故选C项。【42题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Survivors of infectious disease outbreaks drive natur
94、al selection by giving their genetic resistance to offspring. Our DNA shows evidence for recent selection for resistance of killer diseases like Lassa fever and malaria. Selection in response to malaria remains in regions where the disease remains common.”（传染病爆发的幸存者通过将他们的基因抗性传给后代来推动自然选择。我们的DNA显示了对致命
95、疾病如拉沙热和疟疾的抗性最近选择的证据。在疟疾仍然普遍的地区，针对疟疾的选择仍然存在。），文章第四段“Humans are also adapting to their environment. Gene change allowing humans to live at high altitudes have become more common in populations in Tibet, Ethiopia, and the Andes. The spread of genetic changes in Tibet is possibly the fastest evolutionar
96、y change in humans, occurring over the past 3,000 years. This rapid increase in frequency of a mutated gene that increases blood oxygen content gives locals a survival advantage in higher altitudes, resulting in more surviving children.”（人类也在适应环境。在西藏、埃塞俄比亚和安第斯山脉，允许人类生活在高海拔地区的基因改变已经变得越来越普遍。西藏基因变化的传播可
97、能是人类进化中最快的变化，发生在过去3000年里。这种增加血液含氧量的突变基因频率的快速增加，使当地人在高海拔地区具有生存优势，从而产生更多存活下来的孩子。）和文章第五段“Diet is another source for adaptations. Studies show that natural selection favoring a change allowing adults to produce lactase the enzyme (酶) that breaks down milk sugars is why some groups of people can digest m
98、ilk. Over 80 per cent of northwest Europeans can, but in parts of East Asia, where milk is much less commonly drunk, an inability to digest lactose is the norm. Like high altitude adaptation, selection to digest milk has evolved more than once in humans and may be the strongest kind of recent select
99、ion.”（饮食是适应的另一个来源。研究表明，自然选择有利于使成年人产生乳糖酶(一种分解牛奶糖的酶)的变化，这就是为什么某些群体的人能够消化牛奶。超过80%的西北欧人可以吃到乳糖，但在东亚部分地区，牛奶饮用的普及率要低得多，无法消化乳糖是常见现象。就像高原适应性一样，消化牛奶的选择在人类身上已经进化了不止一次，而且可能是最近最强烈的一种选择。）可知，抵抗某些传染病，适应环境以及饮食适应都是人类正在进化的例子。因此可以依次排除A，B和C。故选D项。【43题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Modern medicines ability to keep us alive makes it tem
100、pting to think human evolution may have stopped. But if we look at the rate of our DNAs evolution, we can see that human evolution hasnt stopped it may even be happening faster than before.”（现代医学让我们存活下来的能力让我们很容易认为人类的进化可能已经停止了。但如果我们看看我们DNA的进化速度，我们可以看到人类的进化并没有停止甚至可能比以前更快。）可知，作者提出观点：人类的进化并没有停止。接着作者分别从抵
101、抗传染病，适应环境以及饮食适应等例子来告诉读者，人类正在进化。因此B选项“人类还在进化吗”符合题意。故选B项。Section C (8分，每题2分)Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.(C)Top College Graduates Get Paid Mo
102、re, but do They Perform Better?Its generally believed that better universities attract better students and provide better training, so it makes sense to use the university rank as a predictor of employee performance. But is it a good hiring strategy? Do university rankings predict job performance? O
103、ur research suggests yes but only to a degree.In a recent study, we tested the relationship between the university rank and performance of graduates. We tracked the performance of 28,339 students from 294 universities that ranked from Top 10 to about top 20,000 in the Webometrics global university r
104、ankings. _44_Importantly, we captured not only the quality of the output, but a wide range of hard and soft competencies including cooperation with team members, leadership, language proficiency, technical skills, emotional intelligence, creativity, and more.Our results offer some comfort to the tra
105、ditional recruiters. After controlling for age, gender, and the year of study, we found that graduates from higher-ranked universities performed better, but only nominally and only on some dimensions of performance._45_The first was selection: higher-ranked universities usually can choose from a lar
