1、必修一 Unit 5 Nelson Mandelaa modern heroLanguage points语言要点（模块）单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）词汇部分词语辨析1. fight for/against/with 2. reward / award3. accept / receive4. since / because / as / for词形变化1. cruel adj. 残暴的, 残忍的cruelty n. 残暴, 残忍2. hope n. v.希望; 期望hopeful adj. 有希望的, 顺利的, 有前途的hopeless adj. 没有希望的; 令人绝望的3.
2、 educate vt. 教育education n. 教育; 教育体制educated adj. 受过教育的; 受过训练的重点单词1. devote vt. 投入；献身 2. vote v. 投票（决定）；选举n. 投票, 选票,表决, 得票数3. reward n. 报酬，奖金vt. 酬谢，给以报答4. equal adj. 平等的；相等的5. advise v. 建议重点词组1. be in prison 在狱中，被监禁2. out of work 失业,出问题3. lose heart 丧失勇气或信心重点句子1. We were put in a position in which w
3、e had either to accept we were less important, or fight the Government. 2. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.重点语法定语从句 （见语法部分） 词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料) 1. fight for/against/with【解释】fight for/against/withfight for 为而斗争；努力争取 fight against 与作斗争 fight with 和并肩作战，和打仗/打架/斗争 【练习】用正确的fight短
4、语填空1). We will have to _ difficulties. 2). They told the workers to _ their rights. 3). During World War II, the British _ Frenchmen against Germans. Keys:1). fight against2). fight for 3). fought with 2. reward / award 【解释】award用作名词时，意为“奖品”、“奖金”、“奖”;reward作名词时，作“报酬”、“奖励”、“报答”讲。【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
5、1). The film _ are presented annually 2). A _ was offered for the return of the passport Keys: 1). awards2). reward 3. accept / receive【解释】accept (接受)表示主观上乐意接受。还表示“答应”、“同意”、“认同” receive (收到,得到), 表示客观收到, 还不能断定是否接受。还表示“接待”、“接收”、“欢迎”【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空I _ his letter of invitation, but I didnt _ it.Ke
6、ys:receivedaccept4. since / because / as / for【解释】since =now that 意为“由于,既然”,常表示已知的或大家都清楚的原因。because表语气最强, 经常表听者不知的原因,它能回答why的提问。as 可和because互换,但语气不够它强,也不能回答why的提问。for 是并列连词,与后面的分句对前一句话起到补充说明的作用,其前常有逗号隔开。【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1). I cant go _ Im ill.2). _ the rain has stopped, lets go out for a walk.3)
7、. _ Im leaving tomorrow, Ive bought you a gift.4). It must have rained last night, _ the ground is wet. Keys: 1). because2). Since 3). As 4). forII词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料）1. cruel adj. 残暴的, 残忍的cruelty n. 残暴, 残忍2. hope n. v.希望; 期望hopeful adj. 有希望的, 顺利的, 有前途的hopeless adj. 没有希望的; 令人绝望的3. educate vt. 教育educa
8、tion n. 教育; 教育体制educated adj. 受过教育的; 受过训练的【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空 1) She is a highly _ woman (educate)2) Parents should _ their children to behave well. (educate)3） A child receives its early _ at home. (educate)4） Many a young _ went to Hollywood. (hope)5） Our _ for fine weather were not disappointed.
