1、Unit 22Environmental Protection1resident n. 居民2.habitant n. 居民；居住者3immigrant n. 移民 4.migration n. 迁移；移居5ageing n& adj. 老龄化；变老的6decrease vi. 减少7decline vi. 降低；下降 8.settle in 迁入；安顿下来9birth/death rate 出生/死亡率10floating population 流动人口11atmosphere n. 大气 12.waste n. 废料；垃圾13radiation n. 放射；放射物 14.emission
2、n. 排放15recycle vt. 回收；循环利用 16.replace/substitute vt. 取代17environmentally friendly adj. 环保的18soil erosion 水土流失19alternative energy 替代能源20solar energy/power 太阳能21nuclear energy/power 核能22be/live in harmony with 与和谐共处23bring.under control 把控制住24be/become aware of 意识到25raise the awareness of 提高意识26live
3、a low carbon life 过低碳生活27population density 人口密度28universal twochild policy 全面二孩政策1live in harmony with.与和谐相处2raise the awareness of.唤醒的意识3protect.from.保护不受(危害)4be covered with被覆盖5be crowded with挤满，拥塞6turn off关掉7die out灭亡；逐渐消失8tear down拆掉；拆毁9save energy节约能源10get damaged遭到破坏1It is necessary for us to
4、 protect our environment.对我们来说，保护环境是必要的。2Only in this way can we live in harmony with the animals.只有这样我们才能与动物和谐相处。3Water resources have become so badly polluted that some of the water is unfit to drink or to use.水资源已经被污染得如此严重，以至于一些水已经不适合饮用或使用。1It_is_wellknown_that the global water shortage is becomi
5、ng increasingly severe mainly due to global warming.众所周知，由于全球变暖，全球水资源短缺问题正变得日益严重。2It is urgent to stop damaging the earth and spare_no_effort_to_protect_it and make it a lovely place to live in.形势紧急，破坏地球的行为应该叫停了，应不遗余力地保护地球，把地球变成一个适宜居住的美丽的地方。3It_is_well_acknowledged that the severely polluted environ
6、ment and the increase of cars contribute a lot to smog.人们公认严重污染的环境和车辆的增加极大地导致了雾霾。 教材单词写准并记牢高考与教材.重点单词1trap vt. 使困住 2.threaten vt. 威胁3substitute n. 代替品，代用品 4.seize vt. 依法没收；(用武力)夺取5means n. 方法 6.recycle vt. 回收利用7carve vt. 雕刻 8.slide vi. 滑行9potential n. 可能性；潜在性 10.roll vi. 转动；滚动11politics n. 政治 12.beh
7、alf n. 代表.拓展单词1agriculture n. 农业agricultural adj. 农业的2coincident adj. 一致的，巧合的coincidence n. 巧合3separate vt. 分离；分开 adj. 分开的separately adv. 分开地separation n. 分离，分开4adopt vt. 采用；收养adoption n. 采用；采纳；收养5reserve v. 保留reservation n. 保护区6dust n. 灰尘，尘土dusty adj. 多灰尘的7relevant adj. 有关的irrelevant adj. 不相关的，不恰当的
8、8construct vt. 建造construction n. 建造；建筑9consider vt. 思考，考虑considerate adj. 想得周到的，体贴的consideration n. 考虑；思考considering prep. 考虑到；鉴于10sharp adj. 锋利的；尖锐的；敏锐的sharply adv. 严厉地；明确地sharpen vt. 削尖sharpener n. 卷笔刀11change vt. 改变changeable adj. 多变的12irrigate vt. 灌溉irrigation n. 灌溉.阅读单词1ecology n生态 2.botanical
9、adj.植物的3consultant n. 顾问 4.boycott n. 抵制5rough adj. 艰难的 6.advocate vt. 主张，提倡7principle n. 原则；道德准则 8.catastrophe n. 巨大的灾难9sacrifice vt.& vi. 牺牲；献出 10.negative adj. 消极的，负面的11finance n. 资金 12.allocate vt. 分配，配给13evolution n. (生物)进化1.(2019天津卷)I was ready to pay for my bananas at the grocery one night, w
10、hen fear seized (seize) me.2(2018全国卷)We passed it, he tried to put it in his mouth, he tried bouncing it, rolling (roll) it, sitting on it, throwing it.3(2018江苏卷)But in agriculture (agricultural), small farmers can get the best of the major players.4(2018江苏卷)The sustainable success of small farmers,
11、 though, wont happen without fundamental changes (change) to the industry.5(2018浙江卷)Among the bag makers arguments: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are_recycled (recycle) easily.6(2017天津卷)That photo is a reminder, a captured moment, an unspoken conversation b
12、etween two women, separated (separate) only by a thin square of glass. 教材短语写准并记牢高考与教材1.in_turn 依次；反过来2lead_to 引起，导致3look_ahead 展望未来，向前看4take_action 采取行动5ahead_of 在前面6on_sb.s_behalf 代表7carry_off 掠去，夺走8all_in_all 总的来说9apart_from 除以外10answer_for (对已产生的不良后果)负责任11call_for_an_end_to_sth. 要求结束12earn_ones_l
