1、X8U21differ vi.不同；相异different adj.不同的difference n不同，差异4undertake vt.着手；从事；承担undertook(过去式)undertaken(过去分词) 6cast vt.扔；投；掷cast/cast(过去式/过去分词)7object vi.反对；不赞成objection n不赞成；反对；异议objective adj.真实的；客观的；无偏见的8obtain vt.获得；赢得9attain vt.获得；达到(水平、年龄、状况等)10forbid vt.禁止；不准forbade(过去式)forbidden (过去分词)11accumul
2、ate vt.积累；聚积12owe vt.欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于13retire vi.退休；离开retirement n退休14bother vt.打扰 vi.操心 n烦扰15strike vi. & vt.打；撞击；罢工struck/struck (过去式/过去分词)17resist vt.抵抗；对抗resistance n抵抗；对抗resistant adj.20adore vt.崇拜；爱慕；喜爱1differ vi. 不同；相异different adj. 不同的；有区别的；相异的difference n. 不同；不同之处differ from. 不同于differ in. 在方
3、面不同differ with/from sb. on/about sth.与某人关于意见不同be different from 与不同make a/some/no difference to sb./sth.对某人/某物有/有些/没有影响或作用difference between A and BA和B之间的差别 即学即练1(1)Men are all alike in their promises. It is only in their deeds that they _.人在许诺时都一样，不同之处在于他们的行动。(2)I have to _ you _ that.在那一点上我不能同意你的看
4、法。(3)The rain didnt _ the game.这场雨对比赛没有多大影响。Differ/differ with on/make much difference to2undertake vt. 着手，从事，承担；承诺，答应undertaking n. 任务，事业；承诺，答应undertake a task/project 承担一个任务/项目undertake to do sth. 答应做某事undertake for sth. 为负责 即学即练2(1)The company has announced that it will _ a full investigation _ t
5、he accident.公司已宣布将对这次事故进行全面调查。(2)He _ the job by Friday.他答应星期五之前完成这项工作。(3)Ill _ your security. 我将保证你的安全。Undertake into/undertook to finish/undertake for3cast vt.&vi. (cast, cast) 投掷；投射；抛cast aside 抛弃，消除，废除cast away 抛弃，丢掉，使(船)漂流，(船)失事cast behind 疏远；把抛在脑后cast down 使沮丧/不愉快cast off 丢弃cast ones eyes over
6、 审视cast ones mind back to sth. 回顾，回想cast light on/uponthrow light upon 弄清楚 即学即练3(1)Dont be so _. Just keep up your spirits.不要这么沮丧，打起精神来！(2)As soon as they reached the fishing area, the fishermen _ their nets _ the sea.渔民们一到捕鱼区就把渔网撒进了大海。cast down/cast into (3)As soon as he became rich he _ all his ol
7、d friends who gave him some help.他一富起来就抛弃了所有曾经给过他帮助的老朋友。cast aside4object vi. 反对，不赞成n. 实物；目的；对象objection n. 反对；厌恶object to sb./sth. 反对，不赞成某人/某事object to doing sth. 反对做某事object to sb. doing sth. 反对某人做某事raise an objection to (doing) sth. 对提出异议have/make an objection to (doing) sth. 对表示反对 即学即练4(1)I _ th
8、e proposal. 我反对这个提议。(2)We _ like this.我们抗议这种待遇。(3)I feel _ getting up early.我极不愿意早起。object to/object to being treated/a strong objection to5obtain vt. 获得，取得；买到；借到即学即练5(1)I havent been able to _ anywhere.我到处都没买到那本书。(2)He failed to _.他没有获得奖学金。obtain that book/obtain a scholarship (3)Details can be _ t
9、he Ministry of Education.可以从教育部获知详情。obtained from6forbid vt. (forbade/forbad, forbidden) 禁止；反对forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事forbid that. 禁止(从句中常用“should动词原形”)forbid sb. sth. 禁止某人某事 即学即练6(1)Our school _.我们学校不允许学生吸烟。(2)Smoking should _ public places.公共场所应该禁止吸烟。forbids students to
10、 smoke/be forbidden in (3)His parents _.他的父母不准他喝酒。forbid him wine提示：forbid 后不能直接跟动词不定式做宾语，而是跟动名词做宾语，也可用 forbid sb. to do sth. 形式，有类似用法的单词还有 allow, permit, advise 等。7owe vt.欠(钱、物、债等)；应当给予(1)owe sb. sth.或owe sth. to sb.欠某人某物owe.to. 把归功于owe it to sb. that.多亏某人帮忙(2)owing tobecause of“因为，由于”，后接名词、代词、动名词做
11、宾语，构成介词短语，表原因。 即学即练7(1)Dont forget you still _ 150 yuan to the wine shop.别忘了，你还欠酒店150元钱呢。(2)He _ his success to hard work and practice.他把他的成功归功于努力工作和实践。owe/owes (3)If I have improved in any way, I _ it all to my teacher.如果说我有一些进步，这应该全部归功于我的老师。(4)You _ me an apology.你得向我道歉。(5)We should do the duty wh
