1、专题三 完形填空第三节 说明文(2019 全 国 卷 )The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March_41_six months out of the year.“Of course，we_42_ it when the sun is shining，”says Karin Ro，who works for the towns tourism office.“We
2、see the sky is_43_，but down in the valley its darkerits like on a_44_day.”But that_45_when a system of high-tech_46_ was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks(山峰)into the valley below.Wednesday，residents(居民)of Rjukan_47_their very first ray of winter sunshine：A row of reflective boar
3、ds on a nearby mountainside were put to_48_ The mirrors are controlled by a computer that_49_them to turn along with the sun throughout the_50_and to close during windy weather.They reflect a concentrated beam(束)oflight onto the towns central_51_，creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meter
4、s.When the light _52_，Rjukan residents gathered together.“People have been _53_ there and standing there and taking _54_ of each other，”Ro says.“The town square was totally _55_I think almost all the people in the town were there.”The 3，500 residents cannot all_56_ the sunshine at the same time._57_
5、，the new light feels like more than enough for the towns_58_ residents.“Its not very_59_，”she says，“but it is enough when we are_60_”41A.only BobviouslyCnearly Dprecisely42A.fear BbelieveChear Dnotice43A.empty BblueChigh Dwide44A.cloudy BnormalCdifferent Dwarm45A.helped BchangedChappened Dmattered46
6、A.computers BtelescopesCmirrors Dcameras47A.remembered BforecastedCreceived Dimagined48A.repair BriskCrest Duse49A.forbids BdirectsCpredicts Dfollows50A.day BnightCmonth Dyear51A.library BhallCsquare Dstreet52A.appeared BreturnedCfaded Dstopped53A.driving BhidingCcamping Dsitting54A.pictures BnotesC
7、care Dhold55A.new BfullCflat Dsilent56A.block BavoidCenjoy Dstore57A.Instead BHoweverCGradually DSimilarly58A.nature-loving Benergy-savingCweather-beaten Dsun-starved59A.big BclearCcold Deasy60A.trying BwaitingCwatching Dsharing【语篇解读】本文属于说明文。介绍了北欧的一个小镇长达半年没有阳光照射，在附近的山顶安装了一套阳光反射板设备后，情况得以改善。41 解 析：根 据
8、 前 文 from late September to mid-March 可知，从九月底到三月中旬，差不多半年，故选 C。答案：C42解析：根据后文“We see the sky is_23_，but down in the valley its darker”可知，太阳照耀的时候，我们观察得到，故选 D。答案：D43解析：根据常识可知，有太阳的时候，天空是蓝色的，故选 B。答案：B44解析：根据前文“down in the valley its darker”可知，山谷是暗的，像阴天一样，故选 A。答案：A45解析：根据后文可知，小镇引入一套阳光反射板后改变了这种情况，故选 B。答案：B4
9、6解析：根据后文“The mirrors are controlled”“to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks”可知，从附近的山顶上反射太阳光，故可知是镜子，故选 C。答案：C47解析：根据句意可知，该镇的居民获得了冬天里的第一缕阳光，故选 C。答案：C48解析：根据前一句“their very first ray of winter sunshine”可知，获得了冬天的第一缕阳光，是由于反射板投入使用了，故选 D。put sth to use“把某物投入使用”。答案：D49解析：句意：这些镜子由电脑控制，指导他们整天跟着太阳的位置移动而移动，在