13、iving 谋生13as_a_matter_of_fact 实际上14break_away_from 摆脱；脱离(团体、组织、某种思想体系)15a_number_of 一些；许多16beyond_ones_control 超出的控制，不受的控制17result_in 导致18refer_to 参考；查阅1.(2019江苏卷)As the number of tourists has grown, so has the amount of traffic on the roads.2(2018全国卷)Exercising makes you more awake and ready to han
14、dle whatever is ahead of you for the day.3(2018全国卷)In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created.4(2018天津卷)Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fires. 教材句式写准并记牢高考与教材1.in the last few decades 常与现在完成时态搭配In_the_last_few_decades,_scientis
15、ts have_reached consensus and reported that human beings are causing changes in the Earths climate.在过去的几十年里，科学家们一致认为，人类正在造成地球气候的变化2动词ing形式作状语和定语Looking_ahead,_scientists believe that global warming could be one of the biggest environmental problems facing_the_21st_century.展望未来，科学家们相信全球变暖可能会是面对21世纪的最
16、大环保问题之一。3leave宾语宾语补足语Without these naturally occurring gases, the suns rays would bounce back into space leaving_the_earth_cold_and_impossible_to_live_on.如果没有这些自然产生的气体，太阳光将会被反射回太空中去，使地球处于寒冷之中，不适合生命的存在。4given prep.考虑到；It seems that.主语从句Given this data, it_seems_that the link between human activities
17、and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.鉴于这些数据，好像人类活动与正在升高的地球温度之间的联系并不仅仅只是巧合而已。5时间/地点名词saw/have/has seen宾语表示时间/地点见证了The_last_few_years_have_seen environmental disasters on a grand scale, and experts are predicting far worse to come.近几年一些环境灾难大规模地出现，专家们预测更坏的局面即将来临。6with复合结构Storms ha
18、ve been getting worse everywhere too, with_a_growing_number_of_hurricanes_hitting_the_US,_and_Central_America.暴风雨也在各地变得越来越糟糕，越来越多的飓风袭击美国和美洲中部。1.(2019江苏卷)The musician along with his band members has_given_ten_performances (已经完成了十场演出) in the last three months.2(2018全国卷)It_seems_that (看起来好像) none of th
19、ese have much chance of survival.3(2018全国卷)Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for DC. newcomers and locals looking_to_experience_Washington_DC. (想要感受华盛顿) in a healthy way with minimum effort.4(2018江苏卷)It had also given me a choice, either to leave_that_page_blank (让那张纸空着) or to
20、 keep writing the story with hope.焦sub开头单词substitute n. 代替品subconscious adj. 下意识的subheading n. 小标题subjective adj. 主观的submit v. 提交；呈递subscribe v. 定期订购2“相似词”小结principle n. 原则principal n. 校长tissue n. 组织issue n. 问题；发行affect vt. 影响effect n. 影响dessert n. 甜点desert v. 舍弃 n. 沙漠borrow v. 借sorrow n. 悲痛wander v
21、. 漫步wonder v. 想知道fellow n. 家伙follow v. 跟随3盘点含en后缀的高频动词sharpen (使)锋利weaken 变弱strengthen 加强lengthen 延长widen (使)变宽shorten 使缩短4“环境”相关词全扫描conservation n. 保护reserve n. 保护区atmosphere n. 大气层species n. 物种resource n. 资源recycle v. 回收利用habitat n. 栖息地ecology n. 生态5后缀er名词表示行为的主动者或与某事有关的人banker 银行家singer 歌唱家writer
22、 作家thinker 思想家leader 领导者waiter 服务员villager 村民beginner 初学者murderer 凶手researcher 研究者6后缀er名词表示物品或机器washer 洗衣机lighter 打火机cutter 切削器cooker 厨具boiler 煮器heater 加热器printer 打印机mixer 搅拌器sharpener 卷笔刀drier 吹风机；干燥剂7“许多，大量”词汇扫描修饰不可数名词：much, a great deal of, a good amount of, large amounts of修饰可数名词：a number of, a
23、few, many a既可修饰可数名词，又可修饰不可数名词：lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, large quantities of高频词汇精讲1trap vt. 使困住；诱捕；诱骗；使陷入困境 n. 陷阱；圈套Because of the greenhouse effect, the Earth is warmed by gases trapped in the atmosphere.因为温室效应，困在大气层中的气体使地球的气温上升。(1)trap sb. into (doing) sth.使某人陷入(做)某事的圈套；诱骗某人(做)某事be/g
