1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家第二板块攻克重难动词专题一动词的时态和语态 知 识 梳 理 一、英语中的16种时态一般进行完成完成进行现在时态do /does sth.am /is /are doing sth.have /has done sth.have /has been doing sth.过去时态did sth.was /were doing sth.had done sth.had been doing sth.将来时态will /shall do sth.will /shall be doing sth.will /shall have done sth.will /shall
2、have been doing sth.过去将来would /should do sth.would /should be doing sth.would /should have done sth.would /should have been doing sth.二、各种时态的用法1现在时态一般现在时表示经常性的或习惯性的动作、状态、性能等，常与表示频率的时间状语always, seldom, often, sometimes, every day, once a week等连用I wear my old shoes every day. Im always pleased to try
3、out a new variety. It is seldom that it rains in such a time in winter. Students often travel hundreds of miles to get here. He always sleeps with the windows open.表示客观真理、格言以及不受时间限制的客观存在The earth moves around the sun. Columbus proved that the earth is round. The moon travels round the earth once eve
4、ry month.在时间、条件、让步状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来时，主句多用一般将来时The volleyball match will be put off if it rains.I will not stop my fight against slavery until all slaves are free.表示按时间表、计划、规定发生的动作The train starts at 10 oclock in the morning.The plane for Wuhan takes off at 830 this morning.现在进行时表示说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态Pleas
5、e dont make so much noise. Im writing a composition. Its four oclock in the afternoon. The children are playing football on the sports ground. The children are flying kites in the park.表示现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事情We are working in a factory these days.We are working under extreme pressure at the moment.We are
6、 making a film about wildlife.与always, constantly, frequently, continually, forever, all the time等连用，表示赞叹、赞扬、厌恶、不满等情感Hes always quarrelling with others.She is constantly worrying about her sons health.Mary is complaining all the time and it makes all of us e, go, start, open, close, arrive, return,
7、begin, leave等动词用于进行时，表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作They are leaving for New York tomorrow.The company is opening a new flagship store in London.The truth is beginning to come out about what happened.不用于进行时态的动词表示存在的动词stay, remain, keep, contain等表示所有的动词have, belong to, own, hold, possess等表示感观的动词look, seem, appear, t
8、aste, feel, sound等表示情感的动词love, like, prefer, hate等表示思想、信念的动词think, consider, believe, trust, guess, wonder, forget, know, understand, realize, suppose, agree等现在完成时表示过去的动作或事情对现在的影响或结果，常用的时间状语有：recently, lately, before, yet, ever, never, once, just等The house has changed hands several times recently.I
9、havent heard any news from my son lately.As a matter of fact, Ive never been there before.I have just begun this story book.表示从过去某一时刻持续到现在的动作，这一动作还可能持续下去，常用的时间状语有：since, up till now, so far, for a long time, in the last /past few years等He has worked in the factory since last year.Yet this system has
10、 worked pretty well up till now. Hello, Carol. How are you? I havent seen you for a long time.So far we have not found an effective way to cure AIDS.表示到目前为止一段时间内发生的重复的行为，即表示一种经历；谓语动词可用非延续性动词，但须与时间状语连用He has often gone to Beijing these years. (现在不一定在北京)表示“这是第几次做某事”；This /It is第几次that从句，从句用现在完成时This i
11、s the first time I have eaten dumplings.It is the first time I have come to America.It is the fourth time that she has made such a mistake.现在完成进行时表示动作从过去一直持续到现在，可能刚刚结束，可能还在进行，并且可能还会进行下去Pippas parents have been waiting for them. For years we have been dreaming better housing and jobs.表示直到说话为止的一段时间里一直
12、反复进行的动作Weve been discussing the matter several times this year.People have been talking of it a lot recently.现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别现在完成时表示动作已经完成，着重结果I have watered the flowers. (已经浇了花)现在完成进行时表示动作的进行，强调动作的持续性I have been watering the flowers this morning. (一直在浇花)2过去时态一般过去时表示过去某一具体时间发生的动作或存在的状态；常用的时间状语有：yest
13、erday, last year, in 2014, the other day, in those days, during the night等Yesterday he went off to buy himself a brandnew car.Last year, he mailed the documents to French journalists.We had lunch the other day at our favorite restaurant.They knew how to get themselves up in those days.In the year 17
14、75, there was a wine shop. 表示过去发生的经常、反复的动作或状态When I was a child, I often played football in the street.Mrs. Smith used to have a big house in downtown.表示实际上“刚刚”发生的动作，但没有表明发生的具体时间I didnt notice where I was going.在时间、条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时They said they would let me know as soon as they got there. He said he
15、 would not go if it rained.表示过去时间内连续发生的动作At four oclock, Polly left work and stepped out into the fog.过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事情；常与过去的时间状语连用My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. It was raining when they left the station. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun
16、 was shining. 表示过去一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行When Paul knocked at the door, Jim was watching TV in the living e, go, arrive, begin, leave等动词用于过去进行时，表示过去按计划、安排将要发生的动作I phoned my mother to ask what time she was coming home.He said she was arriving the next day.与always, all the time等连用，表示说话人的赞叹、厌恶等情绪He was alway