12、ich we _ to our country.我们应对国家尽我们应尽的义务。Owe/owe/owe (6)I _ it to you that I finished my work in time.多亏你帮忙，我才及时完成了工作。(7)_ to the rain, they could not come.由于下雨，他们不能来了。Owe/Owing8bother vt. 打扰vi. 操心n. 烦扰；令人烦恼的事或人bother with/about sth. 花费时间或精力(做某事)bother sb. about/with sth. 使某人烦恼，不安It bothers sb. that./
13、to do sth. 使某人苦恼的是bother to do/doing sth. 操心做某事 即学即练8(1)Dont _ Mary while shes reading.玛丽读书的时候不要打扰她。(2)I dont want to _ you _ my problems.我不想让你因为我的问题而烦心。(3)Dont _ that trifling matter.别为那件小事烦恼。botherbotherwithbother about9strike vt. & vi.打，撞击，冲击，罢工，打动，划燃，侵袭，突然想起 n罢工，打击be struck with(by)为所侵袭；为所触动(感动)
14、It strikes me that.我觉得；我的印象是strike a match划火柴strike on/upon打在上；撞到上be on strike举行罢工go on strike实行罢工即学即练9(1)The workers _/_ because they wanted more money.工人们在罢工，因为他们要求增加工资。(2)When the clock _， the strike started.当钟敲响了五点，罢工开始了。were striking /on strike/struck five (3)The match _ because of the moisture
15、 of the air.由于空气潮湿，火柴划不着。(4)_ none of them trusts each other.他们当中没有一个人信赖对方这使我震惊。wont strike/It strikes me that (5)Great damage has been caused by the tornado which _ the area last week.上周侵袭这一地区的龙卷风造成了巨大的损失。struck10resist v. 忍住；顶住；抵御；反抗resistance n. 反抗resistant adj. 抵抗的；耐的resist sth. 抵制、阻挡某事resist do
16、ing sth. 反对做某事cant resist doing sth. 忍不住做某事be resistant to 对有抵抗力 即学即练10(1)The river banks could not _.河堤抵不住水压。(2)A healthy diet should help your body _.健康饮食有助于身体抵抗感染。(3)I could hardly _.我忍不住笑了起来。resist the water pressure/resist infection/resist laughing11pay off 得到好结果；取得成功；还清pay money for sth. 付钱买pa
17、y for sth. 买pay back 还钱，报复pay out 付出大笔款项；放松pay up 付清欠款 即学即练11(1)They _ their debt after ten years.十年后他们还清了债务。(2)Two hundred workers have _.200名工人已被结清工资了。(3)They took a hell of a risk but it _.他们冒了很大的风险，但事情成功了。paid off/been paid off/paid off1.bother/disturb/trouble/annoy这组词都表示“使人不得安宁”或“心烦意乱”。(1)bothe
18、r指干扰别人的正常生活和工作而使之不太安宁，可能是故意的，含有使人讨厌的意味。(2)disturb指使人失去正常秩序而一时得不到安宁，精力不能集中，语气比bother弱。 (3)trouble常指在心情上失去平静而感到忧虑、苦恼或行动上带来不便，也常用于礼貌的请求。(4)annoy通常指重复性的行为使(别人)生气。常用被动，表示为某事烦恼、生气。 应用1(1)I dont want to _ you _ my problems.我不想让你因为我的问题而担心。(2)Whats _ youmoney problems?什么事令你忧虑不安经济问题吗？(3)These flies are _ me.这
19、些苍蝇一直在烦我。Bother with/troubling/annoying (4)They were charged with _ public peace.他们被指控扰乱社会治安。disturbing2. obtain/earn/gain/get/win(1)obtain应用范围较广，含有“如期地达到目的或得到所希望的东西”之意，多用于正式场合。(2)earn表示经过艰苦努力而得到报酬，或得到了理应享有的某种待遇，其宾语多为金钱、荣誉等。 (3)gain指通过斗争、竞争或付出劳动而获得某种优势或达到某种目的。其宾语通常是经验、优势、利益、好处等。(4)get最常用，可指主动去“获得，得到
20、”，也可能是被迫“接受”，有时指不一定需要主动性或付出很大努力就能得到。(5)win多指在竞赛中“获得，赢得”，有时也用于指在战争中“获得”胜利，宾语通常是比赛、战斗、战争等。 应用2(1)She _ rich experience in teaching.她获得了丰富的教学经验。(2)She _ a bad cold yesterday.她昨天得了重感冒。(3)They _ the basketball match.他们打赢了这场篮球赛。Gained/got/won (4)We wished to _ the firsthand information.我们希望得到第一手情报。(5)He _
21、800 yuan of wages a month.他月薪八百元。(6)This custom still _in some districts.这种风俗在某些地区仍然流行。Obtain/earns/obtains3. strike/hit/beat/knock这四个词均有“打”的意思。(1)strike 通常表示“打一下、打若干下”，不一定都是有意的；还有“打动，使着迷，某种想法突然闪现在脑海里”的含义；也可指“打、擦出(火)，(蛇、兽)抓、咬，(钟)敲响”。 (2)hit 指“打中”“对准来打”“敲打或打击对方的某一点”，还可用来表示传染病或自然灾害“袭击”某一地区，而其他动词一般不这样用
22、。作“被想起”讲时，与 strike 同义。(3)beat 侧重“连续地打击”，如殴打或体罚；也指在游戏、竞赛或战争中击败对方；也指“心跳”。(4)knock 侧重于“敲打，叩击”，常用做不及物动词，通常与 at 连用。 应用3用 hit, strike, beat, knock 的适当形式填空(1)His heart _ violently.(2)In 2009, H1N1 _ China.(3)I was _ by her youth and enthusiasm.(4)Please _ at the door before entering.Beats/hit/struck/knock (5)_ while the iron is hot.(6)Happily, we heard our team _ the Japanese team.(7)The stone _ him on the head.Strike/beat/hit