24、et trapped in/into (doing) sth. 被困在中；被诱骗(做)某事(2)fall into a trap 落入陷阱/圈套fall into the trap of doing sth.落入的圈套；做某事不明智set/lay traps/a trap for (doing)/to do sth. 为(做)设圈套(1)单句语法填空Dont fall into the trap of investing all your money in one place.Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver wa
25、ter and food to elderly people trapped (trap) in powerless highrise buildings.The hunter set traps (trap) to catch foxes.He felt he had been trapped into accepting (accept) the terms of the contract.(2)句式升级(用分词结构作状语改写)He was trapped in a traffic jam, so he had to be patient, waiting.Trapped_in_a_tra
26、ffic_jam,_he_had_to_be_patient,_waiting.2reserve vi.储备；保存；保留；预订 n保护区；储备Firstly, an effective way, I think, is to reserve water in a scientific way for future use.首先，我认为一个有效的方法就是用科学的方法把水贮存起来以备将来使用。(1)reserve sth. for sb./sth.为某人/某物保留、预订某物(2)in reserve 贮存；备用(3)reservation n. 保留；预订(房间、座位等)make a reserv
27、ation 预订(座位、房间等)without reserve/reservation 毫无保留地(4)reserved adj. 预订的，保留的be reserved for 留作，(专)供之用完成句子Jiu zhaigou Valley is a nature_reserve located in Chinas Sichuan Province.九寨沟是位于中国四川省的自然保护区。The seats are_reserved_for the old and the disabled.这些座位是为老人和残疾人保留的。3beyond prep.超出；在(或向)的远处Our success wa
28、s far beyond what we thought possible.我们的成功远远超出了我们估计的范围。(1)beyond expression 难以表达beyond repair 难以修复beyond description 难以描述beyond compare 无与伦比(2)be beyond sb. 使某人无法理解(3)beyond ones control 超出某人的控制beyond ones power 超出某人权限beyond ones reach 使某人够不到完成句子I am afraid it is beyond_my_power to do what you are
29、asking.我恐怕无力做你要求做的事。Its quite beyond_me why such things have been allowed to happen.我不能理解为什么会发生这样的事情。Finally, if you find pressure is nearly beyond_your_control,_youd better turn to professional psychological guidance.最后，如果你发现压力几乎超出了你的控制范围，你最好寻求专业的心理指导。4look ahead 展望未来；预测未来We should look ahead and s
30、pare a thought for future generations.我们应该向前看，多为子孙后代着想。look up to 尊重；敬仰look into 调查look down on/upon 轻视；瞧不起look on/upon.as 把看作；把视为look through 浏览；快速查看look out (for sth.) 当心look back on/upon 回顾；回想完成句子Looking_ahead,_we expect changes to be made in our system of education.展望未来，我们期待对教育体制进行变革。He was alre
31、ady looking_forward_to practising the new music.他已经在期待练习新音乐了。The building around the corner caught fire last night. The police now are looking_into the matter.街角的那栋建筑昨晚着火了。警察现在正在调查这件事。I looked_through all my papers but I still cant find my notes.我翻遍了我所有的文件，可还是没找到我的笔记。5in turn 依次；轮流；相应地；反过来They answe
32、red the teachers questions in turn.他们依次回答了老师的问题。by turns 轮流地；时而时而in ones turn 轮到某人take turns to do/doing sth. 依次/轮班/轮流做某事Its ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事了完成句子People use their cars for convenience but this in_turn caused other problems.人们用汽车是为了便利，但这反过来又引起了其他问题。The book is, by_turns,_funny and very sa
33、d.这本书时而妙趣横生，时而悲悲戚戚。We have started the job. Now we will take_turns to do it.我们已开始这项工作。现在我们要轮流做这件事。6lead to 通向；导致，致使Global warming refers to an average increase in the Earths temperature that, in turn, leads to climate change.全球变暖指的是地球平均温度升高，进而导致气候变化。lead to (doing) sth.导致(做)某事lead sb. to do sth. 使某人
34、做某事lead/live a.life 过样的生活lead.into. 把领进lead the way 引路；带路(1)单句语法填空In class, I will divide the students into small groups and lead them to_practice (practice) speaking English in an interesting way.Ironically, this may lead to doing (do) more instead of less.The discovery of the new evidence eventual