9、(hope)6） Most of the students are making good progress but Jeremy seems a _ case. (hope) 7) Dont be _ to animals. (cruel)8) He saw a lot of _ in the prison camp. (cruel)Keys: 1) educated2) educate3) education4) hopeful 5) hopes 6) hopeless7) cruel 8) cruelty 重点词汇 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）1. devote vt. 投入；献身典例
10、1). He devoted himself entirely to music. 他将一生奉献给了音乐。2). Mary devoted her life to caring for the sick. 玛丽献身于为病人服务。重点用法devote to 献身于；专心于在devote to短语中，to是介词，后面接名词或动词-ing。常见的类似短语还有：pay attention to（注意）; stick to（坚持）; lead to（导致）; preferto（相比更喜欢）; look forward to（盼望）;练习 中译英1). 她深爱她的孩子。2). 我们应全力以赴地工作。Key
11、s: 1). She is devoted to her children. 2). We should devote all our efforts to our tasks.2. vote v. 投票（决定）；选举n. 投票, 选票,表决, 得票数典例 1). We voted Democrat in the last election. 我们在上次的选举中投了民主党的票。2). Well listen to the arguments on both sides and then vote on it. 我们会先听取双方的论证后再作表决。3). The votes are still b
12、eing counted. 选票仍在统计中。重点用法vote down 投票否决；投票击败vote in 投票选出；选举vote through 表决通过put to the vote 将付诸表决take/have a vote on 对进行表决vote for/against 投票赞成/反对练习用恰当的介词或副词填空。1). The suggestion was voted by a large majority.2). Shall we take a vote the question?3). The issue was put the vote.4). Was the vote or t
13、he matter?Keys:1). through 2).on 3). to 4). for; against3. reward n. 报酬，奖金vt. 酬谢，给以报答典例1). He worked hard but without much reward. 他工作很努力，但是报酬很少。2). He rewarded me with a prize. 他用一个奖励来报答我。重点用法in reward (for) 作为（对的）报酬、报答give a reward to sb. for sth. 为给某人报酬、赏金reward sb. for (doing) sth. 因报答、奖赏某人rewar
14、d sb. with sth. 用报答、奖赏某人练习 中译英1). 她的善良没有得到任何回报。_2). 她向他报之以一笑。_Keys: 1). She got nothing in reward for her kindness.2). She rewarded him with a smile.4. equal adj. 平等的；相等的典例 1). Women demand equal pay for equal work. 女性要求同等工作获同等报酬。2). All people are born equal. 人人生来平等。重点用法 be equal to 与相等be equal wit
15、h 与平等练习 中译英1). 一单位酒精等于半品脱啤酒。_2). 他们认为，在上帝眼中穷人和富人是平等的。_Keys: 1). One unit of alcohol is equal to half a pint of beer.2). They believe that in the sight of God the poor are equal with the rich.5. advise v. 建议典例 1). I have advised you on that subject. 在那个问题上，我给过你建议.2). Christie advises us to practise o
16、ral English as often as possible. Christie建议我们要尽可能多练口语.3). I advise that you (should) not eat fruit that isnt ripe. 我建议你不要吃那些没有熟的水果.重点用法advise sb. on sth. 就给某人出主意advise +n. /pron. 建议advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人干advise (ones) doing sth. 建议（某人）干advise + (that) sb. (should) doadvice n. 建议；意见a piece of ad
17、vice一条建议go to sb. for advice = ask sb. for advice向某人寻求建议；征询某人的意见give advice to sb. on sth.就对某人提供建议follow sbs advice = take sbs advice 接受某人的建议练习 中译英1). 我建议换个方式。 _2). 我们建议他们应该及早开始。_Keys: 1).Id advise taking a different approach.2). We advised that they should start early/advised them to start early. 重
18、点词组 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）1. be in prison 在狱中，被监禁典例 1). He fought for the black people and was in prison for thirty years. 他为黑人而战且坐过三十年牢。2). He has been in prison for five years for stealing. 因为偷东西, 他曾在监狱呆过5年.短语归纳 putin prison = sendto prison = throw into prison 把投入监狱The car thieves have been put in prison.