106、ger pool of applicants, which leads to steeper competition and a higher quality of the incoming class. Corroborating the selectivity hypothesis, our data demonstrated that students at higher-ranked universities indeed score higher on general cognitive ability tests, have more international experienc
107、e, better English proficiency, and higher cultural intelligence.Second, higher-ranked universities should provide better training. Top universities employ better instructors, offer access to better-equipped facilities, attract better speakers and guests to campus, which in turn, should lead to bette
108、r training and subsequent performance.Finally, it might be expected that higher-ranked institutions might provide a more stimulating academic environment. _46_ Having notable, hardworking, celebrity-status professors, along with being around intelligent, highly-motivated, achievement-oriented peers,
109、 positively affects self-efficacy, motivation, effort, and work ethic.Despite their slightly better overall performance, hiring graduates from higher-ranked institutions could have a downside. Our data suggest that students from higher-ranked universities might damage team cooperation, sometimes car
110、elessly. _47_ In some instances, graduates from top universities tend to be less friendly, are more prone to conflict, and are less likely to identify with their team.A. Indeed, education is not only lectures and seminars.B. However, our study revealed no difference in the following aspects.C. They
111、clearly know that interpersonal relationships at work play a critical role in career success.D. They tend to excessively focus on the instrumental tasks, paying insufficient attention to interpersonal relationships.E We also found several reasons why the graduates from the top universities performed
112、 better than those from the lower-ranked schools.F. We observed the students performance for two months as they were working in global virtual teams on real-life business consulting projects.【答案】44. F 45. E 46. A 47. D【解析】这是一篇说明文。一项跟踪了294所大学28339名学生表现的研究发现，来在高排名大学的毕业生在某些方面的表现比来自低排名大学的学生好，并发现了导致这种现象的
113、原因。但是那些学生也有他们的短板，比如不那么关注人际关系，这时常破坏团队合作。【44题详解】根据上文“In a recent study, we tested the relationship between the university rank and performance of graduates. We tracked the performance of 28,339 students from 294 universities that ranked from Top 10 to about top 20,000 in the Webometrics global univers
114、ity rankings.”(在最近的一项研究中，我们测试了大学排名和毕业生之间表现的关系。我们跟踪了294所大学28339名学生的表现，这些大学在Webometrics全球大学排名中从前十到大约前两万不等。)可推知，下文应讲述在何种条件下观察学生的表现，以及时长等。F. We observed the students performance for two months as they were working in global virtual teams on real-life business consulting projects.(当学生在现实生活商业咨询项目的全球虚拟团队中工
115、作时，我们对学生的表现进行了为期两个月的观察)符合文意，选项的“observed the students performance”可对应上文的“tracked the performance of 28,339 students”。故选F。【45题详解】根据下文“The first was selection: higher-ranked universities usually can choose from a larger pool of applicants, which leads to steeper competition and a higher quality of the
116、 incoming class.”(首先是选择：排名高的大学通常可以从更多的申请者中进行选择，这就导致了激烈的竞争和更高质量的新生。)和第五段的“Second, higher-ranked universities should provide better training.”(其次，更高排名的大学应该提供了更好的培训)以及第六段的“Finally, it might be expected that higher-ranked institutions might provide a more stimulating academic environment.”(最后，排名更高的大学可能提
117、供更具有激发性的学术环境)可推知，设空处应该讲述该研究发现了几个高排名学校学生表现更好的原因，而下文是对它的详细阐述。E. We also found several reasons why the graduates from the top universities performed better than those from the lower-ranked schools.(我们还发现了几个来自顶尖大学的毕业生表现比低排名大学毕业生表现好的原因)符合文意。故选E。【46题详解】根据上文Finally, it might be expected that higher-ranked
