1、中考英语-动词的基本形式(含答案)-专题练习一、单选题1.一Have you mended your bike,Bob?一Yes,I_it twenty minutes ago. A.have mendedB.mendC.had mendedD.mended2.There twenty attendants at the contest tomorrow. A.areB.haveC.will be3.What did your son say in the letter? He told me that he _ the Great Wall the next day. A.will visi
2、tB.has visitedC.is going to visitD.would visit4.Mrs. Green hardly ever from Monday to Friday. She plays sports on weekends. A.will exerciseB.exercisedC.exercisesD.is exercising5.The shop is _ on Saturday and Sunday. We can go shopping there on weekdays.Oh, no. It since last Saturday. A.open, has clo
3、sedB.close, has been openC.open, has been openedD.closed, has been closed6.I first met him a week ago while I _ along Bridge Street. A.walkedB.have walkedC.am walkingD.was walking7.I asked your mother if she that dress. A.boughtB.had boughtC.had buyedD.buy8.I know you _ to China many years ago. And
4、how long have you _ in China ?I dont remember it exactly. A.come, liveB.came; comeC.come; comeD.came; lived9.Mr. White with his two kids _ to the beach for vacation every year. A.goB.goesC.wentD.are going10.The students a snowman outside the classroom right now A.makeB.makesC.is makingD.are making11
5、.Scientists think that humans will live in space . A.laterB.later onC.after 100 yearsD.one day12.If you dont go to the meeting tomorrow, _ ? A.he will, tooB.he wont, eitherC.he does, tooD.he doesnt either13.Where _ you born?In a small town. A.wasB.wereC.beD.are14.There are many people downstairs. Wh
6、at do you think _? A.to happenB.happeningC.is happenedD.has happened15.Where is your mother?She _ Australia and she _ Sydney for two weeks. A.has been to; has been inB.has been to; has been toC.has gone to; has been inD.has gone to; has been to16.What is your brother doing in the room? He is _ a new
7、spaper. A.lookingB.readsC.readingD.sees.17.- Is your mother a teacher?- Yes, she is. She at a junior high school. A.taughtB.teachesC.will teachD.is teaching18.Where was your mother when the rainstorm came yesterday?She _ dinner in the kitchen. A.madeB.will makeC.is makingD.was making19.I didnt see y
8、ou yesterday. Where did you go? I _ to visit my grandmother. A.goB.will goC.wentD.have gone20.Everything in our school since 2009. Now, it very modern. A.is changed; is lookedB.is changed; looksC.has changed; is lookedD.has changed; looks21.Hello, this is Lilys speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Lee?Sorry
9、, hes _ to Tianjin. A.beenB.goneC.wentD.go22. There _ a football match this evening. Exciting news. A.are going to beB.is going to beC.is going to haveD.will have23.Have you spoken to a foreigner? A.stillB.yetC.alreadyD.ever24. There_a football match on TV tonight. I cant wait to watch it. Me, too.
