1、专题七定语从句考点一关系代词引导的定语从句1who，whom，whose引导的定语从句(1)who或whom均可指代人，但who在从句中作主语或宾语，whom在从句中作宾语；两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。作主语时，who/that不可省略；作宾语时，whom/who/that可以省略。Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school who/whom/that I met in the English speech contest last year.我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中结识的同校同学成
2、了好朋友。I have many friends to whom Im going to send post cards.我有很多我打算给寄贺卡的朋友。(2)whose表所属关系，一般指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。指物时相当于of which；指人时相当于of whom。(2016全国甲卷)I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect other students.我在班上有一位意想不到的助教，他的创造性经常感染其他的学生。2that，which引导的定语从句(1)which指物，在
3、从句中可以作主语、宾语，也可作定语，作宾语时可以省略。that指人或物均可，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语，作宾语时可以省略。She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had been constructed three years before.她带着这些游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆。(2016天津高考)Every day I practiced reading and writing，which I used to avoid as much as possible.每天我都练习过去尽量避免去做的阅读和写作。(2)限制性定
4、语从句中，关系代词只用that不用which的情况：先行词为不定代词anything，nothing，something，everything，all，some，none，little，few，the one等时。I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone elses fault.我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hil
5、l.他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。先行词被the only，the very，the last，the same，any，every，each，few，little，no，some，all等修饰时。The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert.这顿饭只有甜点是我真正爱吃的。先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。They will never forget the things and persons that theyve seen or heard of during their long journey.他
6、们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。(3)关系代词只用which而不用that的情况：关系词引导非限制性定语从句时。The boy was away from home for a week，which worried his parents very much.这个男孩离家一个星期了，这使他父母很担心。关系代词前有介词时。We live in an age in which more information is available with greater ease than ever before.我们生活在一个信息比以前更容易获得的时代。3as引导的定语从句(1)a
7、s可以引导限制性定语从句，常用于“so/such/the same先行词as.”结构中。Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.像在我们车间使用的机器是中国制造的。which引导定语从句代指前面整句话的内容时只能位于主句之后。He kept lying to me，which annoyed me greatly.他总是对我说谎，这事使我很恼火。(2)as也可以引导非限制性定语从句，定语从句说明整个句子，可放在主句之前、之中或之后。常用的这种类似插入语的句式有：as the saying goes，as is sa
8、id above，as is mentioned above，as often happens，as is often the case，as is reported in the newspaper等。“You cant judge a book by its cover，”as the old saying goes.正如老话所说的那样：“人不可貌相。”考点二关系副词引导的定语从句1where引导的定语从句where表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词in/at/on.which”。(2016天津高考)I went to a special school where I got
9、plenty of extra help.我去了一所特殊学校，在那里我得到了足够的额外帮助。当先行词为situation，case，stage，point，activity，atmosphere等抽象名词，且引导词在定语从句中表示事情发生的情况、阶段等时，常用关系副词where引导。You reach a point where medicine cant help.你到了药物无法治疗的地步。2when引导的定语从句when表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词in/at/on/during.which”结构。(2016天津高考)We will put off the picnic i
10、n the park until next week，when the weather may be better.我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好。3why引导的定语从句why表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词forwhich”结构。Do you know the reason why/for which he didnt attend the meeting?你知道他没参加会议的原因吗？非限制性定语从句中，用for which表示原因而不用why。I had told them the reason，for which I didnt attend the
11、meeting.我把理由告诉了他们，为此我没有去开会。考点三介词关系代词引导的定语从句1介词和关系代词的确定若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词whose名词”结构。一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：(1)先行词的意义；(2)从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配；(3)句子的意思。Trading leather shoes is the business to which the Greens are devoted.皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事业。(be devoted to“献身，致力于
12、”)I wish to thank Professor Smith，without whose help I would never have gone this far.我希望感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助，我永远不会走这么远。Recently I bought an ancient vase，whose price(the price of which)was very reasonable.最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。2“of关系代词”引导的定语从句在some，any，few，little，none，all，both，neither，many，most，each等代词或数词的前
13、、后表示整体与部分的关系可以用of which/whom。John invited about 40 people to his wedding，most of whom are family members.约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼，他们当中绝大部分是家庭成员。3“介词where”引导的定语从句有时“介词where”可以引导定语从句，此时要和“介词which”引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。His head soon appeared out of the window，from where he saw nothing but trees.他的头很快从窗口探了出来，从那里除了树木他