35、ly led to the officials being_arrested (arrest)(2)完成句子A lack of confidence can lead_to a lot of suffering.缺乏自信会导致许多痛苦。He decided to lead_a_new_life after the unusual experience.这次不平常的经历过后，他决定过一种新的生活。All roads lead_to_Rome.(谚)条条大道通罗马。7condemn vt.谴责，宣判，使注定，迫使接受困境If you dont learn from the past, you ar
36、e condemned to repeat its mistakes.如果你不从过去吸取教训的话，就注定要重复以前的错误。(1)condemn sb./sth. for/as sth.因而谴责某人或某事condemn sb. to. 某人注定be condemned/sentenced to death 被判处死刑(2)be condemned to do sth.迫使接受(困境)，注定单句语法填空She knew that society will condemn her for leaving her children.As an old person, one is often cond
37、emned to_live (live) alone.He was condemned to death for murder and later hanged.8sacrifice vt. & vi.牺牲；献出 n牺牲；祭品，祭祀Her parents made sacrifices so that she could have a good education.为了让她接受良好的教育，她的父母做了很多牺牲。(1)sacrifice.for. 为而牺牲；牺牲而换得sacrifice.to do sth.为做某事而牺牲(2)make sacrifices/a sacrifice 做出牺牲at
38、the sacrifice of. 以牺牲为代价(1)单句语法填空Last summer I sacrificed my holiday to_help (help) the old.He is always ready to sacrifice his personal interest for the group benefit.He saved the child at the sacrifice of his life.(2)完成句子Its not worth sacrificing_your_health for wealth.你为财富牺牲健康是不值得的。The soldiers w
39、ere prepared to make_sacrifices in defence of freedom.这些士兵已经准备好为保卫自由做出牺牲。9advocate vt. 主张，提倡 n提倡者，拥护者Experts advocate that each person (should) play their part.专家们主张每个人都要发挥自己的作用。(1)advocate (doing) sth. 提倡/拥护/支持(做)某事advocate that. 主张从句谓语动词用(should)动词原形(2)an advocate of/for 的提倡者/拥护者单句语法填空Many experts
40、 advocate reducing (reduce) the amount of childrens homework and also advocate that children (should)_be_given (give) more free time.She has always been an advocate of changes to English spelling.10substitute n代替者；代用品 vt.(用)代替 vi.替代，取代After all, theres no substitute for our Earth.毕竟，没有任何东西可以代替地球。(1)
41、a substitute for. 的替代者(2)substitute A for Bsubstitute B with/by A 用A代替/取代Bsubstitute for 代替，取代单句语法填空The manager was unable to attend but sent his assistant as a substitute.Nothing could substitute for mothers love.We substitute the blue balls with/by the red ones, to see if the baby would notice.11t
42、hreaten vt. 威胁，恐吓They threatened to close our credit lines if we dont reduce the amount of carbon dioxide we produce.如果我们不降低二氧化碳的排放量，他们威胁说将取消我们的信用额度。(1)threaten sb. with. 用威胁某人threaten to do sth. 威胁要做某事threaten that. 威胁(2)threat n. 威胁，恐吓a threat to sb./sth. 对某人或某事的威胁(3)threatening adj. 威胁的，危险的(1)单句语
43、法填空The hijackers (劫持犯) threatened to_kill (kill) one passenger every hour if their demands were not met.We were threatened with dismissal if we didnt cooperate.The fighting is a major threat to stability in the region.(2)句式升级He was threatened by terrorists and didnt dare to vote for the president.Th
44、reatened_by_terrorists,_he didnt dare to vote for the president.(用过去分词短语作状语)12.apart from(aside from) 除以外Apart from the few found in zoos, pandas live only in the central bamboo forests of mainland China.除了在动物园里看到的几只外，熊猫只生活在中国大陆中部的竹林里。take sth. apart 将拆卸开，拆分tell A and B apart 分辨出A与Bfall apart 破裂；断裂；
45、散开set sb. apart 使某人与众不同用apart短语的适当形式填空Apart_from Beijing and Shanghai, we also visited some other cities during the holiday.除了北京和上海，假期里我们还参观了一些其他城市。He took_apart the case but found nothing in it.他拆开箱子，却发现里边什么也没有。You can tell my twins brother and me apart by this mark on my face.你可以根据我脸上的疤痕分辨出我和我的孪生兄
46、弟。He had a deep voice, which set him apart_from others in our small town.他那深沉的声音把他和我们小镇上的其他人区别开来。This house was too old and soon fell_apart.这房子太旧了，很快就坍塌了。13answer for 对负责；为受谴责Hunters in general have a lot to answer for in terms of endangered animals.就濒危动物而言，猎人通常应负许多责任。in answer(to sth.)as a reply 作为
