1、书面表达开放类 (半)开放式书面表达：指给出很少的提示或近乎命题作文，这种题要求考生发挥想象把文章的内容合理地表达出来。也有的是给出漫画、一句话或一种情景，让考生根据自己的理解写作文，即给出漫画、主题或两三点提示，由考生去发挥、构思。(半)开放作文形同于书面表达，但又不等同于书面表达，因为书面表达往往给出较为详细的提示（文字提纲式、文字+图画式、或图表式），考生在组织短文时，完全可以把这些提示当作短文的提纲或线索；考生在表达时，只需沿着这条线索思维即可，留给考生进行发散思维的空间不多。而(半)开放作文是一种限制相对较少、留给考生更多自由发挥空间的、考查学生书面表达能力的一种新题型。这种题型只给
2、出主题，也就是说只告诉你正在或将要发生什么事情，至于事情发生的过程、结果则完全由考生自己去发挥，考生的思维完全可以发散。所以，考生的思路不同，写出的作文就会是千人千面。常见的(半)开放式作文命题形式标题式标题式(半)开放作文的命题形式往往是要求考生围绕一个特定的话题去写作。标题式(半)开放作文实际上相当于汉语的命题式作文，考生只要围绕题目中所给的特定的话题说明、叙述、举例，加上谈谈自己的感想或发表自己的看法就可以了。漫画式漫画式(半)开放作文以北京高考为代表。命题形式往往是要求考生围绕一幅漫画去写作。然而，相对于标题式(半)开放作文而言，漫画式(半)开放作文的写作难度更大。常考文体(半)开放作
3、文的常考文体有两种：记叙文和议论文。记叙式开放作文一般给出一段材料，然后要求考生沿着材料的纵横发展方向，充分发挥想象力，拓展原材料内容；同时运用逻辑推理方法，进行谋篇布局；最后串词成句，连句成文。总结起来就是，记叙式(半)开放作文要求考生灵活处理所给材料，做到综合分析，辩证思考，提炼观点，力求论点合理，论据充分，论证严密。议论式(半)开放作文则要求考生根据所提供的信息材料(一般为漫画)，在描述漫画信息之余，发挥自己的想象，展开简单的议论，并略谈自己的观点和看法。总结起来就是，议论式(半)开放作文要求考生围绕所给漫画的信息，简要地进行描述，辩证思考，提炼观点，力求论点合理，发人深思。值得注意的是
4、：近年来，北京卷(半)开放作文倾向于就图论事、就图明理。可以说，议论式(半)开放作文与现在流行的新课改、新课程、新课标非常吻合，也与流行的研究性学习、探究性学习非常一致，既迎合了当前教学潮流，又对潮流有一定的引领和推动作用。因此，考生要注意训练自己围绕图片，总结写作要点的能力。另外，看图类文章的审题难度要略大于文字类文章的审题难度，所以考生在平时的训练中应该加强对解图能力的训练。 第一步、描述漫画内容描述漫画内容的基本条件是看懂漫画。要求是：审图要准，定位要清；描述时言简意赅，不可越位；要注意：不要花太多时间挖掘图画深意！因为(半)开放作文不看重你的思想厚度，而看重你的语言质量。第二步、阐述对
5、漫画的理解所谓对漫画的理解，是指围绕漫画反映的基本事实进行较为细致的解释和自己的看法、感想或人生感悟等。要求是：逻辑清晰，合情合理。根据以上两个步骤，我们可以这样认为：(半)开放作文只要求你做两件事情，一件是描述图画（describe the following picture），另一件是阐述你对图画解释和看法（explain how you understand it）。相应地，你只需要写两个段落，一段是描述段，另一段是议论段。 1.描述段的写法：第一句可以使用如下句式： In the picture, there is等。 描述段的功能就是传达图画中的信息，向读者交代图画内容，所以必能使用
6、there be句型。另外，描述段的另一个功用即：为第二段的议论埋下伏笔。 2.议论段的写法：议论段的首句有个固定的句式，即：In my opinion, the picture is meaningful and wonderful as well.等。如何发议论呢？所谓议论，就是根据图画信息，表达你的看法、感想。考生不必过深地挖掘图画信息，只需用简单的英文，表达平易的道理。换句话说，只要你能用正确的英文表达你的感想，便赢得了胜利。Writing 1(2016新课标全国卷I)假定你是李华，暑假想去一家外资公司兼职，已写好申请书和个人简历(resume)。给外教Ms Jenkins 写信，请她
7、帮你修改所附材料的文字和格式(forma)。注意： 1. 词数100左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_【参考范文】Dear Ms Jenkins,I am Li Hua. I am writing to tell you something about my plan for the coming summer vacation and I also want you to do me a favor.In order to get some practical experience, I am planning to take a part-time job in a fore
8、ign capital company. I have already finished my job application and personal resume. But this is the first time that I have written an application and the personal resume, so I dont even know if there are something to pay attention to. So, Im writing you the letter, hoping you can give me some help.
