1、专题四介词和数词 知 识 梳 理 介词一、介词的功能介词短语的句法功能作定语The skyscraper in the distance is a fivestar hotel. 作状语Her eyes were tired from long reading.作表语The decision is of great importance.作补足语They found the machine in a bad state.介词的宾语名词、代词Dont forget to turn off the lights before leaving your classroom.Dont hide beh
2、ind others.数词There was only one piece of cake, but we can cut it into two.The students began to show up by twos and threes.When we went in, we found his room at sixes and sevens.形容词、副词Her pronunciation is far from perfect.His uncle is from abroad.动词ing形式I succeeded in passing the driving test.On arr
3、iving in Venice, we knew that it was a city of water.动词不定式The plane is about to take off.宾语从句She got very angry because of what he had said.I am thinking of how I shall do more for the people.疑问词不定式短语Marx gave us some advice on how to learn foreign languages.动词原形His father had nothing to do all day
4、except play cards.介词短语The boy jumped from behind the door.The ball rolled out from under the table.介词的省略of的省略The two girls are (of) the same age.from的省略Nobody can prevent us (from) getting married.You must stop her (from) telling such lies.in的省略He spends nearly half of his monthly income (in) buying
5、 books.He wasted time (in) doing nothing.on的省略Keep (on) talking amongst yourselves. Ill be back in a minute.二、常用介词的用法比较表示时间的介词at, on, inat表示时间点，也可表示节假日at 300, at noon, at that time, at Christmason表示一天或某天的一部分on Monday, on Friday evening, on September 24in表示少于或多于一天的时间段in the evening, in a week, in thr
6、ee days, in 2015, in my childhoodmorning, evening, afternoon, night等名词如果有表示具体某一天的名词修饰时，用onon Monday morning, on a cold winter morningby, during, for, till, untilby表示“不迟于，到为止”by six oclock, by the end of last monthduring表示一段持续的时间，也可以表示这段持续时间中的某一点或某一刻during the summer vacationfor表示一段时间，后面接具体的时间单位，后面的名
7、词常用复数I have been working here for five years.till和until表示一段时间，till/until用在肯定句中与持续性动词连用，until用在否定句中，与瞬间动词连用Although the lecture was very boring, he stayed till/until the end of it.I didnt leave until 11 oclock.表示地点、位置、方向的介词at, in, onat一般指较小的地方I met him at the store.in一般指较大的地方They arrived in Tianjin y
8、esterday.on一般指面与线接触的地方The picture is hanging on the wall.in, on, toin表示在某一范围内Baoding lies in the middle of Hebei Province.on表示两地接壤Canada is on the north of the USA.to表示范围之外Japan is to the northeast of China.by, beside，nearby，beside表示“在的旁边”There is a small house by the river.He was standing beside hi
9、s father.near表示“接近，近”There is a school near my house.from, out offrom强调起点，表示“从”The plane from New York arrives at 1110.out of强调从里向外，表示“从里出来”She took some paper out of her bag.between，amongbetween表示在两者之间The secret is only between you and me.among表示指三者或三者以上的之间The teacher was standing among the student
10、s.表示原因的介词for, from, of, through, with, because of, due to, owing to, for fear of, on account of, out of, thanks to等都可以表示原因He was shaking with cold.The girl fell ill from eating too little.表示工具、方式、手段的介词by, in, withby多用在无形的工具或手段前，by与名词之间无限定词by hand, by means ofin多用在语言、材料前in ink, in Englishwith多用在有形的工具
11、、表示身体器官的名词前，with与名词之间可以有限定词We see with our eyes.We are digging with spades (铁锹)by, in, onby交通工具，之间无冠词by air, by car, by bus, by bikein/on限定词交通工具go to work in my car, on the buswith表示“和一起，有在场” Will you come to the cinema with us? 表示“随着，与一道”With time passing by, he has become used to the climate there
12、.表示“具有，携有”The teacher comes into the classroom with some books in his hand.表示方式或状态He likes to go to bed with the windows open.of抽象名词be of抽象名词beadj.be of valuebe valuableto情感类名词to ones名词to the名词of sb.to ones surpriseto the surprise of sb.to ones joy, to ones regret, to ones relief, to ones disappoint
13、ment常见的介词短语out of place，except for，except that，beyond description，account for, on account of, in a way, in particular, in charge, as a result of, in case (of)., be tired of, be proud of, the answer/key to, next to, similar to, due to, thanks to, popular with, above all, on behalf of, after all, in t
14、erms of, in need of, in favour of, in return, in short, apart from, instead of, regardless of, in detail, in general, on purpose, in place of, in search of, for fear of, in exchange for, in addition to, in spite of, in vain, beyond reach, far from, free from, by the way, be fond ofHis speech is perf
15、ect except for pronunciation.The park is beautiful beyond description.The manager had to step down on account of poor health.Take your skates in case you decide to go skating.Cathy thought that she had the answer to everything.It can not be measured in terms of money.He went to Paris in search of wo
16、rk as an unskilled labourer.It became obvious that all her complaints were in vain.分词形式的介词including, considering, regarding, concerningShe writes for many papers, including the Sunday Times. Shes very active, considering her age.She has said nothing regarding your request.For more information concer
17、ning the club contact Robert.数词基数词15 fifteen, 50 fifty, 55 fiftyfive, 505 five hundred and five序数词5th fifth, 15th fifteenth, 50th fiftieth, 505th five hundred and fifth分数1/2 a /one half, 1/4 one fourth或a quarter, 3/4 three fourths或three quarters, 5(3/5) five and three fifths小数0.123 zero point one tw
18、o three, 13.201 thirteen point two zero one百分数25% twentyfive percent, 14.28% fourteen point two eight percent倍数两倍 twice/double/two times, 五倍 five times数词的句法功能主语The two happily opened the box.宾语I need three altogether.表语She is the second in our class.定语Four students are playing volleyball outside. 数词
19、的应用表示确指eight students, one hundred dollars, thirtyfive years old表示约指dozens of几十，许多； scores of几十个； hundreds of 数百； thousands of数千； millions of数百万； billions of 数十亿表示时间、日期408 four eight或eight (minutes) past/after four1015 ten fifteen或a quarter past tenFebruary 24(th), 2015 2015年2月24日in the 1990s/in the
20、 1990s在20世纪90年代表示编号Number 21/No.21 第21号；Room 204 204房间；Street No.5/the No.5 Street 第5大街数词前冠词的使用表示“又一，再一”Now tell me why you took a second arrow.Mr. Lu, who is good at maths，has been called a second Hua Luogeng.数词与序数词构成的复合形容词前，冠词的使用取决于所修饰的名词This is a secondhand bookstore.I dont like to wear secondhand clothes.