1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家(一)名词.单句语法填空1(2018全国卷)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes (cause)解析：此处的cause是可数名词，表示“原因”。根据其前的all可知，应该使用复数形式，故填causes。2(2018浙江卷)M
2、aking Chinese dishes (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.解析：此处dish是可数名词，其前无限定词，故用其复数形式泛指中国菜。3(2017全国卷)This trend, which was started by the medical community (医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects (effect) such as overweight and heart diseasethe very th
3、ing the medical community was trying to fight.解析：根据空格前面的some以及空格后面列举的两个例子“overweight and heart disease”可知，应用effect的复数形式。4(2017全国卷)In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London.It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds (crowd) o
4、n the roads above as they travelled to and from work.解析：根据空格前面的形容词terrible可知此处填名词，crowd表示“人群”，是可数名词，前面没有限定词，所以用名词的复数形式。5(2016全国卷)The nursery team switches him every few days (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed, the other is with mumshe never suspects.解析：every few days表示“每隔几天”，
5、此处应该使用名词的复数形式days。.单句改错1(2019全国卷)All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, saying that I had a talent for football.playerplayers解析：player为可数名词，且此处被all所修饰，故把player改为players。2(2019全国卷)Since I was a kid, Ive considered different job I would like to do.jobjobs解析：job为可数名词，且根据different可知，此
6、处应用job的复数形式。3(2019全国卷)I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city. citycities解析：city为可数名词，根据修饰词many different可知，此处应该用名词的复数形式，故将city改为cities。4(2019全国卷)Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher very much.fivefifth解析：根据句意“在我上五年级的时候，我想当一名老
7、师，因为我非常喜欢我的英语老师。”可知要用序数词，故改为fifth。5(2018全国卷)When I was little，Fridays night was our family game night.FridaysFriday解析：名词Friday作定语修饰night，意为“周五晚上”。6(2018全国卷)Last winter when I went there again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.chickenchickens解析：短语dozens of之后应该使用可数名词chicken“鸡”的
8、复数形式。7(2018全国卷)After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room.sortsorts解析：由前面的all修饰可数名词sort可知，应用sort的复数形式；all sorts意为“各种各样的”。8(2018全国卷)At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, “The classroom is a place for learning and that includes learning from textbooks, and
9、mistake as well.”mistakemistakes解析：and连接两个平行成分，前面的textbooks为复数，故可数名词mistake“错误”应改为mistakes。9(2017全国卷)The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turn left！”wordwords解析：根据后面引号内的内容可知教练一直重复说的话有多句，故此处应用word的复数形式。10(2016全国卷)The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time
10、 for me.yearyears解析：此处指1319岁的年龄，且其后be动词为were，故用year的复数形式。1规则名词的六种变化形式(1)一般情况下，在词尾直接加s: bookbooks, mouthmouths, househouses, girlgirls。(2)以s，x，ch，sh结尾的名词，在词尾加es：glassglasses, boxboxes, matchmatches, brushbrushes。(3)以辅音字母y结尾的名词，变y为i再加es：citycities, countrycountries, partyparties, factoryfactories。(4)以
11、o结尾的名词常在词尾加s：radios, zoos, pianos, kilos, photos，加es的只有以下词：heroes, Negroes, tomatoes, potatoes, zeroes/zeros。(5)以f，fe结尾的名词少数直接加s：roofroofs, beliefbeliefs。一般以f或fe结尾的名词要变f或fe为ves ：self, life, thief, wife, knife, leaf, shelf，wolf, half。巧学助记 为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和一片树叶站在架子上，把狼劈成两半。下列以f结尾的名词既可以变f为v后再加es，也可