9、 I will be very grateful if you can help me.Looking forward to your reply. And Id be really thankful.Yours,Li Hua【名师点睛】本文是一篇较为优秀的范文。格式正确，要点全面，语言通顺、流畅，很好地完成了写作任务。在本文中开头提出写信的目的，然后具体讲述自己的困难，再提出请求，最后表达自己的感激之情。所以在内容上逻辑性较强。此外，作者还使用了不定式短语In order to get some practical experience, 现在分词短语hoping you can give
10、me some help, 宾语从句if there are something to pay attention to等。经典句式this is the first time that I have written an application and the personal resume也是文章的亮点所在。Writing 2(2016浙江卷)Planning is good, but doing is better是一句英国名言。请以此为题用英语写一篇100120词的短文。要求如下： 1. 简述你对这句名言的理解； 2. 用一个具体事例加以说明； 3. 给出恰当的结尾。注意：1. 文章的
11、标题已给出（不计词数）； 2. 文中不得以任何形式透露地区、学校、老师或同学姓名等真实信息，否则按作弊行为认定。Planning Is Good, But Doing Is Better_【参考范文】Planning Is Good, But Doing Is BetterPlanning is good as it decides in detail how we do what we want to do. However, a plan can bear no fruit without being actually carried out.My experience in the En
12、glish speech contest last October is a case in point. A month before the event, I spent hours working out a schedule outlining my goals and practical steps. After that, I set out to read widely for an inspiring topic, wrote a speech, and practiced its delivery in beautiful pronunciation with good pu
13、blic speech skills. I finally came out of the contest as the first prize winner.I know how I achieved my success. It came from good planning and better doing combined.【写作指导】本文为一篇开放式作文。题目给出标题和提纲。结合题目可判断出主要是介绍将计划付诸实施的重要性。围绕这个主旨去写，不能跑题。提纲部分还要求三个方面：1. 简述你对这句名言的理解；2. 用一个具体事例加以说明；3. 给出恰当的结尾。这就确定了作文的结构框架。在
14、主旨和结构确定下来后，还要注意文章应用第一人称和一般现在时、一般过去时。写作时发挥自己的想象，灵活运用英语知识，采用不同的表达方式将文章完整地表述出来。注意要主次分明、详略得当，语言力求准确、简洁，同时应选用合适的连接词或过渡词，使文章自然连贯。最后要认真查验是否有漏写情况、有无拼写错误及标点误用等。【名师点睛】本篇范文短小精悍，结构合理，语言简洁，时态、人称准确，很好地完成了写作任务。在文章开头，作者紧扣题目，提出自己对plan的理解，同时引出下文，然后用自己的亲身经历表明要将计划付诸实施非常重要。在文中，作者用到了短语in detail, bear no fruit, carry out,
15、 set out to等短语，避免了文章表达的单一。此外，还用到了宾语从句how we do和how I achieved my success, 以及句型It came from good planning and better doing combined等，这些都给文章增加了亮点。Writing 3(2015浙江卷)在班级活动中，当你的想法与大多数同学不一致时，你是坚持自己的观点并说服别人，还是尊重大多数同学的意见？请你以When I Have a Different Opinion为题，用英语写一篇100120个词的短文。要求如下：1. 从以上两种做法中选择一种；2. 以具体事例阐述你
16、选择的理由。注意：短文中，不得以任何形式透露地区、学校、同学姓名等真实信息。否则，按考试作弊行为认定。When I Have a Different Opinion_【参考范文】Possible version 1:When I Have a Different OpinionWe may have different opinions in organizing class activities. We may have various ways to deal with such a situation. When I have a better idea, I would choose
17、to stick to it. By doing so, I can not only share good ideas with others but also learn to express myself clearly.Once we were discussing where to go for an outing. Most of my classmates wanted to go to a park while I had an idea of going to a nicer place. I managed to persuade my classmates into ac
18、cepting my idea. We did have a good time that day. Good opinions are worth sticking to because they can benefit us all.Possible version 2:When I Have a Different OpinionWe may have different opinions in organizing class activities. When I have a different opinion, I may choose to give it up and resp
19、ect the opinion of the majority.The main reason for my choice is that being brought up in a culture emphasizing collectivism, I tend to sacrifice my own interest for the group benefit. Once we were left to decide whether to have a picnic in a park or go to a museum. I would love to go to a museum, b
20、ut most of my classmates wanted to go for a picnic. Without hesitation, I decided to follow them and we did have lots of fun that day. Sometimes giving up a little can mean getting more.Writing 4(2014湖南卷)学校正在组织科技创新大赛，你想为日常生活中某件物品(如钢笔、书包、鞋子)设计添加新功能来参赛。请以My Magic _为题写一篇英语短文，介绍你的创意。内容：1. 说明设计理由；2. 介绍新功