19、 那些偷车贼都被关进监狱了。练习 用be, put, send, throw的恰当形式填空。1). The lawyer finally the murderer into prison.2). The robber in prison for several years.3). The thief begged the guard for not him to prison.4). Last year, the man in prison for stealing a car. Keys: 1). threw 2). has been 3). sending 4). was put2. ou
20、t of work 失业,出问题典例 1). Jim has been out of work for several months. 吉姆已经失业几个月了。2). Marys cell phone has been out of work for several days, which brought her a lot of inconvenience. 玛丽的手机坏了好几天了，这给她带来了很多不便。短语归纳 in work 有工作out of breath 上气不接下气 out of patience 不耐烦out of use 没用了 out of date 过时out of orde
21、r 次序颠倒；出故障 out of control 失控out of danger 脱离危险 out of shape 变形Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见, 心不烦。练习用适当的介词（短语）填空。 1). Although my computer is date now, but its still use.2). After fours operation, the patient has been danger.Keys: 1). out of; in 2). out of3. lose heart 丧失勇气或信心典例1). He failed many ti
22、mes, but he didnt lose heart. 他失败了许多次，但他并没有失去信心。2). No matter what you do, never lose heart. 不管你做什么，千万不要失去信心。短语归纳 lose ones job 失业 lose ones balance 失去平衡lose ones breath上气不接下气 lose ones heart (to sb/sth) 爱上lose ones life 丧生; 遇害 lose face 丢脸; 受屈辱练习 中译英1). 不要失去信心，一切都会好起来的。 _2). 她喜欢上了一位年轻士兵。_Keys: 1).
23、Dont lose heart, all will turn out well. 2). She lost her heart to a young soldier.V 重点句子 （旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）1. We were put in a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the Government.我们被置于这样一种境地，或者是被迫承认我们低人一等，或者是与政府作斗争。解释 这是一个主从复合句，in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词position。类似的名词还有
24、situation, stage, case等，作先行词时，可用where引导定语从句Can you think of a situation where you once felt embarrassed?拓展：介词+关系代词which在定语从句中充当时间、地点、原因状语，相当于关系副词when, where和why。He is the boss of the restaurant where （= in which） we often have lunch.Today when （= on which） the product will be put into use will come
25、soon.The reason why（= for which） he was late for school was unbelievable.练习 中译英1). 你能想起让你尴尬的情形吗？_2). 他迟到的原因令人难以置信。_Keys:1). Can you think of a situation where you once felt embarrassed?2). The reason why(= for which) he was late for school was unbelievable.2. Only then did we decide to answer violen
26、ce with violence. 只是在那时我们才决定以暴力对暴力。解释当only修饰状语位于句首时，句子采用部分倒装的结构, 将助动词或系动词提前，放在主语前。Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 只是在那时我们才决定以暴力对暴力。Only yesterday did his father tell him the truth, which was a big surprise to him. 昨天他父亲才把真相告诉他, 这对他真是个令人吃惊的消息.Only by shouting was he able to
27、make people on the other side of the river hear him. 他只有靠大声喊才能使河对岸的人们听到他的声音。练习 中译英1). 昨天他父亲才把真相告诉他, 这对他真是个令人吃惊的消息。_2). 他只有靠大声喊才能使河对岸的人们听到他的声音。_Keys:1). Only yesterday did his father tell him the truth, which was a big surprise to him. 2). Only by shouting was he able to make people on the other side
28、 of the river hear him.单元自测 （模块）1完形填空 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从2130各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。字数：214完成时间：14分钟难度：* On Keeping a Diary in English Keeping a diary in English is one of the effective ways to improve our English writing ability. Compared with other forms of writing, it is 21 and takes less
29、time. It can help us to develop the habit of thinking in English. If we 22 to this practice, gradually, well learn how to express ourselves in English. In keeping a diary in English, we certainly 23 up against a lot of difficulties. In the first place, it often happens that we have trouble finding 2
30、4 words and phrases to give 25 to our mind. Secondly, there are many idiomatic ways of saying things in Chinese. And it is extremely 26 for us to put them into English properly. Surely, there are some other 27 we may come across in keeping a diary in English. As far as I am concerned, my suggestion
31、is that we should always have a(n) 28 and a Chinese-English dictionary within easy 29 . Whenever something beats us, we can put it down in our notebook and then consult our dictionary. We can also 30 to English teachers for help, if necessary. In short, I believe that it is of great use to keep a di
32、ary in English for the development of our writing skills.21. A. longer B. shorter C. thicker D. better22. A. insist B. stick C. contribute D. refer23. A. run B. bring C. come D. turn24. A. approximate B. appropriate C. appreciative D. approachable25. A. idea B. advice C. expression D. explanation26.