10、大风的天气就自动关闭。本句描述这套系统的工作原理，电脑控制镜子的移动，故选 B。答案：B50解析：根据文章可知，太阳光出现在白天，故选 A。答案：A51解析：根据后文“The town square”可知，镜子反射聚集的光会照在小镇的中心广场上，故选 C。答案：C52 解 析：根 据 后 文“Rjukan residents gathered together”可知，当光照出现的时候，居民便聚集在广场上，故选 A。答案：A53解析：根据本句“and standing there”可知，光照出现的时候，人们会出来活动，坐在那里，站在那里，故选 D。答案：D54解析：根据文章可知，会彼此拍照，故选
11、 A。答案：A55解析：根据后文“I think almost all the people in the town were there.”可知，差不多全镇的人都在广场上，故可知广场全是人，故选 B。答案：B56解析：根据句意可知，并不是 3 500 名居民都能同时享受到太阳光，故选 C。答案：C57解析：由语境可知前后句属于转折关系，故选 B。答案：B58解析：根据前文可知，小镇差不多半年没有阳光，故可知小镇人们渴望阳光，故选 D。答案：D59解析：根据前文可知，广场不是很大，但居民们彼此分享时，它足够了。故选 A。答案：A60解析：参见上题解析。答案：D一、常见命题形式说明文完形填空一般
12、有明确的说明对象，这个对象可以是实物，也可以是抽象的理论、概念、方法、技巧或风俗习惯、节日庆典、自然和社会现象等。在英语中，人与自然的许多话题如天文地理、人情世故、主观意识等一切都可以通过说明文加以阐述说明。二、命题特点说明文一般语言简练，按照一定的规律介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系等。常见的说明文有人物介绍、产品说明、解说词、实验报告、习俗介绍、节日介绍等。说明文的文章多用现在时态，语言平实、准确；常采用客观描述；文章主题明确，层次分明。在解答说明类完形填空时应注意下面的解题技巧：明确说明对象，理清段落关系。通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象是从哪一个角度或侧面对其加以说明
13、的。在阅读过程中要概括、总结每一段说明的侧重点，理清各段之间的逻辑关系，加深对说明对象的理解。弄清说明顺序，把握作者态度。在说明的过程中作者会选择合理的说明顺序对说明对象进行有条不紊的解说。把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加深对整篇文章的理解。常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序(如因果关系、果因关系、先主后次等)和认识顺序(如由此及彼、由浅入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质、由具体到抽象等)。另外，在理清作者思路的基础上，还要注意反映作者态度的关键词或关键句，把握作者的写作情感和意思。一、句内层次题真题例析1(2019 全 国 卷 )The small town of Rjuk
14、an in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March_41_ six months out of the year.41A.only BobviouslyCnearly Dprecisely解析：利用生活常识和文化背景解题。根据前文“from late September to mid-March”可知，从九月底到三月中旬，差不多半年，故选 C。答案：C真题例析2(2019全国卷)“Of course，we 42.n
15、otice it when the sun is shining”，says Karin Ro，who works for the towns tourism office.“We see the sky is _43_，but down in the valley its darkerits like on a _44_ day.”43A.empty BblueChigh Dwide44A.cloudy BnormalCdifferent Dwarm43解析：利用生活常识和文化背景解题。根据常识可知，有太阳的时候，天空是蓝色的，故选 B。答案：B44解析：利用对应成分分析法解题。根据前文“d
16、own in the valley its darker”可知，山谷是暗的，像阴天一样，故选 A。答案：A二、句组层次题真题例析1(2019全国卷)But that 45.changed when a system of high-tech_46_was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks(山 峰)into the valley below.Wednesday，residents(居民)of Rjukan 47.received their very first ray of winter sunshine：A row o
17、f reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to_48_The mirrors are controlled by a computer.46A.computers BtelescopesCmirrors Dcameras48A.repair BriskCrest Duse46解析：利用语义复现解题。根据后文“to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks”和“The mirrors are controlled by a computer”可知是镜子，故选 C。答案：C48解析：利用语境暗示
18、分析法解题。根据前一句“their very first ray of winter sunshine”可知，获得了冬天的第一缕阳光，是由于反射板投入使用了，故选 D。put sth.to use“把某物投入使用”。答案：D真题例析2(2019全国卷)The mirrors are controlled by a computer that_49_them to turn along with the sun throughout the_50_and to close during windy weather.49A.forbids BdirectsCpredicts Dfollows50A