21、能。注意：1. 词数不少于120个；2. 不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。_【参考范文】My Magic ShoesAs is known to us all, shoes play an important role in our life, for it can protect our feet from being hurt. Writing 5(2013江苏卷)请根据你对以下两幅图的理解，以Actions Speak Louder than Words为题，用英语写一篇作文。参考词汇： banner (横幅)stump (树桩)你的作文应包括以下内容：1.简要描述两幅图的内容；2.概述你对
22、两幅图中不同做法的理解；3.举例说明两幅图对你的启示。注意：1.可参照图片适当发挥；2.作文词数150左右；3.作文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息,如校名、人名等。Actions Speak Louder than Words_【参考范文】Actions Speak Louder than WordsPeople celebrate Earth Day differently. In Picture 1, a man is trying to put up a banner on a lonely tree Writing1(河北省保定市2017届高三摸底考试)进入高三以来，同学们倍感学
23、习压力，有的同学熬夜学习，甚至课间十分钟也不放过。假设你是李华，请针对这一现象，在penpal 网站上用英语发表一下自己的看法，与外国中学生进行交流。 注意：1. 词数100左右。 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_【参考范文】Hi Fellows,Im Li Hua, a senior high student from China. Id like to share something with you. Since the beginning of senior high, the learning burden makes us students feel more stress
24、ed. Many of us often sit up late at night fighting for the College Entrance Exam; even a ten-minute break wont be let go.As far as I know, lack of sleep does great harm to our health. For one thing, we cant concentrate in class if we dont get enough sleep. For another, we may get angry and impatient
25、 easily. By the same token, a ten-minute break is definitely necessary, which can help us get rid of tiredness and focus on next class period. A famous proverb goes well, All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. How about your situation and opinion?Looking forward to your reply.Writing 2(2017届河北衡
26、水名校高考英语一轮复习撬题对点练)近年来，名校受到越来越多的家长和学生的推崇。请你结合这个现象写一篇英语短文，分析出现名校热的原因，并针对这个现象谈谈你的看法。注意：词数100左右。_【参考范文】In recent years, more and more parents want to send their children to famous schools because they think it can ensure that their children go to famous universities.It is true that famous schools are equ
27、ipped with better teaching facilities. However, not every student is fit for famous schools where there is fierce competition among students. And students there have to work much harder than students in other schools.I hope the government will take effective measures to make sure all the schools pro
28、vide equally good education. In this way, all the students have equal right to highquality education.Writing 3(2017届江西省重点中学高三模拟)为响应“中国梦我的梦”，彰显高中生的青春与活力，近期JGEXB(井冈英语学报)发布了一则征文，体裁为演讲稿。征文题目为“I believe I can”。注意：1. 词数：100左右；2.格式已给出；3. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Good morning, ladies and gentlemen,_ 【参考范文】Good mornin
29、g, ladies and gentlemen,Please answer me a question, “Have you ever seen such a scene as the following?” In the morning, when you wake up, open your eyes slowly, look around, you can notice that the light comes into your room and smell the fresh air, you can hear the sweet nature voice outside the w
30、indows.Yes, yes, yes, what a beautiful day, what a different day, and what a bright day! And most importantly, it is a new journey of your life, a new beginning to make new decisions, take new actions, make new friends, and take your life to a totally new world! In your eyes, you can see clearly the
31、 things you want to have, the paces you intend to go, the relationship you desire to develop, and the positions you aspire to reach. You are the only one; I am the only one, too. We are all special and different. Life will be senseless if there is no person.Iam myself, so I believe I can! I know eve
32、ry dream will come true if Im passionate, confident and Writing 1如何理解合作，不同的人有不同的看法。请认真阅读下面的引语(quotation)，按要求用英语写一篇短文。United we stand， divided we fall.内容要求：1.你对该引语的理解；2.你的相关经历；3.你所得出的结论。注意：1.短文开头已给出，不计入总词数；2.文中不能出现考生的具体信息；3.词数100左右。This quotation tells us that_ 【参考范文】This quotation tells us that unit