47、回应answer(sb.) back 反驳；回嘴；顶嘴；为自己辩护answer to sb.(for sth.) 向某人(为某事)负责；对某人承担(某事的)责任完成句子They shall answer_for their behavior.他们应对自己的行为负责。He was given the chance to answer_back in a TV interview.在一次电视访谈中他得到了辩白的机会。14seize vt.抓住；捉住；夺取；依法没收，扣押She tried to seize the gun from him.她试图夺他的枪。seize sth. from sb. 从
48、某人那里夺过某物seize sb. by the. 抓住某人的seize on/upon 抓住，利用seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住机会完成句子The elephant seized_a_nearby_branch and put it into her mouth.大象抓住附近的一个树枝，把它放进嘴里。Before he could run away, she seized_him_by the collar.在他逃跑之前，她抓住了他的衣领。They seized_the_airport in a surprise attack.他们突袭攻占了机场。15all
49、 in all 总的来说All in all, it had been one of the most miserable days of Henrys life.总的来说，这是亨利一生中最悲惨的日子之一。(1)at all根本；无论如何，一点儿(常用于否定句和条件从句中以加强语气)after all 毕竟；终究in all 总共first of all 首先，第一above all 首先，最重要的是(2)表示“总的来说”的词组及与其相近词组还有：on the whole， in general， in short， in a word， on balance， as a whole完成句子H
50、e has his faults, but, all_in_all,_he is a good helper.他有缺点，但总的说来，他是一个好帮手。Max is fair, hardworking, and above_all honest.麦克斯公正、勤劳，最重要的是诚实。Why are you so anxious? It isnt your problem after_all.你为什么那么着急？那毕竟不是你的问题。Its not at_all certain whether Ill come tomorrow.我明天是否会来还不确定。16means n. 方法；手段People in a
51、gricultural areas, without any means to earn their living, move to the cities.农业区的人们没有谋生手段时便向城市搬迁。means of (doing) sth.(做)某事的方法、途径by means of 借助的手段by all means 可以，当然行；尽一切办法，务必by no means 决不，一点也不(置于句首，其后倒装)名师指南：means 表示“方法，方式，手段”时，其单复数同形。当means 作主语且有every, each 等词修饰时谓语动词用单数；有some, several, many, few
52、等词修饰时谓语动词用复数。(1)单句语法填空Every possible means has_been_tried (try), but none worked.Ill forgive you this time, by no means shall you make the mistake again.(2)完成句子She tried to explain it by_means_of body language.她试图通过肢体语言来解释。Furthermore, punishment is by_no_means a wise choice to help them grow up men
53、tally and physically.而且，惩罚绝不是帮助他们身心健康成长的明智选择。17adopt vt. 采用，采纳；收养The Chinese government has adopted several noise control plans.中国政府已采用了好几项噪声控制方案。(1)adopt a policy/habit 采用某项政策/养成某种习惯adopt ones suggestion/plan/idea 采纳某人的建议/计划/想法adopt a method/measures 采用某种方法/采取措施adopt an orphan 收养孤儿(2)adopted adj. 收
54、养的adoption n. 收养；采纳(1)单句语法填空The adoption (adopt) of the new technology improved the production.Pauls mother had him adopted (adopt) because she couldnt look after him herself.He was cheated into believing that he was an adopted (adopt) son.Having_adopted (adopt) a new method, they worked more effici
55、ently.(2)完成句子Pupils should be helped to adopt_a_positive_attitude to the environment.应帮助学生对环境采取积极的态度。18considerate adj. 体贴的，考虑周到的She is always polite and considerate towards her employees.她对员工总是很有礼貌、体贴入微。(1)consideration n. 考虑；体谅，关心，体贴under consideration 在考虑中take.into consideration 把考虑在内；考虑(2)consid
56、erable adj.相当大的；相当多的(3)considering prep. 考虑到(4)consider v. 考虑；认为consider sb./sth. to be/as.认为是；把看作consider doing sth. 考虑做某事(1)单句语法填空Considering (consider) your salary, you should put aside at least 100 dollars a week.Everything taken into consideration (consider), they believed themselves more quali
57、fied for the job.(2)完成句子It_was_considerate_of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.迈克尔很体贴地通知我们他的延误，以防我们担心。19break away from 摆脱；脱离(某种思想体系、团体、组织)I strongly hope that you can consider my suggestion and break away from computer games as soon as possible.我强烈希望你考虑我的建议，尽快摆脱电脑游戏。break do