10、Its_ Guangzhou Evergrande and the Australian team Melbourne Victory. A.will be; betweenB.will be; bothC.will have; betweenD.will have; both25.I dont know if she _ if it _ tomorrow. A.comes, snowsB.will come, will snowC.comes, will snowD.will come, snows26.I _ to you as soon as I get there. A.will wr
11、iteB.wroteC.writeD.have written27.- Do you know Diaoyu Island?- Sure. It _ China since ancient times. A.belongs toB.belonged toC.has belonged toD.is belonging to28.Listen! Lily _ the guitar in her room! A.playB.playsC.is playing29.Oh! Jennifer with her parents _ dinner there. A.is havingB.are having
12、C.have30.I thought I _in my project report , but the manager said he didnt see it at all. A.handB.am handingC.have handedD.had handed31.一 Why are the boys so excited?一 Because the team Miami Heat the first place for the last two seasons! A.getsB.gotC.has gotD.going32.- Do you have any plans for toni
13、ght?- Yes, I at the new Italian restaurant in town. A.eatB.have eatenC.ateD.am going to eat二、填空题33.Each of the boys _ (carry) a bag of books at the moment. 34.Which team _ you _ (support) for the basketball match tomorrow night? 35.If it _ (not work), you can call 5556 5678 for help. 36.What _you _(
14、do) when the teacher came in? Nothing. 37.What _(happen) to Liz and Gus when they got to the mother ship? 38.I _ (have) dinner at half past six yesterday evening. 39. Who _ (blow) out the candles last night? Ann did. 40._you ever _(lock) your keys in the house? 41.I _ (learn) a lot of English words
15、over the years. 42. Can you go to the mall tomorrow? Im sorry I cant. I _ (help) my sister with math. 答案解析部分一、单选题1.一Have you mended your bike,Bob?一Yes,I_it twenty minutes ago. A.have mendedB.mendC.had mendedD.mended【答案】D 【考点】过去发生的动作或存在的状态 【解析】【分析】有时间状语twenty minutes ago可知该句的时态应用一般过去式,句意:-鲍勃,你已经修了你的自
16、行车了吗?是的,我20分钟之前修的。结合语境可知选D。【点评】考查动词的时态。2.There twenty attendants at the contest tomorrow. A.areB.haveC.will be【答案】C 【考点】表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态 【解析】【分析】句意:明天这场比赛有二十个参赛者。根据“tomorrow”可知句子应用将来时。故选C。【点评】考查一般将来时的结构。3.What did your son say in the letter? He told me that he _ the Great Wall the next day. A.
17、will visitB.has visitedC.is going to visitD.would visit【答案】D 【考点】主句是过去时态宾语从句 【解析】【分析】句意:你的儿子在信中说什么?他告诉我他第二天要去参观长城.结合语境可知从句描述的是站在过去角度看将来发生的动作,故用过去将来时态,故选D.【点评】英语中的时态主要是借助于时间状语与上下文语境来进行判断。解答此类题型,首先要注意句子中的时间状语,如果没有则要通过分析上下文,结合语境来判断句子的时态。英语疑问句中一般具有时态上的对应关系,注意结合这一特点进行区分。4.Mrs. Green hardly ever from Mond
18、ay to Friday. She plays sports on weekends. A.will exerciseB.exercisedC.exercisesD.is exercising【答案】C 【考点】表示目前存在的状态、性质或经常发生的动作或习惯 【解析】【分析】句意:格林夫人从周一到周五几乎不锻炼,她在周末进行运动。A是一般将来时;B是一般过去时;C是一般现在时;D是现在进行时。根据时间状语和动词plays可知此处用一般现在时,故答案为C。【点评】考查动词时态。理解句意,注意句中的时间状语和动词的暗示。5.The shop is _ on Saturday and Sunday.