12、以直接在f后加s：handkerchiefhandkerchiefs/handkerchieves, scarfscarfs/scarves。(6)“man/womann.”变复数时，作定语的man/woman和中心词都要变复数：women engineers。2不规则名词的三种复数变化(1)单复数同形的名词deer(鹿)，sheep(绵羊)，means(方式)，Chinese(中国人)等。(2)改变元音或辅音的名词footfeet, childchildren, manmen, mousemice, toothteeth, womanwomen(3)合成名词的复数形式若有中心词，则把中心词变
13、成复数；若无中心词，则把最后一个词变成复数。passerbypassersby, sisterinlawsistersinlaw，grownupgrownups名师指津 fish表示不同种类的鱼时，其复数形式为fishes，而表示同一种鱼时，其单复数形式相同。具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考到的有：单词抽象名词具体化名词意义success 成功成功的人或事pleasure乐趣令人高兴的事attraction吸引有吸引力的人或事物beauty美；美丽美丽的人或事物comfort安慰；慰藉令人感到安慰的人或事物danger危险危险的人或因素deligh
14、t高兴令人高兴的事 failure失败失败的人或事物surprise惊奇令人惊奇的事情 shock震惊令人震惊的事情pride骄傲令人骄傲的事情1有生命的名词的三种所有格情况构成示例不以s结尾的名词加sMarys emailChildrens books以s结尾的复数名词加the girls dormitorythe teachers readingroom以s结尾的单数名词加s或our boss officeEngelss works2.无生命的名词的三种所有格通常用of所有格表示The capital of Peru is Lima, which is in the north on th
15、e coast.秘鲁的首都是利马，位于北部沿海地区。表示时间、距离、国家、城市、机构、节日等的名词通常用s所有格表示。Beijings parks北京的公园the factorys output工厂的产量3双重所有格双重所有格的构成形式为：名词of名词的所有格/名词of名词性物主代词He is a friend of my fathers.他是我父亲的一个朋友。(二)冠词.单句语法填空1(2019全国卷)Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one i
16、s increasing, and nine lack enough data.解析：考查冠词。此处表示特指，故用定冠词the。2(2019全国卷)She said, “We dont have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call saying she was shortlisted, we thought it was a joke.”解析：考查冠词。joke为可数名词，在本句中为泛指，且joke的读音以辅音音素开头，故本空应用不定冠词a。3(2018全国卷)Corn production has jumped nearl
17、y 125 percent over the past 25 years，while rice has increased only 7 percent.解析：the past 25 years意为“过去的25年”，此处特指过去的25年。4(2018全国卷)Im facetoface with the gorilla，who begins screaming at the top of her lungs.解析：at the top of ones lungs尽量大声地，声嘶力竭地。5(2017全国卷)Instead，she is earning 6,500 a day as a model
18、in New York.解析：此处意为“作为纽约的一名模特”，在单数可数名词model前应该使用不定冠词a，表示“一，一名”。6(2017浙江卷)For Pahlsson，its return was a wonder.解析：wonder为可数名词，表示“奇迹，奇事”，此处为泛指，故要用不定冠词a。7(2016全国卷)The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed，the other is with mumshe never suspects.解析
19、：此处表示双胞胎大熊猫中的另一只，两者之间的“另一个”应该使用the other。8(2016全国卷)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for a while，exercising，or doing something you enjoy.解析：for a while为固定搭配，意为“一会儿”。.单句改错1(2019全国卷)Suddenly football feel just in front of me but almost hit me.在football前加a解析：此处表示“一个足球”，表示泛指，且football的
20、读音以辅音音素开头，故在football前加不定冠词a。2(2019全国卷)Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style.ana解析：unique的发音以辅音音素开头，故把an改为a。3(2018全国卷)During my last winter holiday，I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.countryside前加定冠词the解析：the countryside是固定用法，意为“乡下，农村”。4(2017全国卷)T
21、hey live far from the school，and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.第一个aan/one解析：hour的读音以元音音素开头，且是可数名词，所以表示一个小时用an/one hour。5(2017全国卷)I still remember how hard first day was.first前加the/my解析：表示第几天，序数词前要加定冠词the或者用限定词进行修饰。6(2016全国卷)But in that case，we will learn little about