118、institutions might provide a more stimulating academic environment.”(最后，排名更高的大学可能提供更具有激发性的学术环境)和下文“Having notable, hardworking, celebrity-status professors, along with being around intelligent, highly-motivated, achievement-oriented peers, positively affects self-efficacy, motivation, effort, and wo
119、rk ethic.”(有著名的、努力的和名人地位的教授，以及周围那些聪明的、非常上进的、以成就为导向的同龄人对自我效能感、动机、努力和职业道德都有积极的影响。)可推知，设空处应陈述教育不仅仅是常规的学习模式，例如听讲座和研讨会，而下文对这说法进行具体说明。A. Indeed, education is not only lectures and seminars.(的确，教育不仅是讲座和研讨会)符合文意。故选A。【47题详解】根据上文“Our data suggest that students from higher-ranked universities might damage team
120、 cooperation, sometimes carelessly.”(我们的数据表明，来自高排名大学的学生可能破坏团队合作，有时是粗心)可推知，设空处应讲述他们破环团队合作的原因。D. They tend to excessively focus on the instrumental tasks, paying insufficient attention to interpersonal relationships.(他们往往过度关注工具性任务，而对人际关系关注不足)符合文意，选项的“paying insufficient attention to interpersonal rela
121、tionships.”可对应上文的“damage team cooperation”。故选D。IV. Summary Writing (10分)48. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Classroom PetsWatching duck eggs hatch in a classroom was a
122、 “wow” experience that brought the topic to life, says Sarah Holmes, teacher in Derby High Schools primary department. Classrooms across the UK house a wide range of school pets: hamsters, fish, guinea pigs and even tortoises. But though they teach children about nature, it is not always a happy sto
123、ry, animal charities say, and it might be teaching children the wrong lessons.In some schools, animals die because the school cannot afford vets fees. The eggs at Derby High came from a company that provided detailed instructions on how to care or the ducklings and took them back to rear, but the se
124、rvice costs money not all schools can afford. The Potteries Guinea Pig Rescue based in Stoke-on-trent, has taken in a number of guinea pigs from schools in North Stafforshire that have found themselves unable to care for the animals. The schools thought it was a good idea until the animal experience
125、d health issues and they had to pay for vet treatment.Many teachers who keep classroom pets do so with good intentions. But as a matter of fact, a classroom simply isnt a suitable home for an animal. The sleep-wake cycles of nocturnal(夜间活动的) animals such as mice and hamsters are disturbed by bright
126、classroom lights and by pupils taking them out of their cages and handling them. Peta (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) says it hears complaints that animals have died after being over-handled or through accidents occurring when being played with. “I cant imagine many things worse than b
127、eing limited to a cage stuck in a noisy classroom all day,” one citizen said.Nevertheless, Debs Howe, a former biology teacher who now runs an egg hatching company, says that done responsibly, looking after animals can be an experience children dont forget. For children who may have issues accessing
128、 the curriculum often due to autism (自闭症) or emotional or behavioral issues, the hatching of chicks has an incredible effect. Its also particularly appealing to those who always live in cities with little access to farms or nature.【答案】Many British schools are teaching nature by raising classroom pet
129、s but it may cause problems. First, some pets die because the school cant pay for instruction service or health treatment. Second, bright lights and childrens over-handling make the classroom unsuitable for animal living. However, supporters believe with proper care, animal raising in classrooms can
130、 benefit some students.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，许多英国学校通过饲养课堂宠物来传授自然知识，但这可能会带来问题。首先，一些宠物的死亡是因为学校无法支付指导服务或健康治疗费用。第二，明亮的灯光和孩子们的过度操作使教室不适合动物生活。然而，支持者认为，在教室里饲养动物，如果得到适当的照顾，可以使一些学生受益。【详解】1 要点摘录But though they teach children about nature, it is not always a happy story, animal charities say, and it might be
