1、2021高考英语语法填空精读精炼（十）Part 1：文本欣赏Not for jazzWe have an old musical instrument.It is called aclavichord.It was made in Germany in 1681.Our clavichord is kept in the living-room.It has belonged to our family for a long time.The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago.Recently it was damag
2、ed by a visitor.She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken.My father was shocked.Now we are not allowed to touch it.It is being repaired by a friend of my fathers.Part 2：文本解析一）词汇学习 Word study1.damage（1）n. 损害，损失，伤害：The storm has done a lot of damage
3、to the village.暴风雨给这座村庄造成了很大损失。 （2）vt. 损害，毁坏，损坏：The car was badly damaged in the accident.在这次事故中，这辆车受到了严重的损坏。 2.touch（1）vt.,vi. 触摸，碰：You are not allowed to touch the vase.你们不许碰花瓶。You can look at the pictures, but you cant touch them.你们可以观看这些画，但不可以摸。（2）vt. 谈及，涉及，关系到：A rise in the cost of living touch
4、es everyone.生活费用的增加与每个人都有关系。3.与被动形式的made连用的几个介词动词make经常用于被动语态。当它与不同的介词搭配时，意义也稍有不同。（1）made in可表示产地或时间：This bike was made in China.这辆自行车是中国造的。It was made in 1988.它生产于1988年。（2）made of表示用某种材料制成（通常指制造后不改变该材料原来的性质或形状）：This chair is made of wood.这椅子是木制的。（3）made from表示用某种材料制成，或者是制造后改变了材料原来的性质或形状：Paper can b
5、e made from wood.用木材可以造纸。（4）made by表示由谁制造：This skirt was made by Mary.这条裙子是玛丽做的。二）课文详注1.We have an old musical instrument.我家有件古乐器。instrument常用的意思是“器械”、“器具”，尤指医疗、机器等方面的。但它可以用来泛指各种乐器。 2.It is called a clavichord. 被称做古钢琴。call在这里的意思是“把称为”、“称呼”，既可用于主动语态，也可用于被动语态：What do you call this?你们把这称为什么？They call h
6、im big Tom.他们叫他“大个子汤姆”。 3.It has belonged to our family for a long time. 我们家有这件乐器已经很久了。belong为不及物动词，因此不能用于被动语态。另外，它是一个表示状态的动词，而不是行为动词，所以它也不能用于进行时。它最常用的时态是一般现在时和一般过去时：This farm belongs to me and it belonged to my father before me.这个农场现在属于我；在此之前它属于我父亲。 4.She struck the keys too hard and two of the str
7、ings were broken.她在击琴键时用力过猛，损坏了两根琴弦。并列连词and在这里的意义相当于so，表示后一句是前一句的结果。再如：He fell heavily and broke his arm.他摔得很重，手臂都摔断了。三）本课语法1.被动语态(The passive)(1)主动语态与被动语态皆指动词的形式而言。在主动句中，动词的主语是执行动作的人或物：John cooked the food last night.约翰昨天晚上做了饭。在被动句中，动作是对主语执行的：The food was cooked last night.饭是昨天晚上做的。被动语态由be的一种形式和过去分
8、词构成。主动语态的时态用法规则也适用于被动语态。例如：现在正在进行着的动作也要用现在进行时：The instrument is being repaired by a friend of my fathers.父亲的一个朋友正在修理这件乐器。 已经完成的动作要用完成时：动词作及物动词用（即动词后可加宾语）时才能构成被动语态。如果要说明是什么人或什么东西做了某事，则用“by+ 行为主体”结构：I live in a very old town which is surrounded by beautiful woods.我住在一个由美丽的树林环绕的古老小镇上。That table was mad
9、e by my grandfather.那张桌子是我祖父做的。“行为主体”也可以不表示出来：This piano was made in England.这架钢琴是英国造的。The car was repaired last week.这辆车是上星期修的。2双重所有格(The double genitive)-s 结构的所有格也可用于“of结构”之后，如：a friend of my fathers（我父亲的一位朋友），意思是我父亲的许多朋友之一。出现这种情况是因为在一个名词前通常只用一个限定词。例如在son一词之前，我们不会同时用this和my两个限定词，而只可说this son of mi
10、ne（我的这个儿子）其他一些表示所属关系的代词的例子如a friend of yours（你的一个朋友），an uncle of hers（她的一个叔叔）等。在名词前面，我们可以用a, this,that, these, some, any, no等等，但不用 the。He is a friend of mine（他是我的一个朋友）比He is my friend更常用，后者含有“他是我的一个特殊的或惟一的朋友”之意。而He is no friend of mine的含义是“我根本不认识他”或“他是我的敌人”。Part 3：文本翻译 不适于演奏爵士乐我家有件古乐器，被称作古钢琴，是1681年德
11、国造的。我们的这架古钢琴存放在起居室里。我们家有这件乐器已经很久了，是我祖父在很多年以前买的。可它最近被一个客人弄坏了，因为她用它来弹奏爵士乐。她在击琴键时用力过猛，损坏了两根琴弦。我父亲大为吃惊，不许我们再动它。父亲的一个朋友正在修理这件乐器。Part 4：语法填空Not for jazzWhat happened to the clavichord?We have an old musical instrument.It is called a clavichord.It was made 1 Germany in 1681.Our clavichord 2 (keep)in the li
12、ving room.It has belonged 3 our family for a long time. The instrument 4 (buy) by my grandfather many years ago.Recently it was damaged by a 5 (visit). She tried 6 (play)jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings(线)were 7 (break).My father was 8 (shock). Now we are not allowed to touch 9 .It is being repaired by a friend of my 10 (father).参考答案1. in 2. is kept 3. to 4. was bought 5. visitor 6. to play 7. broken8. shocked 9. it 10. fathers