19、 We can go shopping there on weekdays.Oh, no. It since last Saturday. A.open, has closedB.close, has been openC.open, has been openedD.closed, has been closed【答案】D 【考点】非延续性动词与延续性动词的转换,词义辨析 【解析】【分析】open开,开放的,可用作形容词或者动词;close用作形容词,意思是亲密的,亲近的。用作动词意思是关闭。其过去分词closed用作形容词是关闭的。句意:商店在周六日不开放。我们可以在工作日去那儿购物。哦,
20、不。自从上周六以来它已经关闭了。结合语境可知选D。【点评】英语单词的一个特点就是一词多义,一词多性,即一个单词可以有多个不同词性的用法。因此我们首先要详细了解这些单词作为不同词性的含义及用法,尤其注意其比较特殊的用法,然后结合语境选择正确答案。6.I first met him a week ago while I _ along Bridge Street. A.walkedB.have walkedC.am walkingD.was walking【答案】D 【考点】一个延续性动作发生时,另一个短暂性动作同时进行 【解析】【分析】句意:我是在一星期前正在大桥街散步时遇到的他。A. walk
21、ed一般过去时形式;B. have walked现在完成时态形式;C. am walking现在进行时态形式;D.was walking过去进行时态形式。遇到他时,我正在大桥街散步,用过去进行时态。故选D。【点评】考点动词的时态。7.I asked your mother if she that dress. A.boughtB.had boughtC.had buyedD.buy【答案】B 【考点】一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成 【解析】【分析】句意:我问你妈妈她是否买了那件裙子。本句中从句的动作应该是发生在ask之前的. 所以用“had+过去分词”形式来表达。故选D【点评】考查过去完
22、成时。8.I know you _ to China many years ago. And how long have you _ in China ?I dont remember it exactly. A.come, liveB.came; comeC.come; comeD.came; lived【答案】D 【考点】过去发生的动作或存在的状态,过去开始发生的动作一直持续到现在 【解析】【分析】句意:我知道你多年前就来中国了。你在中国住了多久了?我记不太清了。根据过去时间短语many years ago可知,谓语动词使用过去式came。how long与持续性动词连用,live是持续性
23、动词,come暂时性动词。根据语境可知,本句为现在完成时态,所以动词使用过去分词lived。故选:D。【点评】此题考查一般过去时和现在完成时的用法。9.Mr. White with his two kids _ to the beach for vacation every year. A.goB.goesC.wentD.are going【答案】B 【考点】表示目前存在的状态、性质或经常发生的动作或习惯,主谓一致 【解析】【分析】 句意:White先生和他的两个孩子每年都去海边度假。go to the beach 是固定的短语,意思是去海边。根据句意和句中的every year可知,这里应该
24、用一般现在时态,并且这句话的主语是Mr. White with his two kids,谓语动词应该跟with之前的主语保持一致,应该用单数形式,故选B。【点评】考查动词。10.The students a snowman outside the classroom right now A.makeB.makesC.is makingD.are making【答案】D 【考点】说话时正在进行或发生的动作 【解析】【分析】句子的时间状语是 right now,意思是“现在,此刻”,常用于现在进行时,故选D。句意是:学生们此刻正在教室外面堆雪人。【点评】考查现在进行时的用法,注意时间状语的使用。
25、11.Scientists think that humans will live in space . A.laterB.later onC.after 100 yearsD.one day【答案】D 【考点】表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态 【解析】【分析】句意:科学家们认为人类有一天会住在太空。later以后,与时间段连用构成过去时;later on 后来,用过去时;after 100 years100年后,应该用一般过去时;one day一天(过去时),有一天(将来时)。句中的时态是一般将来时,故选D。【点评】考查一般将来时的时间状语。12.If you dont go t
26、o the meeting tomorrow, _ ? A.he will, tooB.he wont, eitherC.he does, tooD.he doesnt either【答案】B 【考点】表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态,副词辨析 【解析】【分析】too和either都表示也,区别是前者用于肯定句尾,后者用于否定句尾。句意:如果你明天不去开会,他也不去。结合语境可知下文描述的是将来动作,故用一般将来时态,wont表示否定含义,故选B。【点评】英语中的时态主要是借助于时间状语与上下文语境来进行判断。解答此类题型,首先要注意句子中的时间状语,如果没有则要通过分析上下文,结
27、合语境来判断句子的时态。英语疑问句中一般具有时态上的对应关系,注意结合这一特点进行区分。英语单词同汉语一样具有一词多义,一词多性的特点,本题就是考察这几个单词的副词用法。首先要理解每个选项的基本含义及用法的不同,并注意交叉含义间的区别,然后结合语境选择正确答案。13.Where _ you born?In a small town. A.wasB.wereC.beD.are【答案】B 【考点】系动词be,过去发生的动作或存在的状态 【解析】【分析】出生是过去的事情,动词用过去式,排除C,D,主语是you,动词用were,故选B。句意是:你出生在哪儿?我出生在一个小镇。【点评】本题考查be动词的