19、.day BnightCmonth Dyear49解析：利用逻辑关系解题。句意：这些镜子由电脑控制，指导他们整天跟着太阳的位置移动而移动，在大风的天气就自动关闭。本句描述这套系统的工作原理，电脑控制镜子的移动，故选 B。答案：B 50解析：利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据文意可知，太阳光出现在白天，故选 A。答案：A真题例析3(2019全国卷)“I think almost all the people in the town were there.”The 3，500 residents cannot all_56_the sunshine at the same time.57.However
20、，the new light feels like more than enough for the towns_58_ residents.56A.block BavoidCenjoy Dstore58A.nature-loving Benergy-savingCweather-beaten Dsun-starved56解析：利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题。根据句意可知，并不是 3 500 名居民都能同时享受到太阳光，故选 C。答案：C58解析：利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题。根据前文可知，小镇差不多半年没有阳光，故可知小镇人们渴望阳光，故选 D。答案：D三、语篇层次题真题例析(2019全国
21、卷)“.I think almost all the people in the town were there.”The 3，500 residents cannot all 56.enjoy the sunshine at the same time._57_，the new light feels like more than enough for the towns 58.sun-starved residents.57A.Instead BHoweverCGradually DSimilarly解析：利用全文语境暗示分析法解题。结合文意并分析，前一句意思为并不是 3 500 名居民都
22、能同时享受到太阳光，后一句，新的光线对于半年都见不到阳光的人们来说已足够了。故可知前后句属于转折关系，故选 B。答案：B(2019广州高三综合测试)Always wished the Earth had a second moon？Then you will be_1_to hear that the Chengdu Aerospace Science and Technology Microelectronics System Research Institute has plans to launch multiple mini moons over the next few years.
23、Similar to the_2_satellite，the light of the artificial orb(球体)will be obtained from the sun and_3_to Earth by its mirror-like coating.According to its designers，the_4_of light being reflected can be controlled from Earth and the light can even be_5_，if necessary.While the multiple mini moons will ce
24、rtainly appear picturesque，their main purpose is to conserve_6_The Chengdu Aerospace experts claim the mini moons dusk-like glow will allow the government to eventually_7_costly streetlights in cities.They estimate that using the artificial satellite to light up Chengdus streets at night will_8_the
25、city 1.2 billion yuan annually.Since the orbs location can be_9_moved，it could also be used to shine light over disaster-struck areas that have lost_10_Once the first mini moon is_11_successfully，the experts plan to launch three_12_ones.Together，the satellites，which will take turns depending on thei
26、r_13_in relation to the sun，are expected to _14_an area of 3，600 to 6，400 square kilometers.While the orbs will be_15_through a telescope from anywhere on the globe，their real beauty will only be seen by visiting Chengdu.Officials，_16_，believe they will be a huge tourist attraction，helping improve t
27、he citys_17_As is often the case with major_18_，some experts are concerned.They_19_that the moons will impact on the sleep patterns of humans and animals.However，officials believe the satellites will cause little，if any，_20_1A.pleased BsurprisedCalarmed Drelieved2A.traditional Bunique Cnatural Dfamo