22、world.world前加the解析：此处特指我们所生活的这个世界。7(2016全国卷)At the first，I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.去掉the解析：at first “起初”，为固定短语。1不定冠词的三种基本用法(1)表示类指，或指某类中的任何一个。A virus is a very small living thing that causes disease.病毒是一种引发疾病的微生物。(2)表示泛指。当说话人第一次提及某人或某物时通常用不定冠词，因此由不定冠词构成的名词词组往往带有不
23、确定的含义，相当于a certain。The story happened in a small town in Victoria.故事发生在维多利亚的一个小镇上。(3)表示数量。不定冠词表示“一”这个数量，但数的概念没有one强烈。I watch TV for sixteen or seventeen hours a day.我一天要看十六七个小时的电视。2不定冠词的活用(1)用在某些抽象名词或物质名词前，使之具体化。He suddenly appeared on a rainy night, which was a great surprise to us.他在一个雨夜突然出现，这使我们非
24、常吃惊。(2)不定冠词用于序数词前，强调“再一，又一”。After ten minutes, a third man stood up and left the room.大约10分钟后，又一个人站起来离开了房间。(3)当表示一日三餐的名词和专有名词前有形容词修饰的时候，用不定冠词。Im sure this outing will last long, so bring a packed lunch.我敢肯定这次郊游会持续很长时间，所以请带上自备的午餐。(4)表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前有修饰语的时候，用不定冠词。a peaceful world一个和平的世界a bright moon一轮
25、明月3不定冠词的习惯搭配as a result因此as a rule通常as a whole总体上 as a matter of fact事实上at a loss不知所措 in a hurry匆忙in a word总之 in a sense在某种意义上in a way在某种程度上 in a short while不久keep an eye on照看，留意 pay a visit to拜访put an end to结束 once in a while偶尔once upon a time从前 all of a sudden突然1定冠词的四种基本用法(1)表示特指的人或物，或者双方都知道的或心中都明
26、白的人或物或者指上文已经提到过的人或事物。Do you know the man standing at the gate of the door?你认识那个站在门口的人吗？I went to a university in New Zealand. The university was set up in the early twentieth century.我在新西兰的一所大学学习。这所大学是二十世纪初建立的。(2)用在世界上独一无二的名词前。The earth goes around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。(3)用于序数词、形容词的最高级前。Is this the first
27、 time you have visited Qingdao?这是你第一次游览青岛吗？China is one of the richest countries in natural resources in the world.在自然资源方面，中国是世界上最富有的国家之一。(4)用在乐器名词前，表示演奏，但“play表示中国乐器的名词”中，名词前不用冠词。She was born in 1974 and has played the piano since the age of six.她出生于1974年，从六岁起就开始弹钢琴了。2定冠词的活用(1)用在表示姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人或夫
28、妻俩；或用于形容词/分词前，表示一类人或物。the wounded 伤员 the rich 富人The Greens are on holiday now.格林一家(夫妇)现在正在度假。(2)用在逢十的年代前，表示“在某世纪几十年代”。in the 1990s在20世纪90年代(3)用在表示单位的名词前。I hired the car by the hour.我按小时租车。(4)用在表示身体部位的名词前，表示“打、抓住某人身体的某个部位”。The police caught the thief by the arm.警察抓住了小偷的胳膊。(5)与形容词或副词的比较级连用，一般用于以下两种情况：
29、 用于“the比较级，the比较级”结构中，表示“越越”之意。The more we do for the people, the happier well be.我们为人民做得越多就越幸福。用在“the比较级of the two”结构中，表示“两个中较的一个”。She is the taller of the two girls.她是两个女孩子中个子较高的那一个。3定冠词的习惯搭配make the most/best of充分利用in the end最后 by the way顺便说一下in the distance在远处 in the way挡道on the whole总的来说 at the
30、 same time同时on the other hand另一方面 to tell the truth说实话for the time being暂时 on the spot在现场not in the least一点也不 the other day前几天take the place of代替1零冠词的三种基本用法(1)专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前，一般不加冠词。He is living in Canada now.他现在住在加拿大。(2)季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐前一般不加冠词。We usually have breakfast at 7 oclock.我们通常7
31、点吃早饭。(3)在学科名称、球类运动、棋类游戏等名词前不用冠词。Im interested in English.我对英语很感兴趣。He is fond of playing chess.他喜欢下棋。2零冠词的活用(1)系动词turn(变成)后的单数名词作表语不用冠词。His brother has turned writer.他弟弟已成为一名作家。(2)“零冠词单数名词as/though主语谓语”意为“尽管但是”。Hero as he is, he has some shortcomings.尽管他是个英雄，但是他也有一些缺点。(3)用在“名词介词短语”的独立主格结构中。The teache
