1、基础篇句子由各个组成部分构成，这些组成部分叫作句子成分。句子成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语和同位语等。一、主语句子的主体主语是句子的主体，用于说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行者，除倒装句外，一般位于句子的开头。主语通常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等充当。(2019年全国卷书面表达) My aim is to let China go to the world and let the world understand China. (名词作主语)我的目标是让中国走向世界，让世界了解中国。(2017年全国卷书面表达)To start with, what I i
2、ntend to stress is that we are about to start our next lesson in Classroom 8 of the Teaching Building at 10 am.next Friday. (从句作主语)首先，我想强调的是下星期五上午10点在教学楼8教室我们将开始下堂课。Forming a good habit in our daily life is of great benefit to us. (动名词短语作主语)在日常生活中养成好习惯对我们非常有益。即学即练1. (四川卷书面表达)不同的人喜欢不同的季节；我最喜欢的季节是春季。(
3、名词短语作主语)Different people like different seasons; _ is spring.答案：my favourite season2. (江西卷书面表达)与别人友好相处是你应该学会的第二件事。(不定式短语作主语)_ is the second thing you should learn.答案：To get along well with others3. (天津卷书面表达)我打算告诉你的是关于我们学校向你们中文班赠书之事。(从句作主语)_ is about donating books from our school to your Chinese cla
4、ss.答案：What I am going to tell you4. (全国卷书面表达)我们学校摄影俱乐部将举办国际中学生摄影展。(名词短语作主语)_ is going to hold an International High School Student Photography Show.答案：Our school photography club二、谓语主语的行为谓语可以用来描述主语的行为动作、状态或特征。实义动词(短语)可以单独作谓语，有时态、人称和数的变化；系动词不能单独作谓语，系表结构才可以作谓语；助动词和情态动词也不能单独作谓语，“助动词/情态动词实义动词”可以作谓语。(201
5、9年全国卷书面表达)I am writing this letter asking to be a volunteer. (实义动词作谓语)我写信想申请一名志愿者。(2019年全国卷书面表达)We are confident that we can win this competition. (系表结构作谓语)我们非常自信我们能赢得这次比赛。(2017年全国卷书面表达)The exhibition will start from June 16th and last for more than a week. (“情态动词实义动词”作谓语)展览将从六月16号开始并持续一个多星期。即学即练5.
6、(湖北卷书面表达)半小时后，我设法找到了正确答案。(实义动词作谓语)Half an hour later, I_ to find the correct answer.答案：managed6他早上七点起床时，脑海里突然有了个大计划。(动词和动词短语作谓语)When he _ at 700 am., a big plan _ him.答案：got upoccurred to7手表在我们日常生活中是必要的，但它的功能太简单呆板了。(系表结构作谓语)The watch _in our daily life, but its function _.答案：is necessaryis too simpl
7、e and dull8对于组织课堂活动，我们可能有不同的观点。(“情态动词实义动词”作谓语)We_ different opinions in organizing class activities.答案：may have三、宾语动作的对象宾语是动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词的后面。可以用作宾语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和从句等。(2019年全国卷书面表达)Im glad to learn that your gallery will hold a Chinese painting exhibition. (名词短语作宾语)我很高兴得知你们画廊将举办一场中国画展。(20
8、19年天津卷书面表达)Personally, Id like to learn about western paintings. (不定式作宾语)就我个人而言，我想学习西方绘画。(2019年全国卷书面表达) I am writing to inform you that our team is going to play in the National League. (从句作宾语)我写信是为了告诉你我们队将要参加全国联赛。即学即练9. (全国卷书面表达)我已经写了申请书和个人简历。(名词短语作宾语)Ive already written _.答案：the application letter
9、 and personal resume10他突然想在启程之前再看看这座城市的美景。(动名词短语作宾语)Suddenly he thought of _ before setting out.答案：seeing the beautiful views of the city again11我们的成功取决于我们彼此合作的良好程度。(从句作宾语)Our success depends on _答案：how well we can cooperate with one another四、表语主语的特征表语与前面的系动词一起构成复合谓语(系表结构)，用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。可以用作表语
10、的有：名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、分词和从句等。(2019年全国卷书面表达) Im a Chinese student who is taking a summer course in London now. (名词作表语)我是一个正在伦敦上暑期班的中国学生。(2018年全国卷书面表达) I am on the volleyball team, and I like volleyball very much. (介词短语作表语)我是排球队的并且我非常喜欢排球。即学即练12. (全国卷书面表达)这次展览的主题是环境保护。(名词作表语)The theme of the sho
11、w is _答案：environmental protection 13. (湖南卷书面表达)那时，我成了全班的焦点，充满了自豪和自信。(形容词短语作表语)At that moment, I became the focus of the whole class and was _答案：full of great pride and confidence14几分钟过去了，但是整个班级一片寂静。(介词短语作表语)Several minutes passed but the whole class was _答案：in complete silence15最重要的是学会控制你的脾气，这样你可能就不
