1、SectionUsingLanguage,SummingUp&LearningTip课时过关即时巩固一、根据句意和汉语提示写出单词或短语1He said he (扮演一个角色) in the play the year before.答案:had played a part2The moment I saw Mary,I (认出) her.答案:recognized3Please sit (直) and listen to me carefully.答案:straight4Judging from his (口音),he comes from Australia.答案:accent5My ho
2、metown lies in the (西北) China.答案:northwestern二、同义句转换1She played a role in the play.She played in the play.答案:a part2Though he is a farmer,he knows much about science.he is,he knows much about science.答案:Farmer as/though3The little boy likes the way that the actor speaks.The little boy likes the way
3、the actor speaks.答案:in which4American English has so many dialects because people have come from all over the world.The reason American English has so many dialects is people have come from all over the world.答案:why;that5Some people who live in the mountains of the eastern USA speak with an older ki
4、nd of English dialect.Some people in the mountains of the eastern USA speak with an older kind of English dialect.答案:living三、阅读理解AIs it possible that the people of the world today could agree upon a single international language that everyone would be able to speak and understand?In the United Natio
5、ns there are five official languagesEnglish,Chinese,Russian,French and Spanish.How about making one of them into an international language?English has been worked on for this purpose.A basic list of 850 English words named Basic English was made.These are the verbs in the entire (整个的)list:“come,go,g
6、ive,keep,let,do,put,make,say,be,seem,may,will,have,send”.Writing in Basic English may require you to use a greater number of wordsas in having to say “It came to my ears” instead of “I heard”but you can still say anything you want to with just 850 different words and a few suffixes (后缀)and prefixes
7、(前缀).This is a much smaller number of words to have to be remembered than the ordinary number offered to the students of a foreign language.But people have always had a need to do more than simply “tell it as it is”.Language is for reporting not only ones work.For this,a language needs idioms,needs
8、all kinds of grammar and style (文体)that show its history and development just as a person needs eyebrows (眉毛).Is there some special reason why our lips should be a different colour from the rest of our face?Perhaps not,but this is how peoplereal peopleare.For communication between people,languages o
9、f all kinds will remain to reflect (反映)the growth and soul of the societies that speak them.1If we write a composition in Basic English,it will be .A.longer than usualB.shorter than usual C.hard for us to express what we want to doD.able to express ourselves in different styles 答案:A解析:推理判断题。由第二段第六句可
10、知,想表达“Iheard”需要用“Itcametomyears”来代替,这表明用BasicEnglish写出来的作文应该比通常的情况要长。2Which of the following statements is NOT true?A.Basic English is easier for students to learn.B.Languages can reflect the growth of the mankind.C.Grammar and idioms are still necessary for us.D.Basic English will take the place of
11、 other languages.答案:D解析:细节理解题。由第二段最后一句可知A项的叙述是正确的;由第三段可知B项和C项的叙述正确。只有D项的内容没有被提到。3We can learn from the text that .A.the words used in Basic English are strictly limited to 850 words B.Basic English is not a natural development of the English language C.Basic English can be used to express our though
12、ts easily D.Basic English seems not so easy to learn 答案:B解析:推理判断题。由第二段第四句可知BasicEnglish并非英语语言自然发展的产物。4In the authors opinion,different societies languages are used to .A.reflect their growth and soul B.show their work C.communicate with those from other societiesD.show off their wisdom 答案:A解析:细节理解题。
13、由短文最后一句可以得出,不同社会的语言可以反映它们的发展和精神。BWhat is language for?Some people seem to think its for practising grammar rules and learning lists of wordsthe longer the lists,the better.Thats wrong.Language is for the exchange (交流)of ideas and information.Its meaningless knowing all about a language if you cant u
14、se it freely.Many students I have met know hundreds of grammar rules,but they cant speak correctly or fluently.They are afraid of making mistakes.One shouldnt be afraid of making mistakes when speaking a foreign language.Native speakers make mistakes and break rules,too.Bernard Shaw(萧伯纳)once wrote,“
15、Foreigners often speak English too correctly.”But the mistakes that native speakers make are different from those that Chinese students make.Theyre English mistakes in the English language.And if enough native speakers break a rule,it is no longer a rule.What used to be wrong becomes right.People no
16、t only make history,but they make language.However,a person can only make his/her own language.He/She cant make another peoples language.So Chinese students of English should pay attention to grammar,but they shouldnt overdo (做过头)it.They should put communication(交际)first.5Language is used to .A.expr
17、ess oneselfB.practise grammar rulesC.talk with foreigners onlyD.learn lists of words答案:A解析:细节理解题。由原文中的“Languageisfortheexchange(交流)ofideasandinformation.”可知这句话和“expressoneself”表达的意思相同,即“表达自己想说的话”。6“Foreigners often speak English too correctly.”This sentence means that .A.foreigners speak correct Eng