17、s showing off at parties when young.过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成的动作The train had started when I got to the station.The minute I saw a lady getting off the bus, I knew it was she, for I had seen her before.表示开始于过去某一时间的动作或状态延续到过去另一时间，并且可能持续下去，常与for, since连用These neighboring states had lived in peace for c
18、enturies.hope, think, intend, expect, mean等动词的过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望、计划等He had hoped to set a new world record, but was frustrated by bad weather.I had intended to make a cake, but I ran out of time. He had expected to stay only about three months at the longest.“This /It was第几次that从句”， that从句谓语动词用过去完成时Th
19、is was the first time they had met in thirtynine years. It was the first time we had spoken together.“hardly /scarcely.when.”和“no sooner. than.”结构中，主句谓语动词用过去完成时No sooner had we left the village than it began to rain. Hardly had the game begun when it started raining.Scarcely had he arrived when he h
20、ad to leave again. 过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用于宾语从句中She said she would be there at seven oclock, and she thought she would keep her word.He said he would wait for us at the bus stop.was /were going to, was /were about to do以及过去进行时可以表示过去将来时She was about to walk out of the door when the telephone
21、 rang.He was going to start work the following week.一般过去时与现在完成时的区别现在完成时表示发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，不与确定的过去时间状语连用He has cleaned the room, and it is clean now.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事情、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，不强调对现在的影响，常与确定的过去时间状语连用He cleaned the room an hour ago, but its dirty now.3.将来时态一般将来时“will /shall do”表示客观上势必将要发生的事情或
22、临时做出的打算，常与表示将来的时间状语：next time, tomorrow, before long, later on, in the future等连用Maybe youll have better luck next time.Unfortunately he wont be here tomorrow evening.Ill tell you all about it later on.“be going to do”表示主观计划、打算做某事或根据某种迹象表明某事即将发生Look at the clouds. It is going to rain.They are going t
23、o move to a new house next week.“be to do”结构表示按计划、约定或按职责、义务必须去做的事或即将发生的动作He is to stand for York at the next election.No student is to leave the room.“be about to do”结构表示不久或即将要发生的动作，一般不与时间状语连用The autumn harvest is about to start.He is about to leave for Shenyang.现在进行时表示将来，表示计划好或准备要做某事The ship is lea
24、ving for New York soon. He is coming up to Beijing University next term.将来进行时指从现在算起将来某个时间正在进行的动作，或已经做好安排，认为某事肯定会发生I can say that Turan will be playing in Italy next season.表示委婉语气Will you be having some tea? 将来完成时表示在将来某一时刻将完成或在另一个未来的动作发生之前已经完成的动作；也可以用来表示一种猜测He will have completed his task by evening.
25、三、被动语态的用法各种时态的被动语态一般现在时的被动形式：am /is /are doneThe tables are firmly fixed to the floor.一般过去时的被动形式：was /were doneHe was trapped in a burning house during WW.She was possessed by the desire to be rich when he was poor.一般将来时的被动形式：will /shall be done, am /is /are going to be doneThe jewels will be held i
26、n trust for the girl till she is twenty. Your suggestion shall be carefully considered. 过去将来时的被动形式：would/should be done, was /were going to be doneShe said that she would be given a bike as a birthday gift.现在进行时的被动形式：am /is /are being doneI have a feeling that we are being followed.Many dated expres
27、sions are being dropped from the new dictionary.过去进行时的被动形式：was /were being doneMy bike was being repaired at that time.Trees were being planted at 6 oclock yesterday.现在完成时的被动形式：have /has been doneThe front cover of the novel has been torn off.Those boys have been allowed to go to the cinema.过去完成时的被动
28、形式：had been doneThey had been warned many times before they carried out the plan.特殊形式的被动结构get被动结构：get done表示一些突然、偶然或预想不到的事情On my way home I got hurt by a football.表示自身所做的一些动作get changed, get dressed, get washed, get married, get lost, get confusedhave被动结构： have sth. done表示有计划地请别人做某事，被动动作由他人执行Your ha
29、ir is too long. You should have it cut.表示一种消极经历，被动动作由他人执行He had his left arm injured trying to save a comrade.I had my wallet stolen with my passport.表示使役，强调某个事情被完成了，被动动作由主语执行We need to talk about when you will have the Hanson project finished.主动形式表示被动意义look, sound, smell, taste, prove, feel等连系动词可用主
30、动形式表示被动意义Some beer and chocolate taste bitter. The idea sounds good but will it work in practice？open, close, shut, move, lock等作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，用主动形式表示被动意义，常与cant, wont等连用The door wont shut.The supermarket doors shut automatically.read, write, sell, clean, cook, burn, draw, cut, wear, wash等与well, e
31、asily, quickly等副词连用时Books of this kind sell well. This cheese doesnt cut easily. Its too soft.“beadj.to do”结构中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语时This kind of water isnt fit to drink.This question is difficult to answer. The room is comfortable to live in.want, require, need, deserve, be worth后跟动名词时This wall needs painting.The baby requires to be looked after. The baby needs /wants to be looked after. The baby requires /needs /wants looking after.“have宾语to do”结构中，不定式逻辑主语为主语时，用主动形式表示被动意义；否则用不定式的被动语态Do you have any homework to do? (you为to do的逻辑主语)Do you have clothes to be washed? (wash的逻辑主语未出现)- 9 - 版权所有高考资源网