58、wn 出故障；(身体)垮掉；失败；分解break out 爆发；突然发生break in 闯入；插话break off 折断；中止break through 突破break up 解散；结束；破裂完成句子It is important for us to break_away_from the old beliefs which are out of date and impractical.摆脱过时且不实用的陈旧传统观念对我们来说是很重要的。A fire broke_out during the night.夜间突发了火灾。Scientists say theyre beginning to
59、 break_through in the fight against cancer.科学家们说，他们在防治癌症方面开始有所突破。He broke_into the discussion with a shout of warning.他大声警告，打断了讨论。You should break_away_from_such_bad_habits as soon as possible. Only in this way will_you_have_a_strong_body.你应该尽快改掉这样的坏习惯，只有这样，你才会有健康的体魄。重点词汇点拨1relevant adj. 相关的；切题的；有意义
60、的(1)be relevant to 和有关(2)relevance n. 相关性；关联；实用性have relevance to 与有关I dont think what he said is relevant to the topic we are discussing. He has missed the point.I dont think what he said has_relevance_to the topic we are discussing. He has missed the point.2coincidence n. 巧合；同时发生；一致(1)by coinciden
61、ce 碰巧，巧合的是pure coincidence 纯属巧合It is/was a coincidence that . 是巧合的What a coincidence! 真巧！(2)coincident adj. 巧合的，重合的；一致的，相符的By_coincidence,_they met again after losing contact for twenty years.由于巧合，他们在失去联系20年后又相遇了。It was simply one of those things, pure_coincidence.这是没办法的事，纯属巧合。3on somebodys behalf 代
62、表on behalf of sb.on sb.s behalf 代表in behalf of sb.in sb.s behalf US做某人的代表或代言人；为了帮助某人On_behalf_of my whole family, I thank you for your help.我代表我全家，感谢你的帮助。4arm vt. 武装arm sb. with. 用武装be armed with. 装备有arms n. 武器，兵器 appeal to arms 诉诸武力take up arms 拿起武器 lay down arms 放下武器改写句子(用过去分词作状语)The soldiers who
63、were armed with bows and arrows were preparing for the next battle.Armed_with_bows_and_arrows,_the soldiers were preparing for the next battle.5rough adj.艰难的；混乱的；粗糙的；粗俗的；粗略的；未加工的；狂暴的(1)be rough on 对粗暴苛刻in rough 概略地；粗略地(2)roughly speaking 大致说来；粗略地说The boss was_rough_on him, which made him angry.老板对他很
64、苛刻，这让他很生气。Roughly_speaking，I would say that about 100 people attended the exhibition.粗略地说来，我想大约有100人参观了展览。典型句式精析1In the last few decades, scientists have reached consensus. 在过去的几十年里，科学家们一致认为句中时间状语in the last few decades 常与现在完成时搭配。下列时间状语常与完成时连用：in/over/during/for the last(past)few days/weeks/months/y
65、earsrecently/lately/just/already/yet/up to now/till now/so far/these daysfor一段时间since时间点单句语法填空In the last decade, China has_seen (see) a great many changes.I have_heard (hear) from her now and then in the past few years.Rents in that city have_shot (shoot) up in the last few months.2.Given this data
66、, it seems that the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.如果考虑到这些数据，人类的活动与全球升温似乎不仅仅是一种巧合。本句中given 为介词，意思为“鉴于；考虑到”。(1)given that.“考虑到”，连词，引导条件状语从句。当given为形容词时，意为“特定的，预定的”。(2)与given that.用法相似的表达还有：considering (that) . 考虑到，鉴于seeing (that). 既然，鉴于provide
67、d/providing (that). 假定assuming (that). 假设，如果suppose/supposing (that). 假如，如果单句语法填空Given (give) the present conditions, I think shes done rather well.Given that they are inexperienced, theyve done a good job.At a given (give) time well all start shouting and cheering.We will be there provided (provide
68、) we dont waste time.Considering (consider) the strength of the opposition, we did very well to score two goals.3The last few years have seen environmental disasters on a grand scale, and experts are predicting far worse to come.近几年一些环境灾难大规模地出现，专家们预测更坏的局面即将来临。句中the last few years作主语，see作谓语，意为“经历；目睹”
69、，这种拟人修辞手法表达既简练又生动。(1)see 意为“见证，目睹，经历”时，常用表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词或短语作主语，表示某时或某地目睹、发生、经历了某事。(2)与see用法相同的动词有find, witness, say, experience等，这些词在句中作谓语，用物作主语时，表示一种拟人的手法，以增添语言色彩，使表达更形象。(1)单句语法填空The National Day of 2019 saw (see) so many traffic jams on the expressway.Our hometown has_witnessed (witness) great ch