28、用法。14.There are many people downstairs. What do you think _? A.to happenB.happeningC.is happenedD.has happened【答案】D 【考点】过去已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响 【解析】【分析】句意:楼下有很多的人,你认为发生什么事情了。现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成: have (has) +过去分词。根据语境可知,主语是what, do you think是插入语,故用助动
29、词has not+过去分词,故选D。【点评】现在完成时的基本构成和用法。注意现在完成时和一般过去时两种时态的区分: (1)一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式,而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是助动词have /has +过去分词。 (2)一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 2019等; 而现在完成时则常与just, already, ever, never等副词和these days, this week, since, for等表示一段时间的状语连用。15.Where is your mother
30、?She _ Australia and she _ Sydney for two weeks. A.has been to; has been inB.has been to; has been toC.has gone to; has been inD.has gone to; has been to【答案】C 【考点】gone to/been to用法比较 【解析】【分析】句意:你的妈妈在哪里?她去了澳大利亚,她在悉尼呆了两周了。has been to”去过某地“,现在已经回来了;has gone to”去了某地“,还没有回来;has been in”待在某地“一段时间。根据句意Wher
31、e is your mother?可知,她的妈妈还没有回来,第二个空后面有一段时间for two weeks,应该用be in,故应选C。【点评】考查动词的时态,以及has been to ,has gone to ,has been in的含义和用法。16.What is your brother doing in the room? He is _ a newspaper. A.lookingB.readsC.readingD.sees.【答案】C 【考点】表示目前存在的状态、性质或经常发生的动作或习惯,动词辨析 【解析】【分析】句意:你弟弟在房间里在做什么?他正在读报纸。此题考查动词,r
32、ead newspaper读报纸,look看,see看到。根据句意,应选C。【点评】本题考查动词词义辨析,以及looking、reads,reading、sees四个词的词义和用法,现在进行时。17.- Is your mother a teacher?- Yes, she is. She at a junior high school. A.taughtB.teachesC.will teachD.is teaching【答案】B 【考点】表示目前存在的状态、性质或经常发生的动作或习惯 【解析】【分析】句意:你妈妈是老师吗?是的,她是。她在一所初中任教。由句意知:她在一所初中任教,她是第三人
33、称单数,这里讲述的是一般情况,故用一般现在时,因此动词teach应该用第三人称单数形式teaches,故选B。【点评】实义动词的单数第三人称形式。18.Where was your mother when the rainstorm came yesterday?She _ dinner in the kitchen. A.madeB.will makeC.is makingD.was making【答案】D 【考点】说话时正在进行或发生的动作 【解析】【分析】句意:昨天暴风雨来临时你的妈妈在哪儿?她正在厨房里做饭。根据句意及语境是过去正在做什么事情,所以用过去进行时态,故选D。19.I di
34、dnt see you yesterday. Where did you go? I _ to visit my grandmother. A.goB.will goC.wentD.have gone【答案】C 【考点】过去发生的动作或存在的状态 【解析】【分析】句意:昨天我没看到你,你去了哪里?我去看望我的祖母了。A. go一般现在时;B. will go一般将来时;C. went一般过去时;D. have gone现在完成时;根据时间状语yesterday可知时态应为一般过去时。一般过去时的构成为:主语+谓语动词的过去式,所以用go的过去式went;故选C。【点评】本题考查一般过去时。一般
35、过去式的构成为;主语+动词过去式20.Everything in our school since 2009. Now, it very modern. A.is changed; is lookedB.is changed; looksC.has changed; is lookedD.has changed; looks【答案】D 【考点】表示目前存在的状态、性质或经常发生的动作或习惯,过去开始发生的动作一直持续到现在 【解析】【分析】句意:自从2009年以来在我们学校一切都变了. 现在它看起来非常现代. 根据Everything in our school since 2009中的sin
36、ce自从以来, 可知要用现在完成时, 其构成:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词;根据Now, it very modern可知要用一般现在时, look是系动词看起来, 主语为单数, 所以应用looks. 故选D.【点评】现在完成时21.Hello, this is Lilys speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Lee?Sorry, hes _ to Tianjin. A.beenB.goneC.wentD.go【答案】B 【考点】gone to/been to用法比较 【解析】【分析】句意:-喂,我是莉莉。我可以和李先生通电话吗?-对不起,他去天津了。hes=h