14、什么也看不到。(from where相当于from out of the window，而不是from the window)核心考点针对练.单句语法填空1(2017江西红色七校一联)There，lying in the muddy river bed was a little dog about two months old， front legs were tightly tied with ropes.2(2017汕头二模)Sierra Leone is a country basic health facilities are lacking and many people are s
15、truggling with poverty.3(2017赣州二模)We have a living room，two bedrooms with wonderful balconies and a kitchen， my mom always cooks great delicious food.4(2017青岛一模)On looking at the spot the bird had risen，I saw two eggs.5(2017烟台质检)The heartwarming story began in September last year a woman asked the p
16、rimary school in her neighborhood to accept her sixyearold son.6(2017青岛质检)Some of the teachers at the college asked Dr.Naismith to invent a game can be played indoors.7(2017皖北协作区联考)If the earth is poisoned，the water，the food and the animals will be poisoned， means that we who poison the earth will b
17、e poisoned too.8(2017温州返校联考)Those motorcycles， a huge umbrella is fixed，are a huge threat to people walking in the street.9(2017渭南一模)Im sorry not to have replied to your letter earlier，for ，I must say，I apologize. 【导学号：92872188】10(2017怀化一模)Almost every teenager will experience a period in their life
18、 they arent content with their parents.【答案】1whose2where3where4where5when6that/which7which8where9which10when.单句改错1Toms mother kept telling him that he should work hard，that didnt work. 2This is the factory where I visited last week. 3I can recognize the book.That is the same English book as he borrow
19、s from the school library. 4The problem about that I consulted you has now been solved. 5We will start at the point which we left off last time. 【导学号：92872189】 【答案】1thatwhich2wherethat/which或去掉where3asthat4thatwhich5whichwhere高考题型综合练.语法填空We are probably guilty at some points in our lives about not c
20、aring for the environment as much as we should.Perhaps we drop litter without thinking，or cause pollution by using our cars when its not necessary.However，the real environmental 1 (criminal)are those big businesses 2 ignore the law.For many years，politicians 3 (attempt)to protect the environment by
21、making the businesses responsible 4 making sure that the chemicals they use dont add to the destruction of the environment. 5 problem for the businesses is that the protection of the environment costs money，and the businesses will always try to 6 (low)their costs if they can.Some of them do this 7 (
22、simple)by putting chemicals into rivers when they have finished with them，leading to the 8 (create)of major problems.Although government inspectors may try to catch them 9 (do)it，it can be very difficult 10 (get)proof that a particular business is responsible for an environmental problem.【语篇解读】本篇短文说
23、明了企业和政府在环境保护方面的相关责任，解释了环境污染出现的主要原因和目前监督治理方面存在的一些问题。1criminals2which/that3have been attempting4for5The6lower7simply8creation9doing10to get.短文改错 Last week，my friend asked me to visit her hometown with she.She told me that her hometown was very beautiful，I asked for my parents permission and they agree
24、d.We decided to stay for a week.Because left home for the first time made me so happy，I was like a bird flying in a sky and breathing the free air.But when the fourth day come，I started to miss my parents，especially when night was came.The darkness made me feel alone，and I just wanted to be with my
25、parents.Until then do I realize that home is sweet and my parents are the most adorable persons.It is well to get home for me.What excited I was when I knew I could go home!【答案】Last week，my friend asked me to visit her hometown with .She told me that her hometown was very beautiful，,so) I asked for
26、my parents permission and they agreed.We decided to stay for a week.Because home for the first time made me so happy，I was like a bird flying in sky and breathing the free air.But when the fourth day ，I started to miss my parents，especially when night came.The darkness made me feel ，and I just wanted to be with my parents.Until then I realize that home is sweet and my parents are the most adorable persons.It is to get home for me. excited I was when I knew I could go home! 【导学号：92872190】