1、专题四 语法填空全国卷 3 年考情统计表有提示词类无提示词类派生词谓语动词非谓语动词比较等级名词的数代词的格冠词介词代词并列连词从属关联词其他语境填词2019全国卷(说明文)2221/11/1/全国卷(记叙文)223/1/11/全国卷(记叙文)322/1/112018全国卷(说明文)21211/1/2/全国卷(说明文)322/1/2/全国卷(记叙文)2121/111/1/2017全国卷(说明文)12211/11/1/全国卷(说明文)321/1/111/全国卷(记叙文)222/1/11/1/3年统计2016184417621101语法填空考查词法和句法两方面的基础语法知识，兼顾语篇逻辑，惯用短语
2、和句型，着重考查考生的综合语言运用能力。1短文长度：200 个词左右，但词数有减少的趋势。2体裁和题材：体裁以记叙文和说明文为主，题材丰富多样。3考点分散：语法填空题基本上一个空格一个考查点，但重要的语法项目，如非谓语动词，不止设置一个空。4考查原则：每空不一定填一个词(特别是考查谓语或非谓语动词形式)，最多两个词，词形变化仅一次。5命题形式：给提示词的较多，一般 67 个，无提示词的较少，一般 34 个。首先通读全文、理解大意、弄清文章结构；然后理解句意、分析结构、找出成分、理清语义逻辑顺序，对有提示词的题目采用“一看二思”解题法，对无提示词的题目采用“二定”解题法，解题思维导图如下：第一节
3、 有提示词类(2019全国卷)The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland.While they are rare north of 88，there is evidence 61._ they range all the way across the Arctic，and as far south as James Bay in Canada.It is difficult to figure out a global population
4、of polar bears as much of the range has been 62._(poor)studied;however，biologists calculate that there are about 20，00025，000 polar bears worldwide.Modern methods 63._tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s，and are expensive 64._(perform)consistently over a large
5、area.In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 65._(report)increases in bear sightings around human settlements，leading to a 66._(believe)that populations are increasing.Scientists have responded by 67._(note)that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集)around humansettlements，leading to the illusion
6、(错觉)that populations are 68._(high)than they actually are.Of 69._nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations，three are declining，six 70._(be)stable，one is increasing，and nine lack enough data.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北极熊种群的活动范围和生存情况。61解析：此处缺引导同位语从句的连接词 that，说明 evidence 的具体内容，“证据表明”。答案：that62解析：此处应用副词作状
7、语修饰谓语动词 has been studied。答案：poorly63解析：是固定搭配，意为“的方法”。答案：of/for64解析：该句为“be形容词不定式”结构，主语 methods 与谓语动词 perform 为被动关系，用不定式的主动式表示被动含义。又如：Very large hotels are expensive to build and operate.答案：to perform65解析：由 in recent years 可知此处语境表示的是从过去某时一直持续到现在，故用现在完成时。答案：have reported66解析：根据空处之前的冠词 a 及后面的同位语从句可知，此处应
8、填名词 belief。答案：belief67解析：介词后应用 note 的动词-ing 形式 noting作宾语。答案：noting68解析：根据空处之后的 than 可知，此处用 high的比较级。答案：higher69解析：此处特指 19 种被辨认出的北极熊亚种群，因此用定冠词 the。答案：the70解析：根据空处前面的 are 及空处后面的 is 和lack 可知，本句是现在时态，又根据 six，因此此处填 are。答案：are一、常见命题形式高频考点谓语动词12题。考查时态、语态及主谓一致，其中涉及语态方面的不超过1题，答案最多三个单词非谓语动词12题。考查不定式、动名词与分词，每种
9、最多设1题派生词13题。考查方式有动词派生为名词、名词派生为形容词或动词、形容词派生为副词等。每种最多设1题名词01题。主要考查可数名词的复数，也可能会考查名词的所有格高频考点形容词和副词类01题。主要考查形容词和副词词性的转换，以及其比较级或最高级低频考点代词：01题。一般给出人称代词的主格，要求考生填其宾格、名词性或形容词性物主代词、反身代词等二、命题特点根据括号内的提示词可以判断该空考查的语法项目，具体如下：括号内是动词，要考虑谓语动词和非谓语动词两种情况。括号内是形容词，一般是考查副词，反之亦然；还需考虑比较等级。括号内是名词，要考虑名词单复数或词性变化。有提示词的题目采用“一看二思”
10、解题法。真题例析1(2019全国卷，节选)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 65._(report)increases in bear sightings around human settlements，leading to a 66._(believe)that populations are increasing.65解析：看到提示词为动词“report”，分析句子成分可知缺少谓语动词，由 In recent years 可知此处语境表示的是从过去某时一直持续到现在，故用现在完成时。答案：have reported66解析：看到提示
11、词为动词“believe”，根据空处之前的冠词 a 及后面的同位语从句可知，此处应填名词belief，动词派生词。答案：belief真题例析2(2019全国卷，节选)Modern methods 63.of/fortracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s，and are expensive 64._(perform)consistently over a large area.64解析：看到提示词为动词“perform”，分析句子谓语动词为“are”，基本句型结构为主系表结构；所以该句
12、为“be形容词不定式”结构，主语 methods 与谓语动词 perform 为被动关系，但用不定式的主动式表被动含义。答案：to perform真题例析3Scientists have responded by 67._(note)that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集)around human settlements，leading to the illusion(错觉)that populations are 68._(high)than they actually are.67解析：看到提示词为动词“note”，空前为介词by，应用非谓语动词形
13、式，所以介词后应用 note 的动词-ing 形式 noting 作宾语。答案：noting68解析：看到提示词为形容词“high”，考虑形容词的比较级或派生词；根据空处之后的 than 可知，此处用high 的比较级。答案：higher真题例析4(2019全国卷，节选)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62._(poor)studied;however，biologists calculate that there are about 2
14、0，00025，000 polar bears worldwide.62解析：看到提示词为形容词“poor”，考虑形容词的比较级或派生词，此处应用副词作状语修饰谓语动词has been studied，故形容词派生为副词 poorly。答案：poorly真题例析5(2019全国卷，节选)Of 69.the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations，three are declining，six 70._(be)stable，one is increasing，and nine lack enough data.70解析：看到提示词为系动词“be