12、会做一些后悔的事或说出使你后悔的话。(不定式短语作表语)The most important thing is _ so that you may not do or say anything youll regret.答案：to learn to control your temper五、定语名词的修饰语定语是用来描述名词的品质与特征的修饰语，它常和名词构成名词短语。单个词作定语时常放在被修饰词之前，而短语和从句作定语时往往放在被修饰词之后。可以用作定语的有：形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动名词、分词和从句等。(2019年全国卷书面表达)Every participati
13、ng team is great and ready for the game. (分词作定语)每一个参赛队都很优秀，都为比赛做好了准备。 (2017年全国卷书面表达)Papercutting has a history of over 1，500 years, which belongs to traditional art in China. (从句作定语)剪纸有1 500多年的历史，在中国它属于传统艺术。即学即练16我们可能有各种各样解决此类情况的方法。(不定式短语作定语)We may have various ways _答案：to deal with such a situation
14、17据报道，同学们提供的所有书籍都在几天前送给了乡下的孩子们。(过去分词短语作定语)All the books _ are reported to have been sent to the children in the countryside the other day.答案：offered by the students18李华对于浪费在玩电脑游戏上的宝贵时间感到多么后悔啊！(定语从句作定语)How Li Hua regretted the valuable time _！答案：(that) he had wasted on the computer games19. (全国卷书面表达)
15、欢迎所有感兴趣的学生参加。(从句作定语)Any student _ is welcome to participate.答案：who is interested六、状语动词、形容词、副词或句子的修饰语状语是用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的一种成分。可以用作状语的有：副词、名词、数词、形容词、介词、短语、不定式、分词、独立主格和从句等。(2019年北京卷书面表达)While working, I realized how hard it was to work in the fields under a hot sun. (分词作状语)工作的时候，我意识到在烈日下的田野里工作是多么的辛苦。
16、(2019年全国卷书面表达)According to the concert poster, many music masterpieces will be played by a famous band. (介词短语作状语)根据音乐会海报，一个著名的乐队将会演奏许多音乐名曲。(2019年全国卷书面表达)I would appreciate it if you could agree to my request. (从句作状语)如果你能同意我的要求，我将不胜感激。即学即练20旅行了一周后，他回到了家，感到很累但很高兴。(介词短语和形容词作状语)_，he returned home, _答案：A
17、fter a weeks triptired but very happy21. (北京卷书面表达)为了解决这个问题，我和同学们进行了讨论，想出了一个建议并汇报给了校长。(不定式短语作状语)_，my classmates and I discussed it and came up with a suggestion, and later reported to the headmaster.答案：To solve this problem七、补语宾语或主语的补充说明补语是用来说明宾语或主语的性质、状态等的一种句子成分。补充说明主语意义的句子成分叫作主语补足语；补充说明宾语意义的句子成分叫作宾
18、语补足语。可以用作补足语的有：形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、不定式、分词和从句等。(2019年全国卷书面表达)All in all, my sense of responsibility will make me a qualified volunteer. (名词作宾补)总而言之，我的责任感会使我成为一个有资格的志愿者。Well try our best to make our country more and more beautiful. (形容词作宾补)我们将尽全力使我们的国家越来越美丽。即学即练22科普书能帮助我们学生对科学和自然更感兴趣。(不定式短语作宾补)Popular scie
19、nce books can help us students _答案：to become more interested in science and nature23为了学好英语，我们应该尽可能多地找机会听英语。(过去分词作宾补)To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _ as much as possible.答案：spoken24. (全国卷书面表达)我希望变化没有给你带来太多的麻烦。(名词作宾补)I hope the change will not cause you _答案：too muc
20、h trouble八、同位语对名词或代词进一步的解释说明对句子中的名词或代词作进一步解释、说明，与前面的成分在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫作同位语。可以用作同位语的有：名词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、动名词和从句等。(2019年全国卷书面表达)Im Li Hua, your Chinese friends. (名词短语作同位语)我是李华，你的中国朋友。(2017年天津卷书面表达)There is no doubt that I will improve its reputation through my efforts. (从句作同位语)毫无疑问，我将会通过我的努力提高它的声誉。即学即练
21、25他们三个想一起步行周游世界。(数词作同位语)They _ want to travel around the world together on foot.答案：three26我们打算去当地一家敬老院过即将到来的重阳节，该节日显示了我们对老年人的尊重。(名词作同位语)We are going to the local nursing home for the coming Double Ninth Festival, _ for us to show our respect for the elderly.答案：a holiday27我认为，我们应该去帮助他们克服目前的困难。(从句作同位语)I hold the opinion _答案：that we should go to help them (to) overcome the present difficulty