131、teaching children the wrong lessons.In some schools, animals die because the school cannot afford vets fees. The sleep-wake cycles of nocturnal(夜间活动的) animals such as mice and hamsters are disturbed by bright classroom lights and by pupils taking them out of their cages and handling them. Neverthele
132、ss, Debs Howe, a former biology teacher who now runs an egg hatching company, says that done responsibly, looking after animals can be an experience children dont forget. 2.缜密构思将每个要点结合所在段落内容进行整合。3.遣词造句Many British schools are teaching nature by raising classroom pets but it may cause problems. First
133、, some pets die because the school cant pay for instruction service or health treatment.Second, bright lights and childrens over-handling make the classroom unsuitable for animal living. However, supporters believe with proper care, animal raising in classrooms can benefit some students.【点睛】高分句型1：Ma
134、ny British schools are teaching nature by raising classroom pets but it may cause problems.运用连词but连接两个并列分句对原文第一段进行了概括。其中介词by后接动名词结构表达高级。高分句型2：However, supporters believe with proper care, animal raising in classrooms can benefit some students.用副词however表示转折，陈述支持者的观点并对文章最后一段进行了概括。其中宾语从句的运用和动名词作主语的表达非
135、常高级。V. Translation (15分，第一,二题3分，第三题4分，第四题5分)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.49. 玛丽的评论不被别人的意见所影响。(independent) (汉译英)【答案】Marys comment was independent of other peoples opinions.【解析】【详解】考查名词所有格、固定短语和时态。表示“玛丽的评论”应用名词所有格Marys comment，在句中作主
136、语；表示“不被所影响”应用固定短语be independent of，在句中作谓语，句子陈述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时，comment为可数名词单数，故be用was；表示“别人的意见”应用名词所有格other peoples opinions，在句中作宾语，别人的意见不止一个，opinion用复数opinions。故翻译为Marys comment was independent of other peoples opinions.50. 虽然有很多顾客投诉他态度不好，但他却感激他们帮助了他。(appreciate) (汉译英)【答案】Although many customers com
137、plained about his bad attitude, he appreciated their helping him.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查状语从句、时态、固定短语和非谓语动词。“虽然”引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”应用连词although；表示“顾客”应用名词customer；表示“投诉”用动词短语complain about；表示“不好的态度”应用bad attitude；表示“感激”应用动词appreciate，接动名词作宾语，表示“他们帮助了他”应用动名词复合结构their helping him；分析句子可知用一般过去时，故翻译为Although many cust
138、omers complained about his bad attitude, he appreciated their helping him.【点睛】51. 人们绝不该追逐这种时尚潮流，它会导致一些濒危动物的灭绝。(By no means) (汉译英)【答案】By no means should people follow the fashion trend, because it will lead to the extinction of some endangered animals.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查固定短语，动词和名词。表示“绝不”用by no means；表示“追逐
139、”应用follow；表示“时尚潮流”应用the fashion trend；后半句是原因状语从句，用because引导；表示“导致”应用lead to；表示“灭绝”应用extinction；表示“濒危动物”应用endangered animals。by no means置句首，主句倒装，情态动词should提到主语之前，后半句应用一般将来时。故翻译为By no means should people follow the fashion trend, because it will lead to the extinction of some endangered animals.【点睛】52
140、. 正是在特殊时期，我抵制了网络游戏的诱惑，按照自己的节奏学习，才让我培养了自律，并且获得成就和满足感。(It) (汉译英)【答案】It was during the special time when I resisted the temptation of online games and learned at my own pace that I cultivated self-discipline and gained a sense of achievement and satisfaction.【解析】【详解】考查固定短语、强调句和时态。根据提示词It和句意可知使用强调句，结构为：
141、It is +被强调部分+that/who+其他，本句强调的时间状语，表示“在特殊时期”短语应为during the special time;表示“抵制的诱惑”短语应为resist the temptation of；表示“按照自己的节奏”应用短语at my own pace;根据句意，被强调部分还需要使用一个定语从句，用关系副词when指代先行词time并在从句中作时间状语，表示“培养自律”应用cultivate self-discipline；表示“获得成就感和满足”应用gain a sense of achievement and satisfaction,此时cultivate和gain并列作主句的谓语，语境表明陈述的是过去的事情，应该用一般过去时。故翻译为It was during the special time that I resisted the temptation of online games and learned at my own pace that I cultivated self-discipline and gained a sense of achievement and satisfaction.