33、y is strength. Whenever we are faced with difficulties, cooperation plays a significant role in getting us out of trouble. There was a time when I was so skilled in playing basketball that I became so proud. However, after we lost a game due to the fact that I overlooked my partners and refused to c
34、ooperate with them, my coach made me realize the importance of cooperation. Later on, not only did I cooperate with others in the game but also I learned to help others and turned to them for help. Surely cooperation made a big difference and helped our team make many achievements.From this experien
35、ce I learn that only if we attach much importance to cooperation can we win.Writing 2你校英文报纸开辟了一个专栏：Experience。本期话题是如何面对失败。请你写一篇英语短文，谈谈自己的看法。注意：1.词数100左右；2.短文中不能出现与本人相关的信息。_ 【参考范文】As high school students, we have to admit that failure is part of our life. Difficulties can arise now and then, which ma
36、y cause us repeated failure. And its impossible for us to get rid of them completely. But we can develop the right attitude towards failure. When faced with failure, I never feel upset, blame others or complain about the environment. Instead, I remain optimistic and regard every failure as an opport
37、unity to learn. If we can draw a lesson from each failure, well be on the right way to success. Therefore, in the face of failure, take your courage. Whats more, if necessary, turn to your classmates and teachers for help.Writing 3请根据以下提示，并结合事例，用英语写一篇短文。We all know that sticks and stones may break o
38、ur bones, but we should also be aware that words can hurt people, too.注意：1.无须写标题，不得照抄英语提示语；2.除诗歌外，文体不限；3.文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；4.词数100左右。_ Writing 4请阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150 词左右的文章。Beauty lies everywhere. One famous person once said, Its not the lack of beauty in life, but the lack of the eyes to find the be
39、auty.Jim: I have a deep understanding of the sentence. The eyes stand for our attitude towards life. If we hold an optimistic attitude towards life, we are more willing and active to find everything more attractive around us. As a matter of fact, an optimistic person will find daily things more beau
40、tiful than a pessimistic person.Linda: People may be easily affected by the surroundings. Whatever we see every day has a real effect on our mindset. Therefore, I think we should learn to change our attitude towards life, and try our best to keep motivated and encouraged. If we keep an eye open for
41、things around us intentionally, we can find there is much more beauty waiting for us.写作内容1.用约30个单词写出上文概要；2.用约120个单词谈谈你对保持积极向上的心态的看法，并用23个理由或论据支撑你的看法。写作要求1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；3.不必写标题。评分标准内容完整,语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。_【参考范文】As we all know, various people hold various attitudes towards life. Opt
42、imistic people are often delighted to find beauty everywhere and the beauty is always ready for those who are active and optimistic.From my point of view, having an optimistic attitude can make a great difference in life. First, being active and optimistic plays a role in changing our attitude towar
43、ds life, thus changing the way we perform and act, and finally bettering our bodily functions. That is to say, the optimistic mindset is of great benefit to us physically and mentally.Besides, this kind of mindset is helpful in improving peoples social relationships. Thats why an active and optimist
44、ic person is always surrounded by a large number of friends. My optimistic attitude towards life is highly thought of by my friends. They always find pleasure in staying with me. They say their attitude has been changed as a result of that. In a word, an optimistic attitude can benefit us as well as the people around us.16