18、lishB.foreigners speak incorrect EnglishC.foreigners speak English according to the grammar rulesD.foreigners never make mistakes when they speak English答案:C解析:推理判断题。根据上下文,非英语国家的人在学英语时,首先要学许多的语法规则,由此推出他们说话时总是套规则,太死板。7If too many native speakers break a rule,.A.what they use will become rightB.they a
19、re against the lawC.they should say sorry to othersD.they will become heroes答案:A解析:推理判断题。由文中的“Andifenoughnativespeakersbreakarule,itisnolongerarule.Whatusedtobewrongbecomesright.”可知如果足够多的母语使用者都打破某项语法规则,那就不再是规则,错误的东西就成为正确的东西。这与A项的叙述一致。8When we speak a foreign language,we should .A.speak in Chinese wa
20、yB.follow the rulesC.speak to native speakersD.not be afraid of making mistakes答案:D解析:推理判断题。通过文章我们知道语言的作用是什么,而且更明确在学习外语时不仅要学语法,更重要的是学会使用这种语言来交流,不能怕犯错误。四、完形填空Throughout history,people have been interested in knowing how language first began,but no one knows exactly where or how this happened.1,we do
21、know a lot about 2,the languages of today and also the languages of 3 times.There 4 probably about three thousand languages in the world today.Chinese is the language 5 the most speakers.English,Russian and Spanish are also spoken by millions of people.6,some languages in the world have less than on
22、e hundred speakers.There are several important 7 of languages in the world.For example,most of the languages of 8 are in one large family 9 the Indo-European language family.The original(最初的)language of this family was spoken about 4,500 years 10.Many of the present languages of Europe and India are
23、 modern 11 of the language of 4,500 years ago.Languages are 12 changing.The English of today is very different 13 the English of 500 years ago.In time some even 14 completely.About 1,000 years ago 15 was a little-known relative of German 16 on one of the borders (边界)of Europe.If a language has 17 sp
24、eakers or if it is very old,there may be 18 in the way it is spoken in different areas.19,the language may have several dialects.Chinese is a good example of dialect differences.Chinese has been spoken for thousands of years by millions of speakers.The differences among the dialects of Chinese are s
25、o great that speakers of Chinese from some parts of China 20 understand speakers from other parts.1A.ButB.SoC.HoweverD.Besides答案:C解析:语言的起源一直是人们感兴趣的事情,但是没人确切地知道语言的起源究竟是怎样的。然而,我们还是对语言有许多了解。but后不能出现逗号。2A.EnglishB.historyC.ChineseD.languages答案:D解析:由上下文可知此处一直是在讲对语言的认识,而不单纯是对汉语或英语的认识。3A.earlierB.laterC.mo
26、dernD.hard答案:A解析:人们对现在的语言以及更早的语言有所了解。由上下文可知此处与today对应。4A.isB.areC.wasD.were答案:B解析:由后面的“aboutthreethousandlanguagesintheworldtoday”可知此处应用be动词的一般现在时的复数形式。5A.forB.withC.inD.of答案:B解析:由with引导的介词短语做定语,修饰language,表示“汉语是使用人数最多的一种语言”。6A.InawordB.OntheonehandC.WhatsmoreD.Ontheotherhand答案:D解析:上文指出汉语是使用人数最多的一种语
27、言,接着又说英语、俄语和西班牙语也有数百万人使用,后文话锋一转讲到,还有不到一百人使用的语言,所以此处用ontheotherhand。7A.formsB.systemsC.familiesD.changes答案:C解析:由后面的内容可知语言有几大语系,用families表示。下文的onelargefamily也是提示。8A.EuropeB.AsiaC.AfricaD.America答案:A解析:由后面的“Indo-Europeanlanguagefamily”可知,欧洲的大多数语言都属于一个大的语系印欧语系。9A.calledB.spokenC.callingD.speaking答案:A解析:
28、过去分词called做定语,表示“被称作”。10A.beforeB.agoC.laterD.old答案:B解析:由前面的“wasspoken”可知,此处应该用与一般过去时连用的ago。before用于过去完成时的句子中。11A.timesB.familiesC.formsD.members答案:C解析:现在印度与欧洲的一些语言实际上就是4,500年以前的语言的现代形式(forms)。12A.alwaysB.seldomC.oftenD.sometimes答案:A解析:由下文可知,语言一直都在发展变化。always与现在进行时连用表示“总是”。13A.aboutB.withC.betweenD.
29、from答案:D解析:bedifferentfrom“与不同”,为固定短语。14A.dieoutB.dieawayC.diedownD.dieoff答案:A解析:经过一段时间有些语言完全消失了。dieout“灭绝,死光,消失”;dieaway“逐渐模糊,逐渐减弱”;diedown“逐渐变弱,暗淡”;dieoff“相继死去”。15A.SpanishB.EnglishC.ChineseD.Russian答案:B解析:一千年前的英语还与当时人们讲的德语有亲戚关系。16A.calledB.toldC.spokenD.named答案:C解析:表示“讲(某种语言)”用speak,此处用过去分词做定语表示被
30、动。17A.agreatdealofB.afewC.alittleD.alotof答案:D解析:讲某种语言的人多或某种语言很古老,那么不同地区人们说话的方式就有差别。A、C项只修饰不可数名词;afew表示“几个”,意义不符。18A.speakersB.differencesC.differenceD.changes答案:B解析:由上文可知此处指人们说话方式的不同,用复数形式。19A.ThatisB.ThereforeC.InfactD.However答案:A解析:此处是对上文的说明:也就是说(thatis),一种语言可能有几种方言。20A.mustntB.maynotC.wontD.cant答
31、案:D解析:方言的差别如此之大,以至于来自不同地区的人都无法相互沟通。此处表示“不会,不能”,故用cant。五、语篇填空There are thousands of languages in the world.English is one of the worlds most 1.(wide)used languages.It is 2.(speak) by nearly three hundred million people:in the United States,Britain,Canada,some Caribbean countries and South Africa.As a
32、 3.(two) language,English is often necessary for business,education,information and other activities in a good many countries 4. as India,Pakistan and so on.It is also one of the 5.(work)languages in the United Nations and is used 6.(much)than the others.English has become the language of internatio
33、nal trade and transport.7. has been said that 60 percent of the worlds radio broadcasts and 70 percent of the worlds mails are 8. English.At international sports meets,at meetings of scientists 9. different countries and at talks of 10.(write) from the corners of the earth,English is mostly used.So English has also become the language of international cooperation in science and technology.答案:1.widely2.spoken3.second4.such5.working6.more7.It8.in9.from10.writers