28、us3A.carried BreflectedCintroduced Dtransformed4A.colour BspeedCsource Damount5A.sent out Bswitched offCgiven away Dturned down6A.resources BanimalsCfarmland Dspace7A.rebuild BexpandCimprove Dremove8A.bring BleaveCsave Dcost9A.hardly BeasilyCfrequently Dnormally10A.money BhomeCcontact Dpower11A.trav
29、elling BappearingCworking Dsignaling12A.additional BspecialCbright Dcolourful13A.size BimportanceCposition Dfunction14A.pick up Btake upChold up Dlight up15A.reliable BvisibleCavailable Dtestable16A.therefore BhoweverCotherwise Dmoreover17A.population BeducationCtechnology Deconomy18A.drawbacks Bbre
30、akthroughsCevolution Dconflict19A.doubt BconcludeCworry Dagree20A.disturbance BdestructionCsatisfaction Ddiscussion体裁：说明文 题材：科技前沿 主题：人造月亮【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。成都航天科工微电子系统研究院计划在未来几年发送人造月亮用以反射太阳光线，利用反射光可以照亮成都夜晚的街道，从而节能省钱。1解析：根据语境可知，如果你一直盼望有第二个月亮的话，那听到在未来几年会发射多颗微型“月亮”，你会感到高兴(pleased)。答案：A2解析：根据该句中的“the light
31、of the artificial orb(球体)will be obtained from the sun”并结合常识可知，从太阳中获取光是自然卫星的普遍特点，而这种人造球体和自然卫星类似。C 项意为“自然的，天然的”，故C 项正确。答案：C3解析：根据该句中的“by its mirror-like coating”并结合物理常识可推知，该处指太阳的光线被反射到地球，B 项意为“反射”，故 B 项正确。答案：B4解析：根据该句中的“can be controlled from Earth”并结合语境可知，可以从地球上控制光的量；D 项意为“数量”，故 D 项正确。答案：D5解析：根据语境可知
32、，在地球上可以控制光的量，如果有必要，甚至可以关闭光源。B 项意为“关掉”，故B 项正确。A 项意为“发出，分发”；C 项意为“泄露，赠送”；D 项意为“拒绝，调低”。答案：B6解析：根据下文中的“They estimate that using the artificial satellite to light up Chengdus streets at night”可知，利用这种人造卫星可以照亮成都夜晚的街道；结合该句可知，制造这种人造卫星旨在节约资源。A 项意为“资源”，故 A 项正确。答案：A7解析：根据下文利用这种人造卫星可以照亮成都夜晚的街道可知，专家称这种光将使政府最终能够移除
33、城市中昂贵的路灯。D 项意为“移走，去掉”，故 D 项正确。答案：D8解析：根据语境可知，他们估计，在夜间利用人造卫星照亮成都的街道，每年可以节省 12 亿元人民币。C 项意为“节省”，故 C 项正确。答案：C9解析：根据上文可以在地球上控制光的量并结合该句可知，由于人造月亮的位置可以轻易移动，故它也可以用来照亮受灾地区。B 项意为“轻易地”，故 B 项正确。答案：B10解析：根据该句中的“to shine light over disaster-struck areas”可推知，受灾地区电源断了，可以利用人造月亮照亮受灾地区。D 项意为“电，电力”，故D 项正确。答案：D11解析：根据语境可
34、知，一旦人造月亮成功运作，专家们将计划发射另外三个。C 项意为“运转，运行”，故 C 项正确。答案：C12解析：参见上题解析。A 项意为“另外的”，故A 项正确。答案：A13解析：根据该句中的“in relation to the sun”并结合常识可知，这些卫星将根据它们相对于太阳的位置反射光线，预计照亮 3 600 至 6 400 平方公里的区域。C 项意为“位置”，故 C 项正确。答案：C14解析：参见上题解析。D 项意为“照亮”，故 D项正确。A 项意为“拿起，学会”；B 项意为“占据，开始从事”；C 项意为“举起，支撑”。答案：D15解析：根据该句中的“through a teles
35、cope”可知，虽然地球上任何地方都可以通过望远镜看到这些球体，但它们真正的美只能通过参观成都才能看到。visible 意为“可见的”，符合语境，故 B 项正确。A 项意为“可依靠的”；C 项意为“可用的”；D 项意为“可检验的”。答案：B16解析：根据上文可知，只有通过参观成都才能看到球体的美；结合该句中的“they will be a huge touristattraction”可知，它们将成为游览的一大吸引点；根据句意可知，前后句有逻辑上的因果关系，A 项意为“因此”，故 A 项正确。答案：A17解析：根据语境并结合常识可知，官员们相信，这些人造月亮将成为一个巨大的旅游吸引点，帮助促进城市的经济发展。D 项意为“经济”。故 D 项正确。答案：D18解析：根据上文可知，人们将发射人造月亮用来反射太阳的光；结合该句可知，重大的突破常常会引起专家的担心。B 项意为“突破”，故 B 项正确。A 项意为“缺点”；C 项意为“进化，演变，发展”；D 项意为“冲突”。答案：B19解析：根据前一句中的“concerned”并结合该句可知，他们担心这些人造月亮会影响人类和动物的睡眠模式。答案：C20解析：参见上题解析并结合该句可知，然而官员们认为，这种人造月亮不会给人们带来干扰或带来很少干扰(disturbance)。答案：A