70、anges since the reform and opening policies started.(2)完成句子The two stone lions standing in front of Tiananmen saw/witnessed many great historic events. 天安门前的这两只石狮目睹了许多重大的历史事件。.单词拼写1The man trapped (困住) under the mine for 170 hours was rescued by the soldiers in the end.2All children should be encour
71、aged to develop their full potential (潜能)3A paper relevant (与有关) to this research was published by him.4You mustnt sacrifice (牺牲) environment to promote economic growth.5He is a person strongly advocating (提倡) living a peaceful life, because he is a peace lover and against any types of war.6If you c
72、annot go yourself, please find someone to substitute (代替) you.7The terrorists are threatening (威胁) to blow up the building if we dont meet their demands.8Experts suggest that we should adopt (采用)the new educating system to meet the development of the economy.9They are potential (潜在的) powers we posse
73、ss: energy, skill, sound judgement, creative ideaseven physical strength greater than most of us realize.10For most people, the car is still their main means (方式) of transport.单句语法填空(一)单元知识点1During the civil war thousands of people fled (flee) the country.2In other words, the energy and agricultural
74、 (agriculture) policies of the developed world are to burn food.3The conservation (conserve) of the wild animals deserved to be paid attention to.4Because of illegal (legal) logging, and forest fires, the worlds forests are disappearing.5He sharpened (sharp) his knife before he cut up the wood.6Its
75、considerate (consider) of the waitress to warm the plate before she serves the food.7It was not until I completed the form that I realized that half the questions were not relevant to me.8The changeable (change) weather is bad for the growth of the crops.9We should raise peoples awareness (aware) of
76、 protecting the river.10It is roughly (rough) estimated that five thousand people died in the earthquake.11He looked puzzled because what the teacher said in class was far beyond his understanding.12He avoided quarrelling (quarrel) with his wife by keeping silent.13We have a team armed (arm) with bo
77、th capital and human resources.14Due to the injury, he was_condemned (condemn) to spend the rest of the football season on the bench.15The separation (separate) between us has proved to be a blessing for me.(二)单元语法16The food will get burned/burnt (burn) if you dont take it away from the fire.17Despi
78、te being_taken (take) from very different sources, the results are remarkably consistent.18I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but was_held (hold) back thankfully by the shop window.19Apple Days are being_held (hold) at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including st
79、ately gardens and commercial orchards.20In the late 1980s, the last few condors were_taken (take) from the wild to be bred.单句改错1Without air, human being will not be able to survive.will改为would2Seizing the chance, otherwise youll regret it.Seizing改为Seize3In the past few years thousands of films have
80、produced all over the world.have后加been4We must obey the principle all men are innocent until they are proved guilty.all前加that5Having trapped in the traffic jam for hours, he became impatient.Having后加been.选词填空in turn， earn ones living， apart from， answer for， look ahead， carry off， ahead of， lead to，