37、e has,所以此处用过去分词,排除CD;短语:have been to去过某地(已经返回);have gone to去了某地(尚未返回),根据句意可知Mr Lee不在此处,所以用have gone to结构,故答案为B。【点评】考查gone to/been to用法比较。22. There _ a football match this evening. Exciting news. A.are going to beB.is going to beC.is going to haveD.will have【答案】B 【考点】表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态,there be结构
38、 【解析】【分析】句意: 今天晚上有一场足球比赛。激动人心的消息。There be结构与将来时连用时,用There is going to be,不能与have连用,故答案为B。【点评】考查There be结构与将来时连用的用法。23.Have you spoken to a foreigner? A.stillB.yetC.alreadyD.ever【答案】D 【考点】过去已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响,副词辨析 【解析】【分析】句意:你曾经和一外国人说过话吗?ever意为“曾经”;still意为“依然”;yet意为“还”,通常用于疑问句和否定句中;already意为“已经”。根据句意可知选
39、D。【点评】此题考查副词的用法。24. There_a football match on TV tonight. I cant wait to watch it. Me, too. Its_ Guangzhou Evergrande and the Australian team Melbourne Victory. A.will be; betweenB.will be; bothC.will have; betweenD.will have; both【答案】A 【考点】表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态,there be结构,介词辨析 【解析】【分析】 句意为:-今晚将有一场
40、电视直播足球比赛,我非常想看。-我也是。这是广州恒达足球俱乐部与澳大利亚墨尔本足球俱乐部之间的比赛。根据语境,这是there be结构的一般将来时,应用there will be;both指两者,between指两者之间。故选A。【点评】考查there be结构以及词语辨析。25.I dont know if she _ if it _ tomorrow. A.comes, snowsB.will come, will snowC.comes, will snowD.will come, snows【答案】D 【考点】一般现在时代替一般将来时,表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态 【解
41、析】【分析】句意为:我不知道如果明天下雪她是否会来。根据语境可知,这里第一个if 引导的是宾语从句,表示一个即将发生的动作,时态应用一般将来时。第二个if引导的是条件状语从句,状语从句的主句用一般将来时,从句应用一般现在时。结合选项可知应选D。26.I _ to you as soon as I get there. A.will writeB.wroteC.writeD.have written【答案】A 【考点】用于含某些状语从句的主句中 【解析】【分析】句意是:我一到那儿就给你写信。as soon as一就,引导时间状语从句,主将从现,从句I get there是一般现在时,所以主句要用
42、一般将来时,故选 A。27.- Do you know Diaoyu Island?- Sure. It _ China since ancient times. A.belongs toB.belonged toC.has belonged toD.is belonging to【答案】C 【考点】过去开始发生的动作一直持续到现在 【解析】【分析】句意:你知道钓鱼岛吗? 当然. 它自古就属于中国. 根据It _ China since ancient times. 它自古就属于中国. 根据since ancient times, 可知应该用现在完成时态. 现在完成时态的构成:助动词have/
43、has+过去分词, 根据主语It是第三人单数, 所以应该用has, 故选C。【点评】现在完成时28.Listen! Lily _ the guitar in her room! A.playB.playsC.is playing【答案】C 【考点】说话时正在进行或发生的动作 【解析】【分析】句意:听,莉莉在她的房间里弹吉他。由listen!可知动作正在发生,故选C。【点评】考查现在进行时。29.Oh! Jennifer with her parents _ dinner there. A.is havingB.are havingC.have【答案】A 【考点】说话时正在进行或发生的动作 【解
44、析】【分析】句意:哦!Jennifer 正和她的父母在那儿用餐。从第一句Oh!我们能感受到后面发生的动作应该正在进行中,可以看出此题是一道关于现在进行时的考题,而现在进行时通常由am/is/are+ doing的形式构成这里主语看似是Jennifer和她的父母,动词形式好像应用复数,实则不然,由with 的就远原则可判断,主语到底用单数还是复数主要看with前面的主语,这里with前面只有Jennifer,所以谓语形式应该用单数故答案选A。【点评】现在进行时30.I thought I _in my project report , but the manager said he didnt
