1、Section Grammar被动语态()&直接引语与间接引语语 境 自 主 领 悟先观察原句后自主感悟1.By the time it ended，more than 700 people had been killed and 2，700 had been injured.2.By the late 1890s，he had moved to Galveston，where he died in 1899，a year before the hurricane struck.3.He said that eleven thousand people lived there and six
2、thousand had left the week before.4.The reporter asked when people would be able to return home.1.2句采用了过去完成时，其构成形式为：主语had done。2.1句采用了过去完成时的被动语态，其构成形式为：主语had been done。3.3、4句均为直接引语变间接引语的句子，在变间接引语时，人称、时态、语序等方面都要做相应的变化。一、过去完成时的被动语态1构成： hadbeen过去分词2用法：表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的被动动作。常用于before，after，by the tim
3、e，when等引导的状语从句中，且谓语动词是一般过去时，以及by，before，until过去的时间点。When she got home，she found that her keys had been left in her office.当她到家时，她发现自己的钥匙忘在办公室里了。By 16：30，which was almost closing time，nearly all the paintings had been sold.到下午四点半，差不多营业时间结束的时候，几乎所有的画都已经卖光了。The newspaper reported more than 1，000 people
4、 had been killed in the hurricane.报纸报道说有一千多人在飓风中丧生。名师点津在“It was the first/second.time that.”句型中。此句型主句用一般过去时，that引导的定语从句中，主语和谓语构成动宾关系时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。It was the third time that he had been beaten black and blue.那是他第三次被打得青一块紫一块的。即时演练1单句语法填空By the end of last year，10，000 trees had been planted (plant) in
5、 that village.His village had been flooded (flood) in the heavy rain，so he moved to his parents house.二、直接引语与间接引语直接引述别人的原话，叫作直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话叫作间接引语。直接引语如改为间接引语，必须在语序、人称、时态和状语方面做相应变化。1直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时由连词that引导(that可省略)。Mary said to her friends，“I dont like computers.” Mary said to her friends that sh
6、e didnt like computers.2直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时变成if/whether引导的宾语从句(从句中须用陈述语序)。They asked him，“Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil？”They asked him if/whether it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.3直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时特殊疑问句变为由who，whom，when，where，why，how等疑问词引导的宾语从句(从句中须用陈述语序)。“When do y
7、ou harvest the wheat？”they asked him.They asked him when he harvested the wheat.4直接引语是祈使句，变间接引语时变为“主语ask/order/tell/beg等宾语动词不定式”句型。He said，“Do it now and dont put it off until tomorrow.” He told me to do it then and not to put it off until the next day.5直接引语变间接引语时，时态的变化如下：直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行
8、时一般过去时过去完成时过去进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时名师点津直接引语是客观真理、谚语或名人名言时，变成间接引语时时态不变。当直接引语中有具体的过去时间作状语时，间接引语仍然用一般过去时。6指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等的变化：直接引语间接引语thisthatthesethosenowthentoday that dayyesterdaythe day beforelast yearthe year beforeagobeforetomorrowthe next daynext monththe next monthhere therecomeg
9、obringtake即时演练2句型转换“I like reading adventure stories，” said John.John said (that) he liked reading adventure stories.“You have finished the homework，havent you？”my mother asked.My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.“Do you go to school by bus or by bike？”he asked me.He asked me whet
10、her I went to school by bus or by bike.单句语法填空1The floor looked clean，because it had been cleaned(clean) before we arrived.2When I got up this morning，I found that the rain had stopped (stop) and the sun was shining.3By the time the letter reached you，I had left (leave)the country.4As soon as she hea
11、rd the news that her lost baby had been found(find)，the excited mother burst into tears.5. My parents asked me who would help(help) me if I didnt help myself?6When I got to the theatre，I found the tickets had been sold(sell) out.7How was the journey?Tiring! I caught the train at the last second and
12、all the seats had been occupied (occupy)I stood all the way.8The policeman asked the woman whether/if there was anything wrong.9The teacher told us that light travels(travel) much faster than sound.10Tony told his teacher that he would go(go) to Beijing by plane the next weekend.单句改错1The teacher tol
13、d me that I must pay more attention to his pronunciation.hismy2It was reported that more than 1，000 people had killed in the tornado.killed前面加been3He said that some bridges had washed away after the storm.had后加been4The teacher asked the students that they were interested in English.thatwhether/if5Jo
14、hn told me that he is going to see the film a second time.iswas6He said that he had bought the house 10 years ago.agobefore7The teacher told us that the sun was bigger than the moon.wasis8Mary told me that she move to London next year.she后加would9. Though he was just a poor newsboy，he had taught some good things.taught前加been10John asked me that whether I would like to visit his uncles farm with him.去掉that