81、 refer to， by coincidence1This policy will lead_to greater instability in the region.2Apart_from the injuries to his face and hands, he broke both legs.3Your attitude affects others, which in_turn affects you.4His parents died when he was 17, so he had to earn_his_living on his own.5If you go on doi
82、ng this, you will answer_for the consequences.6Look_ahead in the distance, and you can see the lights of the village.7I thought wed be late for the concert, but we ended up getting there ahead_of time.8Thieves carried_off the farmers sheep during the night.9By_coincidence,_I met the person wed been
83、discussing the next day.10The girl always refers_to the reference books as her good friends and helpers.完成句子1As we all know, success lies in hard work while laziness leads_to failure.众所周知成功在于努力，然而懒惰导致失败。2Without your help, I wouldnt_have_passed_the_test.没有你的帮助，我是不可能通过考试的。3The number of unemployed pe
84、ople in Poland has_grown_by_more_than_a_quarter in the last month.上个月，波兰的失业人数增长超过了1/4。4By_means_of the Internet, we can keep in touch by sending emails.借助于网络，我们可以通过发电子邮件保持联系。5The_last_30_years_have_witnessed/seen the rapid development of China.过去30年见证了中国的快速发展。6My mother encouraged me and insisted th
85、at I_(should)_continue_my_education.妈妈鼓励我，而且坚持要求我继续我的教育。7It_is_our_turn_to look after our families since we have grown up.既然我们已经长大了，该轮到我们照顾我们的家庭了。8Given_her_interest_in_children，Im sure teaching is the right career for her.考虑到她对孩子的关注，我可以肯定教书是适合她的职业。.课文语法填空Global warming refers to an average increase
86、 in the Earths temperature, _1_ in turn leads to climate change. Scientists hold the view that it could be one of the biggest environmental problems _2_ (face) the 21st century. Some of the scientists have reported that it is human beings that _3_ (cause) changes in the Earths climate; for in the la
87、st 50 years, gases pumped into the Earths atmosphere by the factories and vehicles _4_ (be) speeding up the process of global warming. It seems that the link between human activities and _5_ (rise) global temperatures is not _6_ (mere) a coincidence according to some data. If we continue to produce
88、carbon dioxide and other gases in such huge _7_ (quantity), we are condemning life on Earth _8_ should expect severe consequences. After all, theres no substitute _9_ our Earth, so each person should take action to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide together with the governments _10_ (save) the Ear
89、th.1which2.facing3.are_causing4.have_been5rising6.merely7.quantities8.and9for10.to_save.话题写作假如你是李华，近日你所在的学校开展了“为建设节约型社会献一计”主题活动，同学们提出了许多建议。请你根据以下要点写一篇短文。1不浪费粮食和纸张；2尽量不使用方便筷、塑料袋；3毕业生将书赠给低年级同学循环使用。注意：1.不要逐字翻译，可适当增加细节；2词数：100左右，开头已经为你写好，不计入总词数；3参考词汇：方便筷 disposable chopsticks。Recently, there has been an
90、 activity of “doing your bit for an energysaving society” in our school. Our_schoolmates_are_highly_concerned_about_the_increasing_lack_of_energy_and_provide_their_own_suggestions.Some_students_suggest_that_we_shouldnt_waste_any_food_or_paper,_though_they_appear_very_easy_to_get._Meanwhile,_some_oth
91、er_students_think_it_advisable_to_refuse_to_use_disposable_chopsticks_and_plastic_bags._Besides,_it_is_also_strongly_recommended_that_those_used_textbooks_as_well_as_reference_books_of_graduates,_which_are_still_in_good_condition,_not_be_thrown_but_recycled._Actually,_there_are_still_quite_a_lot_that_we_can_easily_do:_say,_try_to_take_buses_or_ride_bicycles_instead_of_driving_cars,_etc._All_of_these_will_definitely_help_to_build_an_energysaving_society.学习至此，请完成课时作业4344