1、第二部分语法专项突破第三板块理清复杂句式专题二定语从句 对 点 训 练 .单句语法填空(高考真题改编)1. (2019年天津卷)Their child is at the stage _ she can say individual words but not full sentences. 解析：句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不是完整句子的阶段。stage表示“阶段”，后接定语从句时，应该用关系副词where引导。答案：where2. (2019年北京卷) The students benefitting most from college are those _ are totall
2、y engaged (参与) in academic life, taking full advantage of the colleges chances and resources (资源). 解析：先行词为those，指大学生们，故用who引导定语从句，who在从句中作主语。关系代词that可以指人，填that也可以。答案：who/that3. (2019年浙江卷)Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways. A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the
3、edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth _ gives off light in the dark. 解析：空处后面的内容用来修饰a piece of cloth，而且在从句中作主语，所以用that或which来引导。答案：that/which4. (2019年全国卷)Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am. to 5 pm. daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, _ she opened with her late husband Les. 解析：分析句子结构可知，逗号后是
4、非限制性定语从句，the pet shop是先行词，定语从句中缺少opened的宾语，故用which引导非限制性定语从句。答案：which5. (2019年全国卷)They were well trained by their masters _ had great experience with caring for these animals. 解析：分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，修饰指人的先行词their masters，且在从句中作主语，故填关系代词who或that。答案：who/that6. (2018年全国卷)Two of the authors of the review
5、 also made a study published in 2014 _ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.解析：分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是a study，指物，且在从句中作主语，故填that或which。答案：that/which7. (2018年江苏卷)Selfdriving is an area _ China and the rest of the world are
6、 on the same starting line.解析：句意：无人驾驶是一个中国和世界上其他国家处于同一条起跑线上的领域。空处引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词an area。将先行词代入定语从句后为：China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line in the area。由此可知，先行词与表地点的介词in一起在定语从句中作地点状语，所以要用关系副词where。答案：where8. (2018年北京卷)She and her family bicycle to work, _ helps them keep fit.解析
7、：句意：她和家人都骑自行车上班，这有助于他们保持健康。根据题干可知，从句修饰的是前面的整句话，“她和家人骑自行车上班”这件事充当了定语从句中的主语成分，且此定语从句前出现逗号，是非限制性定语从句，所以用which引导。答案：which9. (2018年天津卷)Kate, _ sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.解析：句意：凯特去澳大利亚工作了。上大学期间我和她妹妹住同一房间。先行词为Kate，将先行词代入定语从句后为：I shared a room with Kat
8、es sister when we were at college。由此可见，关系词在定语从句中作定语，先行词指人，故填关系代词whose。答案：whose10. (2017年全国卷)Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, _ is not good for the health.解析：分析句子结构可知，空处所填词引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语，且指代整个主句的内容，故填关系代词which。答案：which11. (2017年全国卷)But Sarah, _ has taken part in shows alon
9、g with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.解析：引导词代替先行词在从句中作主语，且指人，故填who。答案：who12. (2017年北京卷)The little problems _ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.解析：句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。此句是定语从句，从句缺少宾语，先行词是The little problems，故填that或which。答案：th
10、at/which13. (2017年天津卷)My eldest son, _ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.解析：空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词son，空处在从句中作定语修饰work，故填关系代词whose。答案：whose14. (2017年江苏卷)In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.解析：先行词是the World Food Pro
11、gramme，空处在定语从句中作定语，这里限定purposes，故填whose。答案：whose15. (2016年全国卷)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s, _ I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.解析：先行词是表示时间的the mid1980s，且从句中缺少状
12、语，故填关系副词when。答案：when16. (2016年全国卷)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, _ lived from roughly 551 to 479BC., influenced the development of chopsticks.解析：后面是非限制性定语从句，先行词指人，且在从句中作主语，故填who。答案：who17. (2016年浙江卷)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears,
13、none of _ has been proved.解析：句意：人类为什么能哭出眼泪，关于这一点科学家们提出了很多理论，但没有一个得到证实。分析句子结构可知，逗号后是“代词ofwhich/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句。先行词是many theories，指物，故关系代词只能用which。答案：which18. (2016年北京卷)I live next door to a couple _ children often make a lot of noise.解析：句意：我住在一对夫妇的隔壁，他们的孩子经常吵吵闹闹。whose引导定语从句，且在从句中作children的定语。答案：whos
14、e19. (2016年天津卷)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, _ the weather may be better.解析：句意：我们将把去公园的野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能更好。分析句子成分可知，定语从句中缺少时间状语，故用when引导。答案：when20. (2015年全国卷)Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li Rive
15、r _ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.解析：先行词为mountain tops and dark waters，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，因此答案为that或which。答案：that/which.单句改错1. (2019年全国卷)One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. _解析：One afternoon是表示时间的名词，后面的定语从句应用when引导。答案：wherewhen2. (20
16、19年全国卷)In the caf， customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them._解析：先行词是the historical environment，定语从句中缺少主语，故用that或which。what可以引导宾语从句、表语从句等，但不可以引导定语从句。答案：whatthat/which3. (2018年全国卷)They also had a small pond, which they raised fish._解析：关系词在定语从句中作状语，故可用关系副词w
17、here，也可在which前加in，此时关系词在定语从句中作介词的宾语。答案：whichwhere或which前加in4. (2017年全国卷)In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house._解析：此处是非限制性定语从句，且关系代词在从句中作主语，指代上文中的garden，所以用which引导该定语从句。答案：thatwhich5. (2017年全国卷)Around me in the picture a
18、re the things they were very important in my life at that time._解析：things后是定语从句，先行词指物，关系代词在从句中作主语，应用that或which引导。答案：theythat/which6. (2016年四川卷)The dishes what I cooked were Moms favorite._解析：先行词是 the dishes，指物，关系词在定语从句中作宾语，故应用that或which引导，也可省略关系词。答案：whatwhich/that或去掉what7Third，we should find ways to
19、 reuse the water used in washing, especially bath water for which is quite a lot, and that will save much water._解析：先行词是bath water, 定语从句中缺少主语，应用that或which引导，介词for多余。答案：去掉for8There, Katia will introduce me to some of her friends, one of who has been to China several times. I just cant wait._解析：先行词指人，介词后的关系代词用whom，不用who。答案：whowhom9He lived in London for 3 months, during that time he learned some English._解析：先行词指代3 months, 故介词后的关系代词用which。答案：thatwhich10Do you know the things and persons whom they are talking about?_解析：先行词既包含人又包含物，定语从句由关系代词that引导，关系代词that在从句中作宾语，也可以省略关系代词。答案：whomthat或去掉whom