15、”，空前有 six(subpopulations)，考虑谓语动词形式，根据空处前面的are 及空处后面的 is 和 lack 可知，本句是现在时态，又根据 six，因此此处填 are，“六个亚群体是稳定的”。答案：arePassage 1(2019全国卷)A 90yearold has been awarded“Woman Of The Year”for 61._(be)Britains oldest fulltime employeestill working 40 hours a week.Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at t
16、he pet shop in Macclesfield，62._ she opened with her late husband Les.Her years of hard work have 63._(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshires Woman Of The Year.Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene 64._(declare)she had no plans 65._(retire)from her
17、36-year-old business.Irene said，“I dont see any reason to give up work.I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 66._(make)over the years.I work not because I have to，67._because I want to.”Granddaughter Gayle Parks，31who works alongside her in the family businesssaid it remained
18、unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award.She said，“We dont have any idea who put grandma forward.When we got a call 68._(say)she was short-listed，we thought it was 69._ joke.But then we got an official letter and we were blown away.We are so proud of her.Its 70._(wonder)”【语篇解读】本文为记叙文。讲述了九十高龄的
19、Irene 作为英国最年长的全职员工，依然在宠物店做着朝九晚五的工作，没有退休的打算，她被颁发“年度女士”称号。61解析：考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词 for 可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填 being。答案：being62解析：考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为 the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened 一词的宾语，故用 which。答案：which63解析：考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知，此处应用副词形式作状语，修饰谓语动词 have been acknowledged，意为“最终得以认可”，故填 finally。答案：finally64解析：考查
20、谓语动词。根据上下文可知，该句主语为 Irene，空处为谓语成分，根据后文 had 以及 said 可知用一般过去时态，故填 declared。答案：declared65解析：考查不定式作定语。此处用 to do sth.作后置定语，用来修饰前面的名词 plan，表示“的计划”，故填 to retire。答案：to retire66解析：考查动词时态。根据该定语从句中的时间状语“over the years”可知，此处用现在完成时态，故填have made。答案：have made67解析：考查并列连词。根据句意逻辑可知，此处为转折关系，此处用 but 与前文 not 呼应，构成“不是而是”之
21、意，故填 but。答案：but68解析：考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式 saying 作后置定语，解释名词 call 的内容，call 与 say 是主动关系，故填 saying。答案：saying69解析：考查冠词用法。根据句意“我们还以为这是一个玩笑”可知，此处 joke 为泛指，故填 a。答案：a70解析：考查形容词作表语。根据句子结构可知，在系动词 is 之后用形容词形式作表语，故填 wonderful。答案：wonderfulPassage 2(2018全国卷)Diets have changed in Chinaand so too has its
22、top crop.Since 2011，the country 61._(grow)more corn than rice.Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 62._ past 25 years，while rice has increased only 7 percent.A taste for meat is 63._(actual)behind the change：An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens，pigs，and cattle.Another
23、 reason for corns rise：The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 64._(improve)water quality.Corn uses less water 65._ rice and creates less fertilizer(化 肥)runoff.This switch has decreased 66._(pollute)in the countrys major lakes andreservoirs and made drinking water safer for pe
24、ople.According to the World Bank，China accounts for about 30 percent of total 67._(globe)fertilizer consumption.The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government 68._(start)a soil-testing program 69._ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmersand 2011，fertilize
25、r use dropped by 7.7 million tons.That prevented the emission(排放)of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide.Chinas approach to protecting its environment while 70._(feed)its citizens“offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，”says the banks Juergen Voegele.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。中国近年
26、来根据人们的膳食变化调整农作物种植结构，为全球生态环境保护做出了贡献。61解析：考查时态和主谓一致。由时间状语 since 2011 可知句子用现在完成时，主语 the country 是第三人称单数，故谓语动词用 has grown。答案：has grown62解析：考查固定搭配中的定冠词。over the past 25 years“在过去的 25 年里”。答案：the63解析：考查词性转换之形容词变为副词。修饰be behind the change 用形容词 actual 的副词形式actually。答案：actually64解析：考查非谓语动词之动词不定式。此处表示“政府鼓励农民种植
27、玉米而不是水稻来改善水质”，故用不定式作目的状语。答案：to improve65解析：考查介词。由句中的比较级 less 可知，此处将玉米和水稻进行比较，故填 than。答案：than66解析：考查词性转换之动词变为名词。decrease“降低，减少”，后接名词作宾语，pollute 的名词形式是pollution。答案：pollution67解析：考查词性转换之名词变为形容词。修饰名词短语 fertilizer consumption 应用形容词，名词 globe 的形容词形式是 global。答案：global68解析：考查时态。由 2005 可知事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时，故谓语动词用 start 的过去式 started。答案：started69解析：考查引导定语从句的关系代词。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，修饰指物的 a soil-testing program 且在从句中作主语，故用 that 或 which。答案：that/which70解析：考查非谓语动词之现在分词。China 与 feed是主动关系，所以用“连词现在分词”形式作状语。答案：feeding