33、 A. easy B. hard C. good D. bad27. A. roadblocks B. methods C. ways D. objects28. A. pen B. backpack C. eraser D. notebook29. A. hand B. sight C. reach D. ability30. A. run B. turn C. fly D. oppose答案： 21B下文提到需要更少的时间，所以应该是比较短而不是更长或者更厚，这里没有比较质量问题，所以不可能是“更好”。 22B考察动词短语。根据意义，应该用stick to表示坚持。insist on坚持；
34、contribute to对有贡献；refer to参考；谈到；涉及。 23A. 考察动词短语。run up against遭遇困难)；bring up抚养；come up against面对；遭到的反对。 24B根据上文提到的写英语日记的困难，应该是“在找合适的词语时会有困难。” 25C. 写英语日记的目的是为了提高写作技巧，提高自我表达能力，因此应该是在找合适的词语进行，自我表达。 26B这段话的大意是在谈论写英语日记的困难或者会遇到的问题，所以可确定答案是hard 27A. roadblocks障碍。从上文和there are some other可以看出这里是说：还有其他的困难障碍，重
35、要的信息词是：other。 28D. 从下文We can put it down in our notebook and then consult our dictionary可以直接找到信息。 29C. 根据句子的意义和搭配：within (ones) reach 可以确定选项。 30Bturn to sb for help向某人求助。2语法填空 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31-40的相应位置上。字数：147完成时间：9分钟难度：* Social change is more lik
36、ely to occur in societies where there is 31 mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is 32 there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more 33 (disagree)
37、 in interest, and more groups and organizations 34 different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in 35 (mix) societies. 36 these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision. In a society where people are quite si
38、milar in many ways, there are 37 (few) occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because 38 seems to be the same. And 39 conditions may not be satisfactory, 40 are at least customary and doubtless.答案：31a 32that 33disagreements 34with 35mixed 36All 37fewer 38everything 39alth
39、ough 40they 本文讲的是不同种类的人融合在一起的社会较人们在许多方面具有相似观点的社会变化更快： 31a指“一种”有各种不同人的混合型社会。 32that在 the reason forwhyis that句型中，习惯上用that引导表语从句。 33disagreements在there are后与ideas并列一定是名词，且也要用复数表示“不同意见”。 34with指“具有”不同信仰的群体或组织。 35mixed因societies与mix是被动关系，用动词的ed形式作定语，表示“混合的”。 36All指上述提到的“所有”这些因素都会促使社会变化。 37fewer指在“人们在许多方
40、面具有相似观点的社会”较在“不同人混合的社会里”，人们觉得有必要改变的机会“更少”。 38everythingeverything在原因状语从句中作主语，表示“一切、所有事情”。 39a1though/ though由前后两个分句的逻辑意义可知填表示“尽管，虽然”的连词。 40they指前面的conditions。3阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。词数：308难度： *时间：6 分钟 Electrical devices (仪器) could soon use power made by human energy. Scientist
41、s say they have developed an experimental device that produces electricity from the physical movement of a person walking. British scientist Max Donelan and other scientists in Canada and the United States developed the device. The device connects to a persons knee. As the person walks, the device c
42、aptures energy each time the person slows down. To do this, the device helps with the slowing down movement of the leg. The movements of the walking person push parts of a small machine that produces electricity. Using the device, an adult walking quickly could produce thirteen watts of electricity
43、in just a minute. Donelan says walking at that speed could produce enough power to operate a laptop computer for six minutes. There are several possible uses for the device. Developers say it could help people who work in areas without electricity to operate small computers. The device could also be
44、 used in hospitals to operate heart pacemakers (起搏器). It could even be used to assist in the movement of robotic arms and legs. The experimental version of the device weighs about one and a half kilograms, but it is too costly for most people to buy. But the researchers hope to make a lighter, less