32、r came in, book in hand.老师手里拿着一本书走进来。3零冠词的习惯搭配at present目前take part in参加in peace平静 by chance/accident碰巧on purpose故意 on second thoughts再一想ahead of time提前 in advance提前by law根据法律 by mistake由于差错under repair处于维修中 lose heart灰心day and night整日整夜 from morning till night从早到晚out of control失控 out of work失业in da
33、nger处于危险之中 at risk有危险.单句语法填空1In the Barcelona soccer club, Messi was one of the best players (player) through his teen years.2To some extent, examination results (result) are sometimes unexpected by your study level.3You can either write a thesis (论文) or take two more elective courses (course)4Like
34、a phone，you will be able to receive calls (call) on your wrist.5He praises Zuckerbergs effort and thinks more American CEOs should learn foreign languages (language)6But the youngest billionaire is Albert von Thurn und Taxis of Germany, who, in 2001, inherited a billion dollars when he turned 18.7Th
35、ey found that：“Outdoor workers in northern Finland who are exposed to cold temperature have a_ significant amount of brown fat when compared to sameaged indoor workers.”8At about the same time in various towns and cities across America people began to celebrate the “Fathers Day”9However, I told the
36、gentleman that the door had an automatic opener, and he did not need to stay to hold it open.10An American airliner was hijacked (劫持) on a flight from Los Angeles to New York.单句改错1The city I live in is most known for its modern public facility.facilityfacilities2The moment we arrived at the foot of
37、the mountain, we set out for the top in high spirit.spiritspirits3There was a time when I was so proud that I overlooked my classmate, refusing to work together with them.classmateclassmates4“And，” the man said, “my tooth are in the piece of chocolate on the floor.”toothteeth5Last Saturday, as usual
38、, she went to several class.classclasses6From then on, I learned to help others and turn to my friends for the help whenever I had difficulty finishing a task on my own.去掉the7For instance, its convenient, fast and comfortable means of transportation.convenient前加a8Our English teacher will have operat
39、ion today.have后加an9The other day we held class meeting to discuss how family conditions influence high school students.held后加a10Actually, I didnt have to walk far before I found the small house standing in a field.thea.用所给词的适当形式或冠词完成下列短文Once a man came to Allah (安拉) and said，“Oh Allah，I have many ba
40、d _1_ (habit)Which one should I give up first？” Allah said, “Give up telling _2_ (lie)first and always tell the truth.” The man promised to do so and went home.At night the man was about to go out to steal.Before setting out，he thought for _3_ moment about _4_ promise he made to Allah.“If tomorrow A
41、llah asks me where I have been，what should I say？Should I say that I went out to steal？No，I cannot say that.If I tell the truth，everyone will start hating me and call me _5_ thief.I would be punished for stealing.But nor can I lie any more.”So the man decided not to steal that night，and gave up this