45、see it at all. A.handB.am handingC.have handedD.had handed【答案】D 【考点】过去某时间前已经发生的动作或存在的状态 【解析】【分析】句意:我以为我已经上交了我的项目报告,但是经理说他根本没有看到。hand上交,是一个动词原形;am handing是现在进行时态;have handed现在完成时态;had handed过去完成时态。句中I thought使用的是一般过去时态,而根据句意可知,上交项目报告应该发生在这之前,故应使用过去完成时态,选D。【点评】考查动词的时态,本题涉及过去完成时的应用。31.一 Why are the boy
46、s so excited?一 Because the team Miami Heat the first place for the last two seasons! A.getsB.gotC.has gotD.going【答案】C 【考点】过去已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响 【解析】【分析】句意:为什么这些孩子们这么兴奋?因为迈阿密热队在过去的两个赛季得了第一名。由“for the last two seasons”可知要用现在完成时。故选C【点评】本题考查动词的时态。32.- Do you have any plans for tonight?- Yes, I at the new It
47、alian restaurant in town. A.eatB.have eatenC.ateD.am going to eat【答案】D 【考点】表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态 【解析】【分析】句意:你今晚有什么计划吗? 是的, 我打算在镇上新开的意大利饭馆吃饭。根据句中的时间词“tonight”判断此句应是一般将来时, 结构:am/is/are+ going to do; will do故直接选D即可。【点评】一般将来时二、填空题33.Each of the boys _ (carry) a bag of books at the moment. 【答案】is carryi
48、ng 【考点】语法填空,说话时正在进行或发生的动作 【解析】【分析】句意:此刻每个男生都背着一包书。由at the moment可知用现在进行时,故填is carrying。【点评】考查现在进行时。34.Which team _ you _ (support) for the basketball match tomorrow night? 【答案】will;support 【考点】表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态 【解析】【分析】句意:明天晚上的足球比赛你将支持哪个队伍?根据tomorrow night可知用一般将来时,故填will, support。【点评】本体考查一般将来时。
49、35.If it _ (not work), you can call 5556 5678 for help. 【答案】doesnt work 【考点】一般现在时代替一般将来时 【解析】【分析】句意:如果不行,你可以打 5556 5678求助。if引导条件状语从句时,从句中用一般现在时表示将来,故填doesnt work。【点评】考查动词的时态。36.What _you _(do) when the teacher came in? Nothing. 【答案】were;doing 【考点】一个延续性动作发生时,另一个短暂性动作同时进行 【解析】【分析】句意是:当老师进来的时候你正在干什么?什么
50、也没干。根据句意可知“你正在干什么事”是过去正在进行的动作,用过去进行时,故填 were doing。【点评】本题考查过去进行时的用法。37.What _(happen) to Liz and Gus when they got to the mother ship? 【答案】happened 【考点】过去发生的动作或存在的状态 【解析】【分析】句意:当他们到母舰时,Liz和Gus发生什么事了?从句是一般过去时,可知主句也用一般过去时,故填happened。【点评】考查一般过去时。38.I _ (have) dinner at half past six yesterday evening.
51、【答案】was having 【考点】表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情 【解析】【分析】at half past six yesterday evening意为“在昨天晚上六点半”,是过去的某一时刻,用过去进行时,故填 was having。句意是:我昨天晚上六点半正在吃晚饭。【点评】本题考查过去进行时的用法,表示过去某时刻正在发生的动作。39. Who _ (blow) out the candles last night? Ann did. 【答案】blew 【考点】过去式和过去分词,过去发生的动作或存在的状态 【解析】【分析】句意:昨晚谁吹的蜡烛?Ann。last night是一般过去时的
52、标志,故填blew。【点评】考查动词的过去式。40._you ever _(lock) your keys in the house? 【答案】Have;locked 【考点】过去已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响 【解析】【分析】ever 表示“曾经”,常用于现在完成时,故填 Have locked。句意是:你曾经把钥匙锁在家里吗?【点评】本题考查现在完成时的用法。41.I _ (learn) a lot of English words over the years. 【答案】have learned 【考点】过去已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响 【解析】【分析】我已经学习英语好多年了。表示已经,用完成时。【点评】考查时态的用法。42. Can you go to the mall tomorrow? Im sorry I cant. I _ (help) my sister with math. 【答案】am helping 【考点】现在进行时表示将来的动作 【解析】【分析】句意:你明天能去购物中心吗?对不起,不行,我要帮我妹妹学数学。be+动词-ing表示计划打算将要发生的事情,故填am helping。【点评】考查现在进行时表示将来。第 12 页