45、costly version. An improved version should be ready in one year. The developers hope the device will one day help developing countries. Nearly twenty-five percent of people around the world live without electric power. A similar product was invented in 2005 by Larry Rome of the University of Pennsyl
46、vania. He created a bag carried on a persons back that also produces power from walking. The knee device does not produce as much electricity as the bag. But the bag requires the walker to carry a load of twenty to thirty kilograms. 41. The second paragraph mainly talks about _. A. who developed the
47、 device B. how the device works C. several possible uses for the devices D. how much electricity the device can produce42. What is the disadvantage of the experimental version of the device? A. It is too heavy for the walker to bear. B. It is too complex for people to use. C. It will slow down ones
48、walking speed. D. It is too dear for most people to afford.43. Compared with the device designed by Larry Rome, this new device _. A. produces power without adding more loads to the walker B. can produce more power in a much shorter time C. needs to be equipped with a battery D. can help the walker
49、walk faster44. From the passage, we can learn that the electrical device can _. A. help housewives operate the micro-wave oven B. make it much easier for us to go online C. produce more electricity than that invented by Larry Rome D. be applied in medicine to operate heart pacemakers45. What would b
50、e the best title for the passage? A. First device powered by walking will soon be on the market B. Advanced technology brings in a new way to operate heart pacemakers C. Device gives new meaning to the idea of power walkingD. Human energy will become a main source of electricity A 篇科学家研制出一种固定在人膝盖上的发
51、电装置。这种装置可通过收集人走路时损失的能量发电。41. B。段落大意题。第二段主要讲了这种电子装置的工作原理，即它是如何利用人步行来发电的。42. D。细节推断题。根据第四段中的it is too costly for most people to buy可知这种实验版的设备费用太高，大多数人买不起。43. A。推理判断题。根据末段可知，过去Larry Rome发明的设备虽然也是靠行走获取能量，但是需要步行者背重达20到30公斤的负荷，而这种佩戴在膝盖上的设备重量只有1.5公斤，不需增加步行者的太多负担。44. D。细节理解题。根据文章第3段the device could also be
52、used in hospitals to operate heart pacemakers可直接选出答案D项。A项文中没有涉及到，B项表述不科学，根据文章最后一段可以推断C项表述错误。45. C。归纳标题题。文章主要突出的内容是这种新的电子设备使得利用人步行获取能量变得轻松、容易。4写作训练 写作内容 一个英国中学生代表团访问你校，你作为学生代表向来访者口头介绍神舟七号发射的相关情况，介绍内容要点如下： 1神舟七号宇宙飞船于2008年9月25日晚上9：10分升空。 2这是中国的第三次载人飞行。飞船成功地将三人小组送人太空，小组中的翟志刚进行了我国首次太空行走。 3太空行走在北京时间2008年9
53、月27日下午进行，持续大约26分钟。之后宇航员返回地球。 4这次太空飞行任务持续了四天，它将有助于中国掌握两颗卫星的对接技术(technology for，docking two orbiters)。 5中国成为继前苏联、美国之后世界上第三个能够实现太空行走的国家。 6我们为此感到骄傲。 写作要求 只能使用5个句子表达全部内容。开头和结尾已经给出。 评分标准 句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。Dear friends, Welcome to our school！It s a great honor for me to say something about China s Shenz
54、hou VII-spaceship._ Thats all. Thank you！答案Dear friends, Welcome to our school ! It s a great honor for me to say something about China s Shenzhou VII spaceship. China s Shenzhou VII spaceship took off at 9:10 pm on Sep 25, 2008. It was China s third manned space journey, which successfully launched
55、 a three-man crew into the space where one of them, Zhai Zhigang, made China s first spacewalk. On Sep 27, Zhai Zhigang successfully made a 26-minute spacewalk and then the astronauts returned to Earth. The 4-day journey is expected to help China master the technology for docking two orbiters. The success of Shenzhou VII has made China the third country in the world that has made spacewalk after the former Soviet Union and the USA, so we all take pride in it. That s all. Thank you !