42、 bad habit.Next day，when he was about to drink wine，he also remembered what he had promised to Allah，so he gave up the idea of drinking wine.In this way，whenever the man thought of doing something bad，he remembered his promise to tell the truth at all _6_ (time)One by one，he gave up all his bad habi
43、ts.1habits2.lies3.a4.the5.a6.times.语法填空The State Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg, is _1_ secondlargest art museum in the world after the Louvre, France, both of which are visited by millions of people _2_ (annual). Hermitage holds not only artistic treasures but also a collection of living histor
44、y _3_ well.The Hermitage was built as part of the royal Russian familys Winter Palace. Empress Elizabeth had cats brought in _4_ (rid) the several palace buildings of mice. The cats did their job well and _5_ (give) homes in the basements of the buildings and the title of Hermitage cats.The 74 Hermi
45、tage cats live at the museum _6_ they now lead an extremely _7_ (comfort) life. A press secretary is in charge of the cats, with three fulltime caretakers _8_ (attend) to their every need. There are even kitchens for preparing meals for the cats because every cat has its own _9_ (prefer). This may a
46、ll seem over the top, but Russian and foreign _10_ (visit) alike love seeing the Hermitage cats while admiring some of the worlds greatest artistic treasures.本文是一篇说明文，介绍了圣彼得堡冬宫博物馆的猫。1the解析：考查冠词。句意：圣彼得堡冬宫博物馆是继法国卢浮宫之后世界第二大艺术博物馆，每年都有数以百万计的游客参观。“the序数词”表示“第几”。故填the。2annually解析：考查副词。句意：圣彼得堡冬宫博物馆是继法国卢浮宫之后
47、世界第二大艺术博物馆，每年都有数以百万计的游客参观。修饰动词应用副词形式，故填annually。3as解析：考查固定短语。as well“也，和”为固定短语，置于句末。故填as。4to_rid解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：伊丽莎白女王让人把猫带进宫殿，来消灭几座宫殿里的老鼠。分析句子可知，此处作目的状语，故用动词不定式。5were_given解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意：这些猫干得很好，它们被安置在大楼的地下室里，并被授予冬宫奇猫的称号。分析句子可知，本句为一般过去时，主语cats与谓语动词give之间为被动关系。故填were given。6where解析：考查定语从句。句意：74只冬宫猫生
48、活在博物馆里，它们现在过着极其舒适的生活。分析句子可知，museum为先行词，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故填where。7comfortable解析：考查词性转换。句意：74只冬宫猫生活在博物馆里，它们现在过着极其舒适的生活。修饰名词life，应用形容词形式，故填comfortable。8attending解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：负责这些猫的是一位新闻秘书，有三位全职的看护人员负责照顾它们的一切需要。分析句子可知，本句为with的复合结构，在句中作状语，three fulltime caretakers与attend在逻辑上是主动关系，所以用现在分词attending。9prefere
49、nce解析：考查词性转换。句意：甚至还有厨房为猫们准备食物，因为每一只猫都有它自己的喜好。own为形容词修饰名词，故填preference。10visitors解析：考查名词复数。句意：这一切看起来似乎都有些夸张，但俄罗斯人和外国游客都喜欢在欣赏一些世界上最伟大的艺术作品的同时，欣赏冬宫猫。分析句意可知，本句在说俄罗斯人和外国游客，所以应填visitor。又因为visitor为可数名词，在本句中指很多的游客，故填visitors。.短文改错Its time for us to graduate. Before parting, our class is going to hold the la
50、st class meeting, which theme will be the Past Golden Days. We plan to have several activities to bring a unforgettable ending to our beautiful days. Firstly, we will watch the photos take during the three years, especial about our school events. It will surely make everyone to recall those precious moments. Then well extend our sincere gratitude to our teachers. It is them who give without asking anything for return. Then came one of the most important moment in our lifea big party. In a word, I hope the last class meeting will meaningful.答案- 17 